The enduring impact of violence against children

Psychology, Health and Medicine

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 393-405

  Hillis, Susan D ^a   Mercy, James A ^a   Saul, Janet R ^a  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

bullying; Child maltreatment; economic burden; emotional violence; life long consequences; physical violence; sexual violence

Indexed keywords

CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE; HUMAN; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; UNITED NATIONS;

CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE; HUMANS; UNITED NATIONS;

EID: 84961214581     PISSN: 13548506     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1153679     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Anda, R. F., Butchart, A., Felitti, V. J., & Brown, D. W., (2010). Building a framework for global surveillance of the public health implications of adverse childhood experiences. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39, 93–98.10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.015
2. Andersson, N., Cockcroft, A., & Shea, B. (2008). Gender-based violence and HIV:Relevance for HIV prevention in hyperendemic countries of southern Africa. AIDS, 22, S73–S86.10.1097/01.aids.0000341778.73038.86
3. Baral, S., Beyrer, C., Muessig, K., Poteat, T., Wirtz, A.L., Decker, M.R., … Kerrigan, D., (2012). Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries:a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12, 538–549.10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70066-X
4. Benjet, C., (2010). Childhood adversities of populations living in low-income countries:Prevalence, characteristics, and mental health consequences. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 4, 356–362.10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833ad79b
5. Betancourt, T. S., Smith Fawzi, M. K., Bruderlein, C., Desmond, C., & Kim, J., (2010). Children affected by HIV/AIDS:SAFE, a model for promoting their security, health and development. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 15, 243–265.
6. Borwankar, R., Diallo, R., & Sommerfelt, A. E., (2010). Gender-based violence in sub-Saharan Africa:A review of demographic and health survey findings and their use in national planning. Washington, DC:USAID/AFR/SD and Africa’s Health in 2010/AED.
7. Bott, S., Guedes, A., Goodwin, M., & Mendoza, J. A., (2012). Violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean:A comparative analysis of population-based data from 12 countries. Washington, DC:Pan American Health Organization.
8. Broyles, S. T., Staiano, A. E., Drazba, K. T., Gupta, A. K., Sothern, M., & Katzmarzyk, P. T., (2012). Elevated C-reactive protein in children from risky neighborhoods:Evidence for a stress pathway linking neighborhoods and inflammation in children. PLoS ONE, 7, e45419.10.1371/journal.pone.0045419
9. Buvinic, M., Morrison, A. R., & Shifter, M., (1999). Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean:A framework for action. In A. R., Morrison & B. E., Orlando (Eds.), Too close to home:Domestic violence in the America (pp. 3–34). New York, NY:Inter-American Development Bank.
10. Capaldi, D. M., Knoble, N. B., Shortt, J. W., & Kim, H. K., (2012). A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse, 3, 231–280.10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.231
11. Clay, R. L., deBaca, K. M., De Cock, K. M., Goosby, E., Guttmacher, A., Jacobs, A., …Steinberg, D., (2011). A call for coordinated and evidence-based action to protect children outside of family care. Lancet, 379, e6–e8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61821-7.
12. Danese, A., & McEwen, B., (2012). Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease. Physiology & Behavior, 106, 29–39.
13. Devries, K., Watts, C., Yoshihama, M., Kiss, L., Schraiber, L. B., Deyessa, N., … The WHO Multi-Country Study Team. (2011). Violence against women is strongly associated with suicide attempts:evidence from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women. Social Science & Medicine, 13, 79–86.
14. Dietz, P. M., Spitz, A. M., Anda, R. F., Williamson, D. F., McMahon, P. M., Santelli, J. S., … Kendrick, J. S., (1999). Unintended pregnancy among adult women exposed to abuse or household dysfunction during their childhood. JAMA, 282, 1359–1364.10.1001/jama.282.14.1359
15. Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Chapman, D., Williamson, D. F., & Giles, W. H., (2001). Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span. JAMA, 286, 3089–3096.10.1001/jama.286.24.3089
