Heavy metal analysis in commercial Spirulina products for human consumption

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 383-388

  Al Dhabi, Naif Abdullah ^a  

^a KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Coupled Plasma Mass; Cyanobacteria; Heavy metals; Spirulina

Indexed keywords

CYANOBACTERIA; SPIRULINA;

EID: 84884419319     PISSN: 1319562X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.04.006     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Al-Homaidan A.A. Heavy metal levels in Saudi Arabian Spirulina. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 2006, 9(14):2693-2695.
2. Becker E.W. Microalgae for human and animal consumption. Micro-algal Biotechnology 1988, 222-256. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. M.A. Borowitzka, L. Borowitzka (Eds.).
3. Belay A., Kato T., Ota Y. Spirulina (Arthrospira): potential application as an animal feed supplement. J. Appl. Phycol. 1996, 8:303-311.
4. Belay A., Ota Y., Miyakawa K., Shimamatsu H. Current knowledge on potential health benefits of Spirulina. J. Appl. Phycol. 1993, 5:235-241.
5. Besada V., Andrade José Manuel, Schultze Fernando, González
6. Borowitzka M.A. Vitamins and fine chemicals from micro-algae. Micro-algal Biotechnology 1988, 153-196. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. M.A. Borowitzka, L. Borowitzka (Eds.).
7. Dawczynski C., Schar̈ fer U., Leiterer M., Jahreis G. Nutritional and toxicological importance of macro, trace, and ultra-trace elements in algae food products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55:10470-10475.
8. Cho D.M., Kim D.S., Lee D.S., Kim H.R., Pyeun J.H. Trace components and functional saccharides in seaweed. 1: changes in proximate composition and trace elements according to harvest season and places. Bull. Korean Fish. Soc. 1995, 28:49-59.
9. Companella L., Crescentini G., Avino P. Determination of macrominerals and trace elements in the alga Spirulina platensis. Analusis 1998, 26:210-214.
10. Foulke, J., 1993. Lead threat lessens, but mugs pose problem. US FDA Consumer Aug 1-6.
11. Fox R.D. Spirulina - Production and Potential 1996, Aix-en-Province, France.
12. Gribovskay I.V., Yan N.A., Trubachev I.N., Zinenko G.K. Resistance of certain species of green and blue-green algae to an increased concentration of trace elements in the medium. Belyanin Parametricheskoe Upr. Biosint. Mikrovodoroslei 1980, vol. 49-57. Izd. Nauka, Sib. Otd., Novosibirsk.
13. Henrikson R. Earth Food Spirulina: How This Remarkable Blue-Green Algae Can Transform Your Health and Our Planet 1989, Ronore Enterprises, Inc., Laguna Beach, California.
14. Hou X., Yan X. Study on the concentration and seasonal variation of inorganic elements in 35 species of marine algae. Sci. Total Environ. 1998, 222:141-156.
15. Hsu Y.-M., Hwang J.-M., Yeh T.-R. Inorganic elements determination for algae/Spirulina food marketed in Taiwan. J. Food Drug Anal. 2001, 9:178-182.
16. Iyengar G.V. Concentrations of 15 trace elements in some selected adult human tissues and body fluids of clinical interest from several countries. Kern for schung sanlage Jillich GmbH, ISSN 1985, 0366-0885:1-156.
17. Kallqvist T., Meadows B.S. Toxic effect of copper on algae and rotifers from a soda lake (Lake Nakuru, East Africa). W. Res. 1978, 12:771-775.
18. Khan M., Shobha C.J., Rao U.M., Sundaram C.M., Singh S., Mohan J.I., Kuppusamy P., Kutala K.V. Protective effect of Spirulina against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Phytother. Res. 2005, 19:1030-1037.
19. Kaneta M., Hikichi H., Endo S., Sugiyama N. Chemical form of cadmium (and other heavy metals) in rice and wheat plants. Environ. Health Perspect. 1986, 65:33-37.
20. Kotangale L.R., Sarkar R., Krishnamoorthi K.P. Toxicity of mercury and zinc to Spirulina platensis. Indian J. Environ. Health 1984, 26:41-46.
21. Kuhnlein H.V., Chan H.M. Environment and contaminants in traditional food systems of Northern Indigenous peoples. A. Rev. Nut. 2000, 20:595-626.
22. Leiterer M., Einax J.W., Lor̈ ser C., Vetter A. Trace analysis of metals in plant samples with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1997, 359:423-426.
23. Murphy T.P., Lean R.S., Nalewajko C. Blue-green algae: their excretion of iron-selective chelators enables them to dominate other algae. Science 1976, 192:900-902.
24. Netten C.V., Cann S.A.H., Morley D.R., Netten J.P.V. Elemental and radioactive analysis of commercially available seaweed. Sci. Total Environ. 2000, 255:169-175.
25. Ortega-Calvo J.J., Mazuelos C., Hermosín B., Sáiz-Jiménez C. Chemical composition of Spirulina and eukaryotic algae food products marketed in Spain. J. Appl. Phycol. 1993, 5:425-435.
26. Pande A.s., Sarkar R., Krishnamoorthi K.P. Toxicity of copper sulphate to the alga Spirulina platensis and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1981, 19:500-502.
27. Richmond A. Spirulina. Micro-algal Biotechnology 1988, 85-121. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. M.A. Borowitzka, L. Borowitzka (Eds.).
28. Ruan J.S., Long C.S., Guo B.J. Spirulina prevented damage induced by radiation. J. Genet. 1988, 10:27-30. (in Chinese).
29. Ruan J.S., Guo B.J., Shu L.H. Effect of Spirulina polysaccharides on changes in white blood corpuscles induced by radiation in mice. J. Radiat. Res. Technol. 1990, 8:210-213. (in Chinese).
30. Sahan Y., Basoglu F., Guer S. ICP-MS analysis of a series of metals (Namely: Mg, Cr, Co., Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sn, Cd and Pb) in black and green olive samples from Bursa. Turkey. Food Chem. 2007, 105:395-399.
31. Sánchez M., Bernal-Castillo J., Rozo C., Rodríguez I. Spirulina (Arthrospira): an edible microorganism. A Rev. Rev. Univ. Sci. 2003, 8:1.
32. Struck B.D., Pelzer R., Ostapzuk P., Emons H., Mohl C. Statistical evaluation of ecosystem properties influencing the uptake of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Zn in seaweed (Fucus vesiculosis) and common mussel (Mytilus edulis). S. Total Environ. 1997, 207:29-42.