Crack-cocaine in São Paulo: Accessibility, market strategies and ways of use;Crack na cidade de São Paulo: Acessibilidade, estratégias de mercado e formas de uso

Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica

Volumn 35, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 212-218

  De Oliveira, Lúcio Garcia ^a,c   Nappo, Solange Aparecida ^b  

^a Centro de Informações Sobre Saúde e Álcool Cisa   (Brazil)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^c NONE   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Anthropology cultural; Behavior; Crack cocaine; Health public policy; Qualitative research

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; COCAINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CANNABIS SMOKING; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CULTURAL FACTOR; DRUG ABUSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARKETING; SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW;

EID: 59249102243     PISSN: 01016083     EISSN: 1806938X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0101-60832008000600002     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Dunn J, Laranjeira RR, Silveira DX, Formigoni MLOS, Ferri CP. Crack cocaine: an increase in the use among patient attending clinics in São Paulo 1990-1993. Subst Use Misuse. 1996;31:519-27.
2. Inciardi JA. Crack cocaine in the Americas. In: Monteiro MG, Inciardi JA, editores. Brazil-United States, Binational Research. São Paulo: CEBRID - Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas; 1993. p. 63-75.
3. Nappo SA, Galduróz JCF, Noto AR. Crack use in São Paulo. Subst Use Misuse. 1996;31(5):565-79.
4. Dunn J, Ferri CP. The price of crack in São Paulo, Brazil. Addiction. 1998; 93(2):287-8.
5. Nappo SA, Sanchez ZVDM, Oliveira LG, Santos SA, Coradette Jr J, Pacca JCB, et al. Comportamento de risco de mulheres usuárias de crack em relação às DST-AIDS. São Paulo: CEBRID - Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas e Unifesp - Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2003.
6. Carlson RG, Siegal HA. The crack life: an ethnographic overview of crack use and sexual behavior among African-americans in a Midwest metropolitan city. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1991;23(1):11-20.
7. Perlman DC, Perkins MP, Paone D, Kochems L, Salomon N, Friedmann P, et al. "Shotgunning" as an illicit drug smoking practice. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1997; 14(1):3-9.
8. Perlman DC, Henman AR, Kochems L, Paone D, Salomon N, Jarlais DC. Doing a shotgun: a drug practice and its relationship to sexual behaviors and infection risk. Soc Sci Med. 1999;48:1441-8.
9. Timpson SC, Williams ML, Bowen AM, Keel KB. Condom use behaviors in HIV-infected African American crack cocaine users. Subst Abuse. 2003;24(4):211-20.
10. Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (Cebrid). II Levantamento domiciliar sobre o uso de drogas psicotrópicas no Brasil: estudo envolvendo as 108 maiores cidades do país. São Paulo: Cebrid - Centro Brasileiro de Informaç ões sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas e Unifesp - Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2007.
11. Inciardi JA, Surratt HL, Pechansky F, Kessler F, von Diemen L, da Silva EM, et al. Changing patterns of cocaine use and HIV risks in the south of Brazil. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2006;38(3):305-10.
12. Clatts MC, Welle DL, Goldsamt LA, Lankenau SE. An ethno-epidemiological model for the study of trends in illicit drug use: reflections on the "emergence" of crack injection. Int J Drug Policy. 2002;13:285-95.
13. Victora CG, Knauth DR, Hassen MNA. Pesquisa qualitativa em saúde: uma introdução ao tema. Porto Alegre: Tomo Editorial; 2000.
14. Minayo MCS. O desafio do conhecimento: pesquisa qualitativa em saúde. São Paulo-Rio de Janeiro: Hucitec-Abrasco; 1998.
15. World Health Organization (WHO). Qualitative research for health programmes. Geneva: Division of Mental Health, World Health Organization; 1994.
16. Díaz AF, Barruti M, Doncel C. The lines of success? A study on the nature and extent of cocaine use in Barcelona. Barcelona: Laboratori de Sociología (ICESB) e Ajuntament de Barcelona; 1992.
17. Biernacki P, Waldorf D. Snowball sampling-problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociol Methods Res. 1981;10:141-63.
18. Siegel RK. New patterns of cocaine use: changing doses and routes. In: Kozel N, Adams EH. Cocaine use in America: epidemiologic and clinical perspective. Rockville, USA: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1985.
19. Creswell JW. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 1998.
20. Minayo MCS, Sanches O. Quantitativo-qualitativo: oposição ou complementariedade? Cad Saúde Pública. 2003;9(3):239-62.
21. Oliveira LG, Nappo SA. Crack-cocaine culture characterization in the city of São Paulo, emphasizing the controlled pattern of use. Rev Saúde Pública. 2008 (in press).
22. Sanchez ZM, Nappo SA. From the first drug to crack: the sequence of drugs taken in a group of users in the city of São Paulo. Subst Use Misuse. 2007;42(1):177-88.
23. Carlini EA, Galduróz JCF, Noto AR, Nappo SA. I Levantamento domiciliar sobre o uso de drogas psicotrópicas no Brasil: estudo envolvendo as 107 maiores cidades do país. São Paulo: Cebrid - Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas e Unifesp - Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2002.
24. Darke S, Kaye S, Topp L. Cocaine use in New South Wales, Australia, 1996-2000: 5 year monitoring of trends in price, availability and use from the illicit drug reporting system. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002;67:81-8.
25. Hando J, Flaherty B, Rutter S. An australian profile on the use of cocaine. Addiction. 1997;92(2):173-82.
26. Nappo SA, Galduróz JCF, Raymundo M, Carlini EA. Changes in cocaine use as viewed by key informants: a qualitative study carried out in 1994 and 1999 in São Paulo, Brazil. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1999;33(3):241-53.
27. Grund JPC, Adrians NFP, Kaplan CD. Changing cocaine smoking rituals in the Dutch heroin addict population. Br J Addict. 1991;86:439-48.
28. Siegel RK. Cocaine smoking. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1982;14(4):271-343.
29. Barrio G, De la Fuente L, Royuela L, Díaz A, Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Cocaine use among heroin users in Spain: the diffusion of crack and cocaine smoking. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998;52:172-80.
30. Feeney CM, Briggs S. Crack hands: a dermatologic effect of smoking crack cocaine. Cutis. 1992;50:193-4.
31. Inciardi JA. Crack, crack house sex, and HIV risk. Arch Sex Behav. 1995;24 (3):249-69.
32. Ward H, Pallecarsos A, Green A, Day S. Health issues associated with increasing use of crack cocaine among female sex workers in London. Sex Transm Infect. 2000;76:292-3.
33. Wallace JL, Porter J, Weiner A, Steinberg A. Oral sex, crack smoking and HIV infection among female sex workers who do not inject drugs. Am J Public Health. 1997;87(3):470.
34. Pechansky F, Kessler FHP, von Diemen L, Bumaguin DB, Surratt HL, Inciardi JA. Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2007;29(1):39-42.
35. Randi G, Scotti L, Bosetti C, Talamini R, Negri E, Levi F, et al. Pipe smoking and cancers of the upper digestive tract. Int J Cancer. 2007;121(9):2049-51.