Quantification of Phytochemicals from Commercial Spirulina Products and Their Antioxidant Activities

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Volumn 2016, Issue , 2016, Pages

  Al Dhabi, Naif Abdullah ^a   Valan Arasu, Mariadhas ^a  

^a KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE; AMINO ACID DERIVATIVE; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; ASPARAGINE; ASPARTIC ACID; CARBOHYDRATE DERIVATIVE; DIHOMO GAMMA LINOLENIC ACID; EICOSENOIC ACID; ELAIDIC ACID; FATTY ACID DERIVATIVE; GALACTOSE; GAMMA LINOLENIC ACID; GLUCOSE; HEXOSE; ISOLEUCINE; LINOLEIC ACID; MYRISTIC ACID; OLEIC ACID; PALMITIC ACID; PALMITOLEIC ACID; PENTOSE; POLYPHENOL DERIVATIVE; SAPIENIC ACID; SPIRULINA EXTRACT; STEARIC ACID; TYROSINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VACCENIC ACID; XYLOSE;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ASSAY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG DETERMINATION; FATTY ACID ANALYSIS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; IN VITRO STUDY; LIMIT OF QUANTITATION; NONHUMAN; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPIRULINA;

EID: 84961308503     PISSN: 1741427X     EISSN: 17414288     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2016/7631864     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. C. Jimenez, B. R. Cossío, and F. X. Niell, "Relationship between physicochemical variables and productivity in open ponds for the production of Spirulina: A predictive model of algal yield, " Aquaculture, vol. 221, no. 1-4, pp. 331-345, 2003.
2. L. Brennan and P. Owende, "Biofuels from microalgae-A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products, " Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 557-577, 2010.
3. J. J. Ortega-Calvo, C. Mazuelos, B. Hermosin, and C. Saiz-Jimenez, "Chemical composition of Spirulina and eukaryotic algae food products marketed in Spain, " Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 425-435, 1993.
4. K. Chopra and B. Mahendra, "Antioxidant profile of Spirulina: A blue-green microalga, " in Spirulina in Human Nutrition and Health, M. E. Gershwin and A. Belay, Eds., pp. 101-119, CRC Press, London, UK, 2008.
5. O. Tokusoglu and M. K. Ünal, "Biomass nutrient profiles of three microalgae: Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Isochrisis galbana, " Journal of Food Science, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1144-1148, 2003.
6. A. S. Babadzhanov, N. Abdusamatova, F. M. Yusupova, N. Faizullaeva, L. G. Mezhlumyan, and M. K. Malikova, "Chemical composition of Spirulina platensis cultivated in Uzbekistan, " Chemistry of Natural Compounds, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 276-279, 2004.
7. A. Ramamoorthy and S. Premakumari, "Effect of supplementation of Spirulina on hypercholesterolemic patients, " Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 124-128, 1996.
8. C. A. Rice-Evans, N. J. Miller, and G. Paganga, "Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds, " Trends in Plant Science, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 152-159, 1997.
9. J. Ferreira, "Effect of butylated hydroxyanisole on electron transport in rat livermitochondria, " Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 677-684, 1990.
10. M. Khan, J. C. Shobha, I. K. Mohan et al., "Protective effect of Spirulina against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, " Phytotherapy Research, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1030-1037, 2005.
11. D. S. Lee, D. S. Jeon, S. G. Park et al., "Effect of cold storage on the contents of glucosinolates in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), " South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 38-42, 2015.
12. M. Mossoba, J. Kramer, P. Delmonte, M. Yurawecz, and J. Rader, AOAC OfficialMethod 996.06, Fat (Total, Saturated, and Unsaturated in Foods), Hydrolytic Extraction Gas Chromatographic Method, First Action 1996, Revised 2001, AOCS Press, Urbana, Ill, USA, 2003.
13. N. A. Al-Dhabi, "Heavy metal analysis in commercial Spirulina products for human consumption, " Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 383-388, 2013.
14. M. ValanArasu, M.W. Jung, D.H. Kim et al., "Identificationand phylogenetic characterization of novel Lactobacillus plantarum species and their metabolite profiles in grass silage, " Annals of Microbiology, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 15-25, 2015.
15. S. Park, M. V. Arasu, M.-K. Lee et al., "Analysis and metabolite profiling of glucosinolates, anthocyanins and free amino acids in inbred lines of green and red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), " LWT-Food Science and Technology, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 203-213, 2014.
16. J.-Y. Lin and C.-Y. Tang, "Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in selected fruits and vegetables, as well as their stimulatory effects on mouse splenocyte proliferation, " Food Chemistry, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 140-147, 2006.
17. M. Oyaizu, "Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucoseamine, " Japanese Journal of Nutrition, vol. 44, pp. 307-315, 1986.
18. T. Hatano, H. Kagawa, T. Yasuhara, and T. Okuda, "Two new flavonoids and other constituents in licorice root: Their relative astringency and radical scavenging effects, " Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 2090-2097, 1988.
19. K. Elizabeth and M. W. A. Rao, "Oxygen radical scavenging activity of curcumin, " International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 58, pp. 237-240, 1990.
20. M. Mühling, A. Belay, and B. A. Whitton, "Screening Arthrospira (Spirulina) strains for heterotrophy, " Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 129-135, 2005.
21. D. R. Reddy, V. S. S. V. Prassas, and U. N. Das, "Intratumoural injection of gamma leinolenic acid in malignant gliomas, " Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 36-39, 1998.
22. V. A. Ziboh, "Biochemical basis for the anti-inflammatory action of gamma-linolenic acid, " in Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids: Pathophysiology and Roles in Clinical Medicine, D. F. Horrobin, Ed., pp. 187-201, Alan Liss, New York, NY, USA, 1989.
23. A. Bordoni, P. L. Biagi, M. Masi et al., "Evening primrose oil (Efamol) in the treatment of children with atopic eczema, " Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 291-297, 1988.
24. D. F. Horrobin, "The role of essential fatty acids and prostaglandins in the premenstrual syndrome, " The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, vol. 28, pp. 465-468, 1983.
25. T. Ishikawa, Y. Fujiyama, O. Igarashi et al., "Effects of gammalinolenic acid on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins, " Atherosclerosis, vol. 75, no. 2-3, pp. 95-104, 1989.
26. M. G. Sajilata, R. S. Singhal, and M. Y. Kamat, "Fractionation of lipids and purification of linolenic acid (GLA) fromSpirulina platensis, " Food Chemistry, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 580-586, 2008.
27. V. Patil, T. Källqvist, E. Olsen, G. Vogt, and H. R. Gislerød, "Fatty acid composition of 12 microalgae for possible use in aquaculture feed, " Aquaculture International, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2007.
28. R. Chaiklahan, N. Chirasuwan, P. Triratana, V. Loha, S. Tia, and B. Bunnag, "Polysaccharide extraction from Spirulina sp. And its antioxidant capacity, " International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 58, pp. 73-78, 2013.
29. J.-B. Lee, T. Hayashi, K. Hayashi et al., "Further purification and structural analysis of calciumspirulan from Spirulina platensis, " Journal of Natural Products, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 1101-1104, 1998.
30. M. R. Brown, C. D. Garland, S. W. Jeffrey, I. D. Jameson, and J. M. Leroi, "The gross and amino acid compositions of batch and semi-continuous cultures of Isochrysis sp. (clone TISO), Pavlova lutheri and Nannochloropsis oculata, " Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 5, pp. 285-296, 1993.
31. G. Cĺement, C. Giddey, and R. Menzi, "Amino acid composition and nutritive value of the alga Spirulina maxima, " Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 497-501, 1967.
32. A. Richmond and E.W. Becker, "Technological aspects of mass cultivation-A general outline, " in Handbook of Microalgal Mass Culture, A. Richmond, Ed., pp. 245-263, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, 1984.
33. M. S. Miranda, R. G. Cintra, S. B. M. Barros, and J. Mancini-Filho, "Antioxidant activity of the microalga Spirulinamaxima, " Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1075-1079, 1998.
34. L. M. Colla, C. Oliveira Reinehr, C. Reichert, and J. A. V. Costa, "Production of biomass and nutraceutical compounds by Spirulina platensis under different temperature and nitrogen regimes, " Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, no. 7, pp. 1489-1493, 2007.
35. C. Manach, A. Mazur, and A. Scalbert, "Polyphenols and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, " Current Opinion in Lipidology, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 77-84, 2005.
36. L.-C. Wu, J.-A. A. Ho, M.-C. Shieh, and I.-W. Lu, "Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Spirulina and chlorella water extracts, " Journal of Agricultural andFoodChemistry, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 4207-4212, 2005.
37. S. Shukla, A. Mehta, V. K. Bajpai, and S. Shukla, "In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bert, " Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 2338-2343, 2009.
38. V. B. Bhat and K. M. Madyastha, "Scavenging of peroxynitrite by phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin from Spirulina platensis: protection against oxidative damage to DNA, " Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 285, no. 2, pp. 262-266, 2001.
39. E. Christaki, P. Florou-Paneri, and E. Bonos, "Microalgae: A novel ingredient in nutrition, " International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 794-799, 2011.