메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 1195-1205

Human–wildlife conflict, benefit sharing and the survival of lions in pastoralist community-based conservancies

Author keywords

Community conservation; conservation benefits; livestock; Maasai Mara; mark recapture; pastoral settlements; pastoralism; protected areas; retaliation; sight resight

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; FELID; GRAZING; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; LIVESTOCK; MARK-RECAPTURE METHOD; NATURE-SOCIETY RELATIONS; PASTORALISM; POPULATION DECLINE; POPULATION DENSITY; PREY AVAILABILITY; PROTECTED AREA; SURVIVAL; VEGETATION COVER; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84961794355     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: 13652664     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12632     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 77952870441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge effects and the impact of non-protected areas in carnivore conservation: leopards in the Phinda-Mkhuze Complex, South Africa
    • Balme, G.A., Slotow, R. & Hunter, L.T.B. (2010) Edge effects and the impact of non-protected areas in carnivore conservation: leopards in the Phinda-Mkhuze Complex, South Africa. Animal Conservation, 13, 315–323.
    • (2010) Animal Conservation , vol.13 , pp. 315-323
    • Balme, G.A.1    Slotow, R.2    Hunter, L.T.B.3
  • 2
    • 84926392838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human and wildlife usage of a protected area buffer zone in an area of high immigration
    • Bamford, A.J., Ferrol-Schulte, D. & Wathan, J. (2014) Human and wildlife usage of a protected area buffer zone in an area of high immigration. Oryx, 48, 1–10.
    • (2014) Oryx , vol.48 , pp. 1-10
    • Bamford, A.J.1    Ferrol-Schulte, D.2    Wathan, J.3
  • 4
    • 15244352039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inventory of free-ranging lions Panthera leo in Africa
    • Bauer, H. & Van Der Merwe, S. (2004) Inventory of free-ranging lions Panthera leo in Africa. Oryx, 38, 26–31.
    • (2004) Oryx , vol.38 , pp. 26-31
    • Bauer, H.1    Van Der Merwe, S.2
  • 6
    • 84860364802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative changes in density and demography of large herbivores in the Masai Mara Reserve and its surrounding human-dominated pastoral ranches in Kenya
    • Bhola, N., Ogutu, J.O., Piepho, H.-P., Said, M.Y., Reid, R.S., Hobbs, N.T. & Olff, H. (2012) Comparative changes in density and demography of large herbivores in the Masai Mara Reserve and its surrounding human-dominated pastoral ranches in Kenya. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21, 1509–1530.
    • (2012) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.21 , pp. 1509-1530
    • Bhola, N.1    Ogutu, J.O.2    Piepho, H.-P.3    Said, M.Y.4    Reid, R.S.5    Hobbs, N.T.6    Olff, H.7
  • 7
    • 84978360275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data from: human–wildlife conflict, benefit sharing and the survival of lions in pastoralist community-based conservancies
    • Blackburn, S., Hopcraft, J.G.C., Ogutu, J.O., Matthiopoulos, J. & Frank, L. (2016) Data from: human–wildlife conflict, benefit sharing and the survival of lions in pastoralist community-based conservancies. Dryad Digital Repository, 10.5061/dryad.35h47.
    • (2016) Dryad Digital Repository
    • Blackburn, S.1    Hopcraft, J.G.C.2    Ogutu, J.O.3    Matthiopoulos, J.4    Frank, L.5
  • 8
    • 33644989533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community conservation, inequality and injustice : myths of power in protected area management
    • Brockington, D. (2004) Community conservation, inequality and injustice : myths of power in protected area management. Conservation and Society, 2, 411–432.
    • (2004) Conservation and Society , vol.2 , pp. 411-432
    • Brockington, D.1
  • 9
    • 0001780617 scopus 로고
    • Population trends of ungulates in and around Kenya's Masai Mara Reserve
    • (eds, A.R.E. Sinclair, P. Arcese,), pp, Chicago University Press, Chicago
    • Broten, M.D. & Said, M. (1995) Population trends of ungulates in and around Kenya's Masai Mara Reserve. Serengeti II: Dynamics, Management and Conservation of an Ecosystem, (eds A.R.E. Sinclair & P. Arcese), pp 169–193. Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1995) Serengeti II: Dynamics, Management and Conservation of an Ecosystem , pp. 169-193
    • Broten, M.D.1    Said, M.2
  • 10
    • 18044375579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why compensating wildlife damages may be bad for conservation
    • Bulte, E.H. & Rondeau, D. (2003) Why compensating wildlife damages may be bad for conservation. Journal Of Wildlife Management, 1, 14–19.
    • (2003) Journal Of Wildlife Management , vol.1 , pp. 14-19
    • Bulte, E.H.1    Rondeau, D.2
  • 14
    • 0000899588 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of survival from the sighting of marked animals
    • Cormack, R.M. (1964) Estimates of survival from the sighting of marked animals. Biometrika, 51, 429–438.
    • (1964) Biometrika , vol.51 , pp. 429-438
    • Cormack, R.M.1
  • 16
    • 77957220074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexities of conflict: the importance of considering social factors for effectively resolving human-wildlife conflict
    • Dickman, A.J. (2010) Complexities of conflict: the importance of considering social factors for effectively resolving human-wildlife conflict. Animal Conservation, 13, 458–466.
    • (2010) Animal Conservation , vol.13 , pp. 458-466
    • Dickman, A.J.1
  • 17
    • 84895539153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metapopulation approach to African Lion (Panthera leo) Conservation
    • Dolrenry, S., Stenglein, J., Hazzah, L., Lutz, R.S. & Frank, L. (2014) A metapopulation approach to African Lion (Panthera leo) Conservation. PLoS One, 9, e88081.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9
    • Dolrenry, S.1    Stenglein, J.2    Hazzah, L.3    Lutz, R.S.4    Frank, L.5
  • 22
    • 0037327791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced dispersal and opportunistic territory acquisition in male lions (Panthera leo)
    • Funston, P.J., Mills, M.G.L., Richardson, P.R.K. & Van Jaarsveld, A.S. (2003) Reduced dispersal and opportunistic territory acquisition in male lions (Panthera leo). Journal of Zoology, 259, 131–142.
    • (2003) Journal of Zoology , vol.259 , pp. 131-142
    • Funston, P.J.1    Mills, M.G.L.2    Richardson, P.R.K.3    Van Jaarsveld, A.S.4
  • 24
    • 55449121682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation on community lands: the importance of equitable revenue sharing
    • Groom, R. & Harris, S. (2008) Conservation on community lands: the importance of equitable revenue sharing. Environmental Conservation, 35, 242.
    • (2008) Environmental Conservation , vol.35 , pp. 242
    • Groom, R.1    Harris, S.2
  • 26
    • 69249206509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lions and Warriors: social factors underlying declining African lion populations and the effect of incentive-based management in Kenya
    • Hazzah, L., Borgerhoff, M. & Frank, L. (2009) Lions and Warriors: social factors underlying declining African lion populations and the effect of incentive-based management in Kenya. Biological Conservation, 142, 2428–2437.
    • (2009) Biological Conservation , vol.142 , pp. 2428-2437
    • Hazzah, L.1    Borgerhoff, M.2    Frank, L.3
  • 28
    • 69249215116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community, lions, livestock and money: a spatial and social analysis of attitudes to wildlife and the conservation value of tourism in a human–carnivore conflict in Botswana
    • Hemson, G., Johnson, P., Macdonald, D., Maclennan, S. & Mills, G. (2009) Community, lions, livestock and money: a spatial and social analysis of attitudes to wildlife and the conservation value of tourism in a human–carnivore conflict in Botswana. Biological Conservation, 142, 2718–2725.
    • (2009) Biological Conservation , vol.142 , pp. 2718-2725
    • Hemson, G.1    Johnson, P.2    Macdonald, D.3    Maclennan, S.4    Mills, G.5
  • 29
    • 20044368637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planning for success: serengeti lions seek prey accessibility rather than abundance
    • Hopcraft, J.G.C., Sinclair, A.R.E. & Packer, C. (2005) Planning for success: serengeti lions seek prey accessibility rather than abundance. Journal of Animal Ecology, 74, 559–566.
