HIV infection among persons who inject drugs: Ending old epidemics and addressing new outbreaks

AIDS

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 815-825

  Des Jarlais, Don C ^a   Kerr, Thomas ^b   Carrieri, Patrizia ^c   Feelemyer, Jonathan ^a   Arasteh, Kamyar ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b BRITISH COLUMBIA CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE IN HIV AIDS   (Canada)

^c AIX MARSEILLE UNIV   (France)

Author keywords

combined prevention; drug injection; HIV; persons who inject drugs

Indexed keywords

CANADA; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DRUG ABUSE; EPIDEMIC; FRANCE; GREECE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVALENCE; INJECTION; IRELAND; ISRAEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UNITED STATES; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; COMPLICATION; HEALTH; HIV INFECTIONS; PROCEDURES; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; GLOBAL HEALTH; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE, INTRAVENOUS;

EID: 84960419712     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: 14735571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001039     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. CDC. First Report of AIDS. In: MMWRWeekly Report. Edited by CDC. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control; 1981.
2. Aceijas C, Rhodes T. Global estimates of prevalence of HCV infection among injecting drug users. Int J Drug Policy 2007; 18: 352-358.
3. Mathers BM, Degenhardt L, Phillips B, Wiessing L, Hickman M, Strathdee SA, et al. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. Lancet 2008; 372: 1733-1745.
4. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2015. Vienna; 2015.
5. Des Jarlais DC, McKnight C, Arasteh K, Feelemyer J, Perlman DC, Hagan H, et al. Transitions from injecting to noninjecting drug use: potential protection against HCV infection. J Subst Abuse Treat 2014; 46: 325-331.
6. Jolley E, Rhodes T, Platt L, Hope V, Latypov A, Donoghoe M, et al. HIV among people who inject drugs in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a systematic review with implications for policy. BMJ open 2012; 2: pii: e001465.
7. IHRA. The global state of harm reduction 2014. Edited by Association IHR. London: International Harm Reduction Association; 2014.
8. Friedman TL. The Lexus and the olive tree. New York: Anchor Books; 2000.
9. UNODC. The Global Heroin Market. In: World drug report 2010. Edited by UNODC; 2010.
10. Des Jarlais DC, Semann S. HIV prevention for injecting drug users: the first 25 years and counting. Psychosom Med 2008; 70: 606-611.
11. Vanichseni S, Kitayaporn D, Mastro TD, Mock PA, Raktham S, Des Jarlais DC, et al. Continued high HIV-1 incidence in a vaccine trial preparatory cohort of injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS 2001; 15: 397-405.
12. Eicher A, Crofts N, Benjamin S, Deutschmann P, Roger A A certain fate: spread of HIV among young in jecting drug users in Manipur, North-East India. AIDS Care 2000; 12: 497-504.
13. Strathdee S, Patrick D, Currie SL, Corneliese PGA, Rekart ML, Montaner JSG, et al. Needle exchange is not enough: lessons from the Vancouver injection drug use study. AIDS 1997; 11: F59-F65.
14. Zhao C, Liu Z, Zhao D, Liu Y, Liang J, Tang Y, et al. Drug abuse in China. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004; 1025: 439-445.
15. Hammett TM, Des Jarlais DC, Kling R, Kieu BT, McNicholl JM, Wasinrapee P, et al. Controlling HIV epidemics among injection drug users: eight years of Cross-Border HIV prevention interventions in Vietnam and China. PLoS One 2012; 7: e43141.
16. Uuskula A, Kals M, Rajaleid K, Abel K, Talu A, Ruutel K, et al. High-prevalence and high-estimated incidence of HIV infection among new injecting drug users in Estonia: need for large scale prevention programs. J Public Health 2008; 30: 119-125.