16. Eckenrode, J., Ganzel, B., Henderson, Jr, C. R., Smith, E., Olds, D. L., Powers, J., … Sidora, K., (2000). Preventing child abuse and neglect with a program of nurse home visitation. JAMA, 284, 1385–1391.10.1001/jama.284.11.1385
17. Fang, X., Brown, D. S., Florence, C. S., & Mercy, J. A., (2012). The economic burden of child maltreatment in the United States and implications for prevention. Child Abuse and Neglect, 36, 156–165.10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.10.006
18. Fang, X., Fry, D. A., Brown, D. S., Mercy, J. A., Dunnee, M. P., Butchart, A. R., … Swales, D. M., (2015). The burden of child maltreatment in the East Asia and Pacific region. Child Abuse & Neglect, 42, 146–162.
19. Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., … Marks, J. S., (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245–258.10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
20. Finkelhor, D., & Jones, L., (2006). Why have child maltreatment and child victimization declined? Journal of Social Issues, 6, 685–716.10.1111/josi.2006.62.issue-4
21. Finkelhor, D., Hamby, S. L., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A., (2009). Violence, abuse, & crime exposure in a national sample of children & youth. Pediatrics, 124, 1–14.
22. Fisher, J., Cabral de Mello, M., Patel, V., Rahman, A., Tran, T., Holton, S., & Holmes, W., (2012). Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries:a systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 90, 139–149H.10.2471/BLT.11.091850
23. Fluke, J. D., Goldman, P. S., Shriberg, J., Hillis, S. D., Yun, K., Allison, S., & Light, E., (2012). Systems, strategies, and interventions for sustainable long-term care and protection of children with a history of living outside of family care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36, 722–731.10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.005
24. Fuller-Thomson, E., Bottoms, J., Brennenstuhl, S., & Hurd, M., (2011). Is childhood physical abuse associated with peptic ulcer disease? Findings from a population-based study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 3225–3247. doi:10.1177/0886260510393007
25. García-Moreno, C., & Riecher-Rössler, A., (Eds.). (2013). Key issues in mental. Violence against women and mental health (Vol. 178). Basel:Karger.
26. Garner, A. S., Shonkoff, J. P., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., Garner, A. S., … Wood, D. L., Committee on psychosocial aspects of child and family health; committee on early childhood, adoption, and dependent care; section on developmental and behavioral pediatrics. (2012). Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the role of the pediatrician:translating developmental science into lifelong health. Pediatrics, 129, e224–e231.
27. Heim, C., & Binder, E. B., (2012). Current research trends in early life stress and depression:Review of human studies on sensitive periods, gene–environment interactions, and epigenetics. [Review] Experimental Neurology, 233, 102–111.10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.032
28. Hillis, S. D., Anda, R. F., Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Marchbanks, P. A., & Marks, J. S., (2004). The association between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent pregnancy, long-term psychosocial consequences, and fetal death. Pediatrics, 113, 320–327.10.1542/peds.113.2.320
29. Hillis, S. D., Anda, R. F., Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Marchbanks, P. A., & Marks, J. S., (2010). The protective effect of family strengths in childhood against adolescent pregnancy and its long-term psychosocial consequences. Permanente Journal, 14, 18–27.
30. Hillis, S. D., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Nordenberg, D., & Marchbanks, P. A., (2000). Adverse childhood experiences and sexually transmitted diseases in men and women:A retrospective study. Pediatrics, 106, E11.10.1542/peds.106.1.e11
31. Hillis, S. D., Mercy, J. A., Saul, J., Gleckel, J., Abad, N., & Kress, H., (2015). THRIVES:A global technical package to prevent violence against children. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1–31.
32. Hillis, S., Mercy, J., Amobi, A., & Kress, H., (2016). Global prevalence of violence against children:A systematic review and minimum estimates. Pediatrics, 137, e20154079.
33. Hillis, S. D., Zapata, L., Robbins, C. L., Kissin, D. M., Skipalska, H., Yorick, R., … Jamieson, D. J., (2012). HIV seroprevalence among orphaned and homeless youth. AIDS, 26, 105–110.10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834c4be4
34. Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2013). Evaluation of PEPFAR. Washington, DC:The National Academies Press.