    • (2005) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 559-566
    • Hopcraft, J.G.C.1    Sinclair, A.R.E.2    Packer, C.3
  • 30
    • 83155181646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and the division of niche space: food and predation differentially shape the distribution of Serengeti grazers
    • Hopcraft, J.G.C., Anderson, T.M., Pérez-Vila, S., Mayemba, E. & Olff, H. (2012) Body size and the division of niche space: food and predation differentially shape the distribution of Serengeti grazers. Journal of Animal Ecology, 81, 201–213.
    • (2012) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 201-213
    • Hopcraft, J.G.C.1    Anderson, T.M.2    Pérez-Vila, S.3    Mayemba, E.4    Olff, H.5
  • 32
    • 76549200437 scopus 로고
    • Explicit estimates from capture-recapture data with both death and immigration-stochastic model
    • Jolly, G. (1965) Explicit estimates from capture-recapture data with both death and immigration-stochastic model. Biometrika, 52, 225–247.
    • (1965) Biometrika , vol.52 , pp. 225-247
    • Jolly, G.1
  • 33
    • 54049093653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Livestock predation by lions, leopards, spotted hyenas, and their vulnerability to retaliatory killing in the Maasai steppe, Tanzania
    • Kissui, B.M. (2008) Livestock predation by lions, leopards, spotted hyenas, and their vulnerability to retaliatory killing in the Maasai steppe, Tanzania. Animal Conservation, 11, 422–432.
    • (2008) Animal Conservation , vol.11 , pp. 422-432
    • Kissui, B.M.1
  • 35
    • 30044452164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial, temporal, and physical characteristics of livestock depredations by large carnivores along a Kenyan reserve border
    • Kolowski, J.M. & Holekamp, K.E. (2006) Spatial, temporal, and physical characteristics of livestock depredations by large carnivores along a Kenyan reserve border. Biological Conservation, 52, 9–541.
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.52 , pp. 9-541
    • Kolowski, J.M.1    Holekamp, K.E.2
  • 37
    • 2542420273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of human settlement in Kenya's Maasai Mara: what future for pastoralism and wildlife?
    • Lamprey, R.H. & Reid, R.S. (2004) Expansion of human settlement in Kenya's Maasai Mara: what future for pastoralism and wildlife? Journal of Biogeography, 31, 997–1032.
    • (2004) Journal of Biogeography , vol.31 , pp. 997-1032
    • Lamprey, R.H.1    Reid, R.S.2
  • 38
    • 58849089010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of conservancies for enhancing the value of game ranch land for large mammal conservation in southern Africa
    • Lindsey, P.A., Romañach, S.S. & Davies-Mostert, H.T. (2009) The importance of conservancies for enhancing the value of game ranch land for large mammal conservation in southern Africa. Journal of Zoology, 277, 99–105.
    • (2009) Journal of Zoology , vol.277 , pp. 99-105
    • Lindsey, P.A.1    Romañach, S.S.2    Davies-Mostert, H.T.3
  • 39
    • 0037861473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predators and people: conservation of large carnivores is possible at high human densities if management policy is favourable
    • Linnell, J.D.C., Swenson, J.E., Andersen, R. & Al, E.T. (2001) Predators and people: conservation of large carnivores is possible at high human densities if management policy is favourable. Animal Conservation, 4, 345–349.
    • (2001) Animal Conservation , vol.4 , pp. 345-349
    • Linnell, J.D.C.1    Swenson, J.E.2    Andersen, R.3    Al, E.T.4
  • 40
    • 72049111000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in home range size of African lions in relation to pride size and prey biomass in a semi-arid savanna
    • Loveridge, A.J., Valeix, M., Davidson, Z., Murindagomo, F., Fritz, H. & Macdonald, D.W. (2009) Changes in home range size of African lions in relation to pride size and prey biomass in a semi-arid savanna. Ecography, 32, 953–962.
    • (2009) Ecography , vol.32 , pp. 953-962
    • Loveridge, A.J.1    Valeix, M.2    Davidson, Z.3    Murindagomo, F.4    Fritz, H.5    Macdonald, D.W.6
  • 41
    • 69249231178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a compensation scheme to bring about pastoralist tolerance of lions
    • Maclennan, S.D., Groom, R.J., Macdonald, D.W. & Frank, L.G. (2009) Evaluation of a compensation scheme to bring about pastoralist tolerance of lions. Biological Conservation, 142, 2419–2427.
    • (2009) Biological Conservation , vol.142 , pp. 2419-2427
    • Maclennan, S.D.1    Groom, R.J.2    Macdonald, D.W.3    Frank, L.G.4
  • 42
    • 79956108370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of pastoralism and protection on lion behaviour, demography and space use in the Mara Region of Kenya
    • Mogensen, N.L., Ogutu, J.O. & Dabelsteen, T. (2011) The effects of pastoralism and protection on lion behaviour, demography and space use in the Mara Region of Kenya. African Zoology, 46, 78–87.
    • (2011) African Zoology , vol.46 , pp. 78-87
    • Mogensen, N.L.1    Ogutu, J.O.2    Dabelsteen, T.3
  • 43
    • 34547904480 scopus 로고
    • Counting Animals
    • 2nd, edn (ed, J.R. Grimsdell, African Wildlife Leadership Foundation, Arusha, Tanzania
    • Norton-Griffiths, M. (1978) Counting Animals, 2nd edn (ed J.R. Grimsdell). Serengeti Ecological Monitoring Programme, African Wildlife Leadership Foundation, Arusha, Tanzania.
    • (1978) Serengeti Ecological Monitoring Programme
    • Norton-Griffiths, M.1
  • 45
    • 84872773047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use change and livestock production challenges in an integrated system: the Masai-Mara ecosystem, Kenya
    • Nyariki, D.M., Mwang'ombe, A.W. & Thompson, D.M. (2009) Land-use change and livestock production challenges in an integrated system: the Masai-Mara ecosystem, Kenya. Journal of Human Ecology, 26, 163–173.
    • (2009) Journal of Human Ecology , vol.26 , pp. 163-173
    • Nyariki, D.M.1    Mwang'ombe, A.W.2    Thompson, D.M.3
  • 46
    • 80053142398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African wild ungulates compete with or facilitate cattle depending on season
    • Odadi, W.O., Karachi, M.K., Abdulrazak, S. a & Young, T.P. (2011) African wild ungulates compete with or facilitate cattle depending on season. Science, 333, 1753–1755.
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 1753-1755
    • Odadi, W.O.1    Karachi, M.K.2    Abdulrazak, S.A.3    Young, T.P.4
  • 47
    • 84906079175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The power of poison: pesticide poisoning of Africa's wildlife
    • Ogada, D.L. (2014) The power of poison: pesticide poisoning of Africa's wildlife. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1322, 1–20.
    • (2014) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.1322 , pp. 1-20
    • Ogada, D.L.1
  • 48
    • 0348103723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limiting depredation by African Carnivores: the role of livestock husbandry
    • Ogada, M.O., Woodroffe, R., Oguge, N.O. & Frank, L.G. (2003) Limiting depredation by African Carnivores: the role of livestock husbandry. Conservation Biology, 17, 1521–1530.
    • (2003) Conservation Biology , vol.17 , pp. 1521-1530
    • Ogada, M.O.1    Woodroffe, R.2    Oguge, N.O.3    Frank, L.G.4
  • 49
    • 15244353132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of pastoralism and protection on the density and distribution of carnivores and their prey in the Mara ecosystem of Kenya
    • Ogutu, J.O., Bhola, N. & Reid, R. (2005) The effects of pastoralism and protection on the density and distribution of carnivores and their prey in the Mara ecosystem of Kenya. Journal of Zoology, 265, 281–293.
    • (2005) Journal of Zoology , vol.265 , pp. 281-293
    • Ogutu, J.O.1    Bhola, N.2    Reid, R.3
  • 50
    • 33646855355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of mark-recapture methods to lions: satisfying assumptions by using covariates to explain heterogeneity
    • Ogutu, J.O., Piepho, H.-P., Dublin, H.T., Reid, R.S. & Bhola, N. (2006) Application of mark-recapture methods to lions: satisfying assumptions by using covariates to explain heterogeneity. Journal of Zoology, 269, 161–174.