17. Niccolai LM, Verevochkin SV, Toussova OV, White E, Barbour R, Kozlov AP, et al. Estimates of HIV incidence among drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia: continued growth of a rapidly expanding epidemic. Eur J Public Health 2011; 21: 613-619.
18. Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR. HIV infection among intravenous drug users: epidemiology and risk reduction. AIDS 1987; 1: 67-76.
19. Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Choopanya K, Vanichseni S, Ward TP. International epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among injecting drug users. AIDS 1992; 6: 1053-1068.
20. Abdul-Quader AS, Feelemyer J, Modi S, Stein ES, Briceno A, Semaan S, et al. Effectiveness of structural-level needle/syringe programs to reduce HCV and HIV infection among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. AIDS Behav 2013; 17: 2878-2892.
21. Des Jarlais DC, Feelemyer JP, Modi SN, Abdul-Quader A, Hagan H. High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2013; 13: 53.
22. Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 3: CD002209.
23. Wood E, Milloy MJ, Montaner JS. HIV treatment as prevention among injection drug users. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2012; 7: 151-156.
24. Wodak A, Maher L. The effectiveness of harm reduction in preventing HIV among injecting drug users. N S W Public Health Bull 2010; 21: 69-73.
25. Stimson GV. AIDS and injecting drug use in the United Kingdom, 1987-1993: the policy response and the prevention of the epidemic. Soc Sci Med 1995; 41: 699-716.
26. Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Sotheran JL, Wenston J, Marmor M, Yancovitz SR, et al. Continuity and change within an HIV epidemic: injecting drug users in New York City, 1984 through 1992. JAMA 1994; 271: 121-127.
27. Des Jarlais DC, Choopanya K, Millson P, Friedmann P, Friedman S. The structure of stable seroprevalence HIV-1 epidemics among injecting drug uers. In: Stimson G, Des Jarlais DC, Ball A, editors. Drug injecting and HIV infection: global dimensions and local respones London: UCL Press Limited; 1998 .
28. Des Jarlais DC, Arasteh K, McKnight C, Friedman SR. Reducing HIV and HCV transmission among injecting drug users in New York. IHRA, Liverpool; 2010.
29. Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Sotheran JL, Stoneburner R. The sharing of drug injection equipment and the AIDS epidemic in New York City: the first decade. In: Battjes RJ, Pickens RW, editors. Needle Sharing among Intravenous Drug Abusers: National and International Perspectives Rockville, MD: Government Printing Office; 1988. pp. 160-175.
30. Des Jarlais DC, Arasteh K, McKnight C, Feelemyer J, Hagan H, Cooper HL, et al. Providing ART to HIV seropositive persons who use drugs: progress in New York City, prospects forending the epidemic. AIDS Behav 2015; 2: 1-10.
31. Des Jarlais DC, McKnight CM, Feelemyer J, Perlman D, Campbell ANC, Tross S, et al. Consistency in multiple methods for measuring very low HIV incidence among people who inject drugs in New York City, 2005-2014. Am J Public Health. [Epub ahead of print January 21, 2016: e1-e6]. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.303019.
32. Wood E, Kerr T. What do you do when you hit rock bottom?. Responding to drugs in the city of Vancouver. Int J Drug Policy 2006; 17: 55-60.
33. Office of the Provincial Health Officer. Decreasing HIV infections among people who use drugs by injection in British Columbia: Potential explanations and recommendations for further action. Victoria, Canada: Office of the Provincial Health Officer; 2011.
34. Fischer B. Prescriptions, power and politics: the turbulent history of methadone maintenance in Canada. J Public Health Policy 2000; 1: 187-210.
35. Hyshka E, Strathdee S, Wood E, Kerr T. Needle exchange and the HIV epidemic in Vancouver: lessons learned from 15 years of research. Int J Drug Policy 2012; 23: 261-270.
36. Tyndall MW, Currie S, Spittal P, Li K, Wood E, OShaughnessy MV, et al. Intensive injection cocaine use as the primary risk factor in the Vancouver HIV-1 epidemic. AIDS 2003; 17: 887-893.
37. Kerr T, Small W, Buchner C, Zhang R, Li K, Montaner J, et al. Syringe sharing and HIV incidence among injection drug users and increased access to sterile syringes. Am J Public Health 2010; 100: 1449-1453.
38. Kerr T, Tyndall M, Li K, Montaner J, Wood E. Safer injection facility use and syringe sharing in injection drug users. Lancet 2005; 366: 316-318.
39. Milloy M-J, Wood E, Kerr T, Hogg B, Guillemi S, Harrigan PR, et al. Increased prevalence of controlled viremia and decreased rates of HIV drug resistance among HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs during a community-wide treatment-Asprevention initiative. Clin Infect Dis 2015; pii: civ929.
40. Wood E, Kerr T, Marshall BD, Li K, Zhang R, Hogg RS, et al. Longitudinal community plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations and incidence of HIV-1 among injecting drug users: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2009; 338: b1649.
41. Ahamad K, Hayashi K, Nguyen P, Dobrer S, Kerr T, Schütz CG, et al. Effect of low-Threshold methadone maintenance therapy for people who inject drugs on HIV incidence in Vancouver, BC, Canada: an observational cohort study. Lancet HIV 2015; 2: e445-e450.
42. Urban Health Research Initiative. Drug situation in Vancouver. BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS; 2013.
43. Ingold FR, Toussirt M. Les attitudes et les pratiques des usagers de drogues confrontés aux risques de contamination par le virus de limmunodéficience humaine (VIH) et les virus des hépatites B et C. Bull Acad Natl Med 1997; 181: 555-568.
44. Hamers FF, Batter V, Downs AM, Alix J, Cazein F, Brunet JB. The HIV epidemic associated with injecting drug use in Europe: geographic and time trends. AIDS 1997; 11: 1365-1374.
45. Richardson C, Ancelle-Park R, Papaevangelou G. Factors associated with HIV seropositivity in European injecting drug users. The European Community Study Group on HIV in Injecting Drug Users. AIDS 1993; 7: 1485-1491.
46. Desenclos JC, Papaevangelou G, Ancelle-Park R. Knowledge of HIV serostatus and preventive behaviour among European injecting drug users. The European Community Study Group on HIV in Injecting Drug Users. AIDS 1993; 7: 1371-1377.
47. Le Vu S, Le Strat Y, Cazein F, Pillonel J, Bousquet V, Semaille C, et al. Estimation de lincidence de linfection par le VIH en France à laide du test dinfection récente. Institut de veille sanitaire; 2009.
48. Emmanuelli J, Desenclos J. Harm reduction interventions, behaviours and associated health outcomes in France, 1996-2003. Addiction 2005; 100: 1690-1700.
49. Carrieri M, Amass L, Lucas G, Vlahov D, Wodak A, Woody G. Buprenorphine use: the international experience. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43: S197-215.
50. OFDT. Maintenance treatment for opioid addiction in France from 1996 to 2001. Paris, France: French Monitoring Center for Drug and Drug Addiction; 2002.
51. Valenciano M, Emmanuelli J, Lert F. Unsafe injecting practices among attendees of syringe exchange programmes in France. Addiction 2001; 96: 597-606.
52. Emmanuelli J. Usagers de drogues: le point sur lévolution des pratiques. Transcriptase 1997; 61: 27-29.
53. Cazein F, Barin F, Le Strat Y, Pillonel J, Le Vu S, Lot F, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of individuals with undiagnosed HIV infection in France: evidence from a survey on hepatitis B and C seroprevalence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 60: e114-117.
54. Jauffret-Roustide M, Pillonel J, Weill-Barillet L, Léon L, Le Strat Y, Brunet S, et al. Estimation de la séroprévalence du VIH et de lhépatite C chez les usagers de drogues en France - premiers résultats de lenquête ANRS-Coquelicot 2011. BEH 2013; 39-40: 504-509.
55. Jauffret-Roustide M, Couturier E, Le Strat Y, Barin F, Emmanuelli J, