Separation and recovery of critical metal ions using ionic liquids

Advances in Manufacturing

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 33-46

  Makanyire, Terence ^a   Sanchez Segado, Sergio ^a   Jha, Animesh ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Critical metals; Ionic liquids (ILs); Niobium; Rare earth elements (REEs); Scandium; Tantalum; Vanadium

Indexed keywords

EID: 84961125218     PISSN: 20953127     EISSN: 21953597     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40436-015-0132-3     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. European Commission (2014) Critical raw materials for the EU. Available from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/files/docs/report-b_en.pdf. Accessed 28 Sept 2014
2. Nuss P, Eckelman M (2014) Life cycle assessment of metals: a scientific synthesis. PLoS One 9(7):e101298
3. Koltun P, Tharumarajah A (2014) Life cycle impact of rare-earth elements. ISRN Metall 2014:1–10
4. Massari S, Ruberti M (2013) Rare-earth elements as critical raw materials: focus on international markets and future strategies. Resour Policy 38(1):36–43
5. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) (2005) Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry. RSC Publishing, Cambridge
6. Gupta C, Krishnamurthy N (2005) Extractive metallurgy of rare-earths. CRC Press, Boca Raton
7. Jordens A, Cheng Y, Waters K (2013) A review of the beneficiation of rare earth element bearing minerals. Miner Eng 41:97–114
8. Habashi F (1997) Handbook of extractive metallurgy. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
9. Wang W, Pranolo Y, Cheng C (2011) Metallurgical processes for scandium recovery from various resources: a review. Hydrometallurgy 108(1–2):100–108
10. Wagh A, Pinnock W (1987) Occurrence of scandium and rare-earth elements in Jamaican bauxite waste. Econ Geol 82(3):757–761
11. Ochsenkühn-Petropulu M, Lyberopulu T, Parissakis G (1994) Direct determination of lanthanides, yttrium and scandium in bauxites and red mud from alumina production. Anal Chim Acta 296(3):305–313
12. International Lead and Zinc Study Group, International Nickel Study Group and International Copper Study Group (2013) Study of by-products of copper, lead, zinc and nicke. Available from https://connect.innovateuk.org/documents/2865354/3895467/Study+of+By-Products+of+Copper,%20Lead,%20Nickel+%26+Zinc/2703f24f-14c6-4038-abb4-fb4f215327c6. Accessed 27 Apr 2015
13. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) International Resource Panel (2011) Recycling rates of metals: a status report
14. Binnemans K, Jones P, Blanpain B et al (2013) Recycling of rare-earths: a critical review. J Clean Prod 51:1–22
15. Pohl W (2011) Economic geology. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester
16. Siirama L (2009) The Sokli mine project. Fennoskandian mining and exploration congress. Fennoskandian Mining and Exploration Congress, Rovaniemi
17. Zelikman A, Kreĭn O, Samsonov G (1966) Metallurgy of rare metals: metallurgiva redkikh metallov. Jerusalem: Israel program for scientific translations. Available from the U S Dept. of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield
18. British Geological Survey (BGS) (2011) Mineral profile: niobium–tantalum. British Geological Survey, Nottingham
19. US Geological Survey (USGS) (2014) Mineral commodity summaries 2014: US Geological Survey, p 196
20. Dewhurst P (2013) Molybdenum and vanadium: key metals in titanium alloys. Roskill consulting group Ltd
21. US Geological Survey (2013) Mineral commodity summaries 2013: US Geological Survey, 198 p
22. Rydberg J (2004) Solvent extraction principles and practice. M. Dekker, New York
23. Wellens S (2014) Ionic liquid technology in metal refining: dissolution of metal oxides and separation by solvent extraction. Dissertation, KU Leuven Belgium
24. Izgorodina E, Bernard U, Dean P et al (2009) The madelung constant of organic salts. Cryst Growth Des 9(11):4834–4839
25. Laus G, Bentivoglio G, Schottenberger H et al (2005) Ionic liquids: current developments, potential and drawbacks for industrial applications. Lenzinger Berichte 84:71–85
26. Tian G, Li J, Hua Y (2010) Application of ionic liquids in hydrometallurgy of nonferrous metals. Trans Nonferr Metals Soc China 20(3):513–520
27. Regel-Rosocka M, Wisniewski M (2011) Ionic liquids in separation of metal ions from aqueous solutions. In: Handy S (ed) Applications of ionic liquids in science and technology. InTech, pp 375–398
28. Pham TPT, Cho CW, Yun YS (2010) Environmental fate and toxicity of ionic liquids: a review. Water Res 44(2):352–372
29. Ventura SPM, Marques CS, Rosatella AA et al (2012) Toxicity assessment of various ionic liquid families towards Vibrio fischeri marine bacteria. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 76(2):162–168
30. Xie F, Zhang TA, Dreisinger D et al (2014) A critical review on solvent extraction of rare earths from aqueous solutions. Miner Eng 56(2):10–28
31. Shimojo K, Kurahashi K, Naganawa H (2008) Extraction behavior of lanthanides using a diglycolamide derivative TODGA in ionic liquids. Dalton Trans 252(37):5083–5088
32. Jensen M, Neuefeind J, Beitz J et al (2003) Mechanisms of metal ion transfer into room-temperature ionic liquids: the role of anion exchange. J Am Chem Soc Jacs 125(50):15466–15473
33. 6 as extracting phase. Ind Eng Chem Res 47(7):2349–2355
34. Belova VV, Voshkin AA, Egorova NS et al (2010) Extraction of rare earth metals from nitrate solutions with a binary extractant based on Cyanex 272. Russ J Inorg Chem 55(4):629–633
35. Rout A, Venkatesan KA, Srinivasan TG et al (2012) Ionic liquids extractans in molecular diluents: extraction behaviour of europium(III) in quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids. Sep Purif Technol 95(7):26–31
36. Valdés-Vergara M, Lijanova I, Likhanova NV et al (2015) Recycling and recovery of ammonium-based ionic liquids after extraction of metal cations from aqueous solutions. Sep Purif Technol 155:110–117
37. Sun X, Ji Y, Guo L et al (2011) A novel ammonium ionic liquid based extraction strategy for separating scandium from yttrium and lanthanides. Sep Purif Technol 81(1):25–30
38. Castillo J, Coll MT, Fortuny A et al (2014) Cu(II) extraction using quaternary ammonium and quaternary phosphonium based ionic liquid. Hydrometallurgy 141(2):89–96
39. Li D, Wang Z, Song W et al (1994) Recommended separation processes for ion-absorbed rare earth minerals. Hydrometallurgy 94:627–634
40. Preston JS, Cole PM, Craig WM et al (1996) The recovery of rare earth oxides from a phosphoric acid by-product. Part 1: leaching of rare-earth values and recovery of a mixed rare-earth oxide by solvent extraction. Hydrometallurgy 41(1):1–19
41. Preston JS, Cole PM, du Preez AC et al (1996) The recovery of rare-earth oxides from a phosphoric acid by-product. Part 2: the preparation of high-purity cerium dioxide and recovery of a heavy rare-earth oxide concentrate. Hydrometallurgy 41(1):21–44
42. Preston JS, du Preez AC, Cole PM et al (1996) The recovery of rare-earth oxides from a phosphoric acid by-product. Part 3: the separation of the middle and light rare-earth fractions and the preparation of pure europium oxide. Hydrometallurgy 42(2):131–149
43. Reddy MLP, Prasada RT, Damodaran AD (1993) Liquid-liquid extraction processes for the separation and purification of rare earths. Miner Process Extr Metall Rev 12(2–4):91–113
44. Sato T (1989) Liquid-liquid extraction of rare-earth elements from aqueous acid solutions by acid organophosphorus compounds. Hydrometallurgy 22(1–2):121–140
45. Sun X, Luo H, Dai S (2012) Solvent extraction of rare-earth ions based on functionalized ionic liquids. Talanta 90(1):132–137
46. Yang F, Kubota F, Baba Y et al (2013) Selective extraction and recovery of rare earth metals from phosphor powders in waste fluorescent lamps using an ionic liquid system. J Hazard Mater 254–255:79–88
47. Rout A, Binnemans K (2014) Liquid-liquid extraction of europium(III) and other trivalent rare-earth ions using non-fluorinated functionalized ionic liquid. Dalton Trans 43(4):1862–1872
48. Sang JY, Lee JG, Tajima H (2010) Extraction of lanthanide ions from aqueous solution by bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid with room-temperature ionic liquids. J Ind Eng Chem 16(3):350–354
49. Rout A, Kotlarska J, Dehaen W et al (2013) Liquid–liquid extraction of neodymium(III) by dialkylphosphate ionic liquids from acidic medium: the importance of the ionic liquid cation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(39):16533–16541
50. Yang F, Kubota F, Kamiya N et al (2013) Extraction of rare-earth ions with an 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative in an ionic liquid. Solv Extr Res Dev, Jpn 20:123–129
51. Zhang P, You S, Zhang L et al (1997) A solvent extraction process for the preparation of ultrahigh purity scandium oxide. Hydrometallurgy 47(1):47–56
52. Li D, Wang C (1998) Solvent extraction of scandium(III) by Cyanex 923 and Cyanex 925. Hydrometallurgy 48(3):301–312
53. Wang W, Pranolo Y, Cheng YC (2013) Recovery of scandium from synthetic red mud leach solutions by solvent extraction with D2EHPA. Sep Purif Technol 108(16):96–102
54. Dalvi MB, Khopkar SM (1979) Solvent extraction of scandium from malonic acid with high molecular-weight amines. Talanta 26(9):892–894
55. Fujinaga K, Yoshimori M, Nakajima Y et al (2013) Separation of Sc(III) from ZrO(II) by solvent extraction using oxidized Phoslex DT-8. Hydrometallurgy 133(2):33–36
56. 5 and their mixture in highly concentrated KOH solution. Hydrometallurgy 80(1–2):126–131
57. Zhou H, Zheng S, Zhang Y (2005) Leaching of a low-grade niobium–tantalum ore by highly concentrated caustic potash solution. Hydrometallurgy 80(1–2):83–89
58. 2O system. Trans Nonferr Metals Soc China 20(10):2006–2011
59. Yang XL, Wang XH, Wei C et al (2013) Decomposition of niobium ore by sodium hydroxide fusion method. Metall Mater Trans B 44(1):45–52
60. Packer KJ, Muetterties EL (1963) Nature of viobium(V) fluoride species in solution. J Am Chem Soc 85(19):3035–3036
61. Baumann EW (1972) Investigation of the tantalum fluoride system using the fluoride-selective electrode. J Inorg Nucl Chem 34(2):687–695
62. Zhu Z, Cheng CY (2011) Solvent extraction technology for the separation and purification of niobium and tantalum: a review. Hydrometallurgy 107(1–2):1–12
63. Okada T (2001) Manufacturing of special niobium oxides for optical and ceramic applications. In: International symposium on niobium, pp 175–183
64. Agulyansky A (2004) The chemistry of tantalum and niobium fluoride compounds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 339–340
65. Nishimura S, Moriyama J, Kushima I (1964) Behaviors of Sn, Ti and Fe in liquid-liquid extraction of Nb and Ta. Trans Jpn Inst Met 5(1):32–38
66. Nishimura S, Moriyama J, Kushima I (1964) extraction and separation of tantalum and niobium by liquid-liquid extraction in the HF-H2SO4-TBP system. Trans Jpn Inst Met 5(1):39–42
67. Giridhar P, Abedin SZE, Bund A et al (2014) Electrodeposition of niobium from 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 129(16):312–317
68. Mascia M, Vacca A, Mais L et al (2014) Electrochemical deposition of Cu and Nb from pyrrolidinium based ionic liquid. Thin Solid Films 571:325–331
69. Maho A, Delhalle J, Mekhalif Z (2013) Study of the formation process and the characteristics of tantalum layers electrodeposited on nitinol plates in the 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 89(1):346–358
70. Babushkina OB, Ekres S (2010) Spectroscopic study of the electrochemical behaviour of tantalum(V) chloride and oxochloride species in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride. Electrochim Acta 56(2):867–877
71. Alibrahim M, Shlewit H, Alike S (2008) Solvent extraction of Vanadium (IV) with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tributyl phosphate. Period Polytech Chem Eng 52(1):29–33
72. Li X, Deng Z, Wei C et al (2015) Solvent extraction of vanadium from a stone coal acidic leach solution using D2EHPA/TBP: continuous testing. Hydrometallurgy 154:40–46
73. Hu G, Chen D, Wang L et al (2014) Extraction of vanadium from chloride solution with high concentration of iron by solvent extraction using D2EHPA. Sep Purif Technol 125(14):59–65
74. Deng ZG, Wei C, Fan G et al (2010) Extracting vanadium from stone-coal by oxygen pressure acid leaching and solvent extraction. Trans Nonferr Met Soc China 20(S1):s118–s122
75. Jayadas S, Reddy ML (2002) Solvent extraction separation of vanadium(V) from multivalent metal chloride solutions using 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 77(10):1149–1156
76. Li X, Wei C, Wu J et al (2012) Thermodynamics and mechanism of vanadium(IV) extraction from sulphate medium with D2EHPA, EHEHPA and CYANEX 272 in kerosene. Trans Nonferr Met Soc China 22(2):461–466
77. Zhao J, Hu Q, Li Y et al (2015) Efficient separation of vanadium from chromium by a novel ionic liquid-based synergistic extraction strategy. Chem Eng J 264:487–496
78. Cui Z, Muralidhara H (2010) Membrane technology. Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
79. Scott K (1995) Handbook of industrial membranes. Elsevier Advanced Technology, Oxford
80. Kocherginsky NM, Yang Q, Seelam L (2007) Recent advances in supported liquid membrane technology. Sep Purif Technol 53(2):171–177
81. Lozano LJ, Godínez C, Ríos APDL et al (2011) Recent advances in supported ionic liquid membrane technology. J Membr Sci 376(1–2):1–14
82. Ríos APDL, Hernández-Fernández FJ, Lozano LJ et al (2013) On the selective separation of metal ions from hydrochloride aqueous solution by pertraction through supported ionic liquid membranes. J Membr Sci 444(1):469–481
83. Yang XJ, Gu ZM, Fane AG (1999) Multicomponent separation by a combined extraction/electrostatic pseudo-liquid membrane (II): extraction and group separation of rare earths from simulated rare-earth ore leach solutions. Hydrometallurgy 53(1):19–29
84. Yaftian MR, Burgard M, Dieleman CB et al (1998) Rare-earth metal-ion separation using a supported liquid membrane mediated by a narrow rim phosphorylated calix[4]arene. J Membr Sci 144(1–2):57–64
85. Zhu LL, Guo L, Zhang ZJ et al (2012) The preparation of supported ionic liquids (SILs) and their application in rare metals separation. Sci China Chem 55(08):1479–1487
86. Wannachod T, Leepipatpiboon N, Pancharoen U et al (2014) Separation and mass transport of Nd(III) from mixed rare earths via hollow fiber supported liquid membrane: experiment and modeling. Chem Eng J 248:158–167
87. Nakayama C, Uemiya S, Kojima T (1995) Separation of rare earth metals using a supported liquid membrane with DTPA. J Alloy Compd 225(1–2):288–290
88. Chitra KR, Gaikwad AG, Surender GD et al (1997) Studies on ion transport of some rare-earth elements through solvating extractants immobilised on supported liquid membrane. J Membr Sci 125(2):257–268
89. Yang F, Kubota F, Baba Y et al (2013) Selective extraction and recovery of rare earth metals from phosphor powders in waste fluorescent lamps using an ionic liquid system. J Hazard Mater 254(12):79–88
90. Kubota F, Shimobori Y, Koyanagi Y et al (2010) Uphill transport of rare-earth metals through a highly stable supported liquid membrane based on an ionic liquid. Anal Sci Int J Jpn Soc Anal Chem 26(3):289–290
91. Baba Y, Kubota F, Kamiya N et al (2011) Recent advances in extraction and separation of rare-earth metals using ionic liquids. J Chem Eng Jpn 44(10):679–685
92. Yang XJ, Gu ZM, Wang DX (1995) Extraction and separation of scandium from rare-earths by electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane. J Membr Sci 106(1–2):131–145
93. Campderrós ME, Marchese J (2010) Facilitated transport of niobium(V) and tantalum(V) with supported liquid membrane using TBP as carrier. J Membr Sci 164(99):205–210
94. Campderrós ME, Marchese J (2001) Transport of niobium(V) through a TBP–Alamine 336 supported liquid membrane from chloride solutions. Hydrometallurgy 61(2):89–95
95. Buachuang D, Ramakul P, Leepipatpiboon N et al (2011) Mass transfer modeling on the separation of tantalum and niobium from dilute hydrofluoric media through a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane. J Alloy Compd 509(39):9549–9557
96. Palet C, Muñoz M, Hidalgo M et al (1995) Transport of vanadium(V) through a tricaprylylmethylammonium solid supported liquid membrane from aqueous acetic acid/acetate solutions. J Membr Sci 98(3):241–248
97. Chaudry MA, Bukhari N, Mazhar M (2007) Vanadium(V) ions transport through tri-n-octyl amine cyclohexane supported liquid membranes. Sep Purif Technol 54(2):227–233
98. Yadav SV, Mahajani VV (2007) Liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) process for vanadium (IV) enrichment: process intensification. Sep Sci Technol 42(6):1283–1303
99. Nosrati S, Jayakumar NS, Hashim MA et al (2013) Performance evaluation of vanadium (IV) transport through supported ionic liquid membrane. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 44(3):337–342
100. Albright L (2009) Albright’s chemical engineering handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 709–715
101. Brennecke JF, Maginn EJ (2001) Ionic liquids: innovative fluids for chemical processing. AIChE J 47(11):2384–2389
102. Khupse ND, Kumar A (2010) Ionic liquids: new materials with wide applications. Indian J Chem 49(5–6):635–648
103. Letcher T (2007) Thermodynamics, solubility and environmental issues. Elsevier, Amsterdam
104. Atkins MP, Davey P, Fitzwater G et al (2004) Ionic liquids: a map for industrial innovation. Report Q001, January 2004. QUILL, Belfast
105. Fitzwater G, Geissler W, Moulton R et al (2005) Ionic liquids: sources of innovation, report Q002. QUILL, Belfast
106. Chemical Industry Vision 2020 Technology Partnership (2004) Accelerating ionic liquid commercialization. Research Needs to Advance New Technology, pp 1–40