    • (2006) Journal of Zoology , vol.269 , pp. 161-174
    • Ogutu, J.O.1    Piepho, H.-P.2    Dublin, H.T.3    Reid, R.S.4    Bhola, N.5
  • 52
    • 80053051104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuing wildlife population declines and range contraction in the Mara region of Kenya during 1977-2009
    • Ogutu, J.O., Owen-Smith, N., Piepho, H.-P. & Said, M.Y. (2011) Continuing wildlife population declines and range contraction in the Mara region of Kenya during 1977-2009. Journal of Zoology, 285, 99–109.
    • (2011) Journal of Zoology , vol.285 , pp. 99-109
    • Ogutu, J.O.1    Owen-Smith, N.2    Piepho, H.-P.3    Said, M.Y.4
  • 53
    • 68349141656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group territoriality and the benefits of sociality in the African lion, Panthera leo
    • Packer, C. & Mosser, A. (2009) Group territoriality and the benefits of sociality in the African lion, Panthera leo. Animal Behaviour, 78, 359–370.
    • (2009) Animal Behaviour , vol.78 , pp. 359-370
    • Packer, C.1    Mosser, A.2
  • 54
    • 0021064538 scopus 로고
    • Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males
    • Packer, C. & Pusey, A.E. (1983) Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males. The American Naturalist, 121, 716–728.
    • (1983) The American Naturalist , vol.121 , pp. 716-728
    • Packer, C.1    Pusey, A.E.2
  • 55
    • 12344300334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological change, group territoriality, and population dynamics in Serengeti lions
    • Packer, C., Hilborn, R., Mosser, A., Kissui, B., Borner, M., Hopcraft, G. et al. (2005) Ecological change, group territoriality, and population dynamics in Serengeti lions. Science, 307, 390–393.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 390-393
    • Packer, C.1    Hilborn, R.2    Mosser, A.3    Kissui, B.4    Borner, M.5    Hopcraft, G.6
  • 57
    • 0036268916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reserve size, local human density, and mammalian extinctions in U.S. protected areas
    • Parks, S.A. & Harcourt, A.H. (2002) Reserve size, local human density, and mammalian extinctions in U.S. protected areas. Conservation Biology, 16, 800–808.
    • (2002) Conservation Biology , vol.16 , pp. 800-808
    • Parks, S.A.1    Harcourt, A.H.2
  • 58
    • 0001550494 scopus 로고
    • A method of identifying individual lions Panthera leo with an analysis of the reliability of identification
    • Pennycuick, C. & Rudnai, J. (1970) A method of identifying individual lions Panthera leo with an analysis of the reliability of identification. Journal of Zoology London, 160, 497–508.
    • (1970) Journal of Zoology London , vol.160 , pp. 497-508
    • Pennycuick, C.1    Rudnai, J.2
  • 59
    • 0002348301 scopus 로고
    • Infanticide in lions: consequences and counterstrategies
    • (eds, S. Parmigiani, F. vom Saal, Harwood Academic Publishers, London, UK
    • Pusey, A.E. & Packer, C. (1994) Infanticide in lions: consequences and counterstrategies. Infanticide and parental care (eds S. Parmigiani & F. vom Saal), pp. 277–299. Harwood Academic Publishers, London, UK.
    • (1994) Infanticide and parental care , pp. 277-299
    • Pusey, A.E.1    Packer, C.2
  • 60
    • 5344244656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
    • R Development Core Team. (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org.
    • (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 61
    • 62149126219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spatial distribution of vegetation types in the Serengeti ecosystem: the influence of rainfall and topographic relief on vegetation patch characteristics
    • Reed, D.N., Anderson, T.M., Dempewolf, J., Metzger, K. & Serneels, S. (2009) The spatial distribution of vegetation types in the Serengeti ecosystem: the influence of rainfall and topographic relief on vegetation patch characteristics. Journal of Biogeography, 36, 770–782.
    • (2009) Journal of Biogeography , vol.36 , pp. 770-782
    • Reed, D.N.1    Anderson, T.M.2    Dempewolf, J.3    Metzger, K.4    Serneels, S.5
  • 64
    • 76549219043 scopus 로고
    • A note on the multiple-recapture
    • Seber, G.A.F. (1965) A note on the multiple-recapture. Biometrika, 52, 249–259.