35. Jewkes, R. K., Dunkle, K., Nduna, M., & Shai, N., (2010). Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa:A cohort study. The Lancet, 376, 41–48.10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60548-X
36. Jones, L., Bellis, M. A., Wood, S., Hughes, K., McCoy, E., Eckley, L., & Bates, G., Focus:Violence against children with disabilities, in UNICEF the state of the world’s children 2013:Children with disabilities. Retrieved January 26, 2016, from http://www.unicef.org/sowc2013/report.html
37. Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., … Williams, D. R., Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197, 378–385.
38. Kissin, D. M., Zapata, L., Yorick, R., Vinogradova, E. N., Volkova, G. V., Cherkassova, E., … Hillis, S. D., (2007). HIV seroprevalence in street youth, St Petersburg, Russia. AIDS, 21, 2333–2340.10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f125b3
39. Kouyoumdjian, F. G., Calzavara, L. M., Bondy, S. J., O’Campo, P., Serwadda, D., Nalugoda, F., … Gray, R., (2013). Intimate partner violence is associated with incident HIV infection in women in Uganda. AIDS, 27, 1331–1338.10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835fd851
40. Lansford, J. E., & Deater-Deckard, K., (2012). Childrearing discipline and violence in developing countries. Child Development, 83, 62–75.10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01676.x
41. Lozano, R., Naghavi, M., Foreman, K., Lim, S., Shibuya, K., Aboyans, V.,.. Murray, C., (2012). Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 380, 2095–2128.10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
42. Machtinger, E. L., Haberer, J. E., Wilson, T. C., & Weiss, D. S., (2012b). Recent trauma is associated with antiretroviral failure & HIV transmission risk behavior among HIV-positive women and female-Identified transgenders. AIDS and Behaviour. doi:10.1007/s10461-012-0158-5.
43. Machtinger, E. L., Wilson, T. C., Haberer, J. E., & Weiss, D. S., (2012a). Psychological trauma and PTSD in HIV-positive women:A meta-analysis. AIDS and Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10461-011-0127-4.
44. Mbagaya, C., Oburu, P., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., (2013). Child physical abuse and neglect in Kenya, Zambia and the Netherlands:A cross-cultural comparison of prevalence, psychopathological sequelae and mediation by PTSS. International Journal of Psychology, 48, 95–107.10.1080/00207594.2012.691975
45. Mendonca, R. N., Alves, J. G., & Cabral Filho, J. E., (1999). Hospital costs due to violence against children and adolescents in Pernambuco State Brazil during 1999. Cad Saude Publica, 18, 1577–1581.
46. Mercy, J. A., Hillis, S., Butchart, A., Bellis, M. A., Ward, C., Fang, X., & Rosenberg, M. L., (2016). Interpersonal violence:Global burden and paths to prevention. In Disease control priorities in developing countries (3rd ed.).
47. Mercy, J. A., Saul, J., & Hillis, S., (2013). The importance of integrating efforts to prevent violence against woman and children. Research Watch. UNICEF Office of Research. Retrieved from http://www.unicef-irc.org/research-watch/Violence-against-children–a-silent-threat/983/
48. Norton, R., & Kobusingye, O., (2013). Injuries. New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 1723–1730.10.1056/NEJMra1109343
49. PEPFAR (The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief). (2012, July). Guidance for orphans and vulnerable children programming. Retreived from http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/195702.pdf
50. PEPFAR (The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) Gender Strategy. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/206633.pdf.
51. Reed, R., Fazel, M., Jones, L., Panter-Brick, C., & Stein, A., (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in low-income and middle-income countries:risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379, 250–265.10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60050-0
52. Reynolds, A. J., Ou, S. R., & Topitzes, J. W., (2004). Paths of effects of early childhood intervention on educational attainment and delinquency:a confirmatory analysis of the chicago child-parent centers. Child Development, 75, 1299–1328.10.1111/cdev.2004.75.issue-5
53. Reza, A., Breiding, M. J., Gulaid, J., Mercy, J. A., Blanton, C., Mthethwa, Z., … Anderson, M., (2009). Sexual violence and its health consequences for female children in Swaziland:a cluster survey study. The Lancet, 373, 1966–1972.10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60247-6
54. Robbins, C. L., Zapata, L., Kissin, D. M., Shevchenko, N., Yorick, R., Skipalska, H., … Hillis, S.D., (2010). Multi-city HIV seroprevalence in street youth, Ukraine. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 21, 489–496.
55. Scivoletto, S., da Silva, T. F., & Rosenheck, R. A., (2011). Child psychiatry takes to the streets:A developmental partnership between a university institute and children and adolescents from the streets of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35, 89–95.10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.11.003
56. Silverman, J. G., Cheng, D. M., Decker, M. R., Coleman, S., Bridden, C., Pardeshi, M., … Samet, J. H., (2011). Sex trafficking and initiation-related violence, alcohol use, and HIV risk among HIV-infected female sex workers in Mumbai, India. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204, S1229–S1234.10.1093/infdis/jir540
57. Silverman, J. G., Michele, R., Decker, M. R., Heather, L., McCauley, M. S., Katelyn, P., & Mack, A., (2009). Regional assessment of sex trafficking and STI/HIV in Southeast Asia, Connections between sexual exploitation, violence and sexual risk. UNDP Regional Center, Colombo. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/hivaids/English/SexTrafficking.pdf
58. Stein, A., Desmond, C., Garbarino, J., Van, I. J., Marinus, H., Barbarin, O., … Richter, L. M., (2014). Predicting long-term outcomes for children affected by HIV and AIDS. AIDS, 28, S261–S268.10.1097/QAD.0000000000000328
59. Stoltenborgh, M. A., (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse:meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16, 79–101.10.1177/1077559511403920
60. Stoltenborgh, M. A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Alink, L. R., (2013). Cultural-geographical differences in the occurrence of child physical abuse? A meta-analysis of global prevalence. International Journal of Psychology, 48, 81–94.10.1080/00207594.2012.697165
61. Tharp, A. T., Degue, S., Valle, L. A., Brookmeyer, K. A., Massetti, G. M., & Matjasko, J. L., (2012). A systematic qualitative review of risk and protective factors for sexual violence perpetration. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 14, 133–167.
62. The essential package:Holistically addressing the needs of young vulnerable children and their caregivers affected by HIV/AIDS. (2012). Retrieved June, 2012, from http://www.ecdgroup.com/pdfs/EPBrochure%20Final.pdf
63. UNICEF. (2014). Ending violence against children:Six strategies for action. New York, NY: United Nations Children’s Fund, Programme Division. United Nations. Open Working Group proposal for Sustainable Development Goals.
64. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). (2012). Violence against Children in Kenya:Findings from a National Survey, 2010. Nairobi:United Nations Children’s Fund Kenya Country Office.
65. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science. (2012). Violence against children in Tanzania:Findings from a National Survey 2009. United Republic of Tanzania:United Nations Children’s Fund.
66. U.S. Department of State and USAID. U.S. Strategy to Prevent and Respond to Gender-based Violence Globally. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/196468.pdf
67. Watts, C., Hossain, M., & Zimmerman, C., (2013). War and sexual violence–mental health care for survivors. New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 2152–2154.10.1056/NEJMp1304712
68. Williamson, D. F., Thompson, T. J., Anda, R. F., Dietz, W. H. M., & Felitti, V. J., (2002). Body weight and obesity in adults and self-reported abuse in childhood. International Journal of Obesity, 26, 1075–1082.10.1038/sj.ijo.0802038
69. World Health Organization. (2008). preventing violence and reducing its impact:How development agencies can help. Geneva:World Health Organization.
70. World Health Organization. (2014). WHO global status report on violence prevention 2014. Geneva:World Health Organization.
71. Zapata, L. B., Kissin, D. M., Bogoliubova, O., Yorick, R., Kraft, J. M., Jamieson, D. J., Marchbanks, P. A., & Hillis, S. D., (2013). Orphaned and abused youth are vulnerable to pregnancy and suicide risk. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 310–319.10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.10.005
72. Zapata, L., Kissin, D., Robbins, C., Finnerty, E., Skipalska, H., Yorick, R., … Hillis, S., (2011). Multi-city assessment of lifetime pregnancy involvement among street youth, Ukraine. Journal of Urban Health, 88, 779–792.10.1007/s11524-011-9596-z
73. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and Collaborating Centre for Operational Research and Evaluation (CCORE). (2013). National Baseline Survey on Life Experiences of Adolescents, 2011.