    • (1965) Biometrika , vol.52 , pp. 249-259
    • Seber, G.A.F.1
  • 66
    • 78349301983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maasai Mara – Land Privatization and Wildlife Decline: Can Conservation Pay Its Way?
    • (eds, K. Homewood, P. Kristjanson, P. Trench, Springer, New York, NY
    • Thompson, D.M., Serneels, S., Kaelo, D. & Trench, P. (2009) Maasai Mara – Land Privatization and Wildlife Decline: Can Conservation Pay Its Way? Staying Maasai? SE - 3, Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation (eds K. Homewood, P. Kristjanson & P. Trench), pp. 77–114. Springer, New York, NY.
    • (2009) Staying Maasai? SE - 3, Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation , pp. 77-114
    • Thompson, D.M.1    Serneels, S.2    Kaelo, D.3    Trench, P.4
  • 67
    • 0033377570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional significance of ungulate diversity in African savannas and the ecological implications of the spread of pastoralism
    • Toit, J.T.D.U. (1999) Functional significance of ungulate diversity in African savannas and the ecological implications of the spread of pastoralism. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8, 1643–1661.
    • (1999) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.8 , pp. 1643-1661
    • Toit, J.T.D.U.1
  • 68
    • 62149136268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal group size, dispersal decisions and postdispersal relationships in female African lions
    • Vanderwaal, K.L., Mosser, A. & Packer, C. (2009) Optimal group size, dispersal decisions and postdispersal relationships in female African lions. Animal Behaviour, 77, 949–954.
    • (2009) Animal Behaviour , vol.77 , pp. 949-954
    • Vanderwaal, K.L.1    Mosser, A.2    Packer, C.3
  • 69
    • 0033453305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals
    • White, G.C. & Burnham, K.P. (1999) Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals. Bird Study, 46, 120–139.
    • (1999) Bird Study , vol.46 , pp. 120-139
    • White, G.C.1    Burnham, K.P.2
  • 70
    • 34547601499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effects of trophy selection and environmental disturbance on a simulated population of African lions
    • Whitman, K.L., Starfield, A.M., Quadling, H. & Packer, C. (2007) Modeling the effects of trophy selection and environmental disturbance on a simulated population of African lions. Conservation Biology, 21, 591–601.
    • (2007) Conservation Biology , vol.21 , pp. 591-601
    • Whitman, K.L.1    Starfield, A.M.2    Quadling, H.3    Packer, C.4
  • 71
    • 0001676111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predators and people: using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores
    • Woodroffe, R. (2000) Predators and people: using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores. Animal conservation, 3, 165–173.
    • (2000) Animal conservation , vol.3 , pp. 165-173
    • Woodroffe, R.1
  • 72
    • 15044362447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal control of African lions (Panthera leo): local and regional population impacts
    • Woodroffe, R. & Frank, L.G. (2005) Lethal control of African lions (Panthera leo): local and regional population impacts. Animal Conservation, 8, 91–98.
    • (2005) Animal Conservation , vol.8 , pp. 91-98
    • Woodroffe, R.1    Frank, L.G.2
  • 73
    • 0032569041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge Effects and the Extinction of Populations Inside Protected Areas
    • Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J.R. (1998) Edge Effects and the Extinction of Populations Inside Protected Areas. Science, 280, 2126–2128.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 2126-2128
    • Woodroffe, R.1    Ginsberg, J.R.2
  • 74
    • 34248201722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Livestock husbandry as a tool for carnivore conservation in Africa's community rangelands: a case–control study
    • Woodroffe, R., Frank, L.G., Lindsey, P.A., ole Ranah, S.M.K. & Romañach, S. (2006) Livestock husbandry as a tool for carnivore conservation in Africa's community rangelands: a case–control study. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16, 1245–1260.
    • (2006) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.16 , pp. 1245-1260
    • Woodroffe, R.1    Frank, L.G.2    Lindsey, P.A.3    ole Ranah, S.M.K.4    Romañach, S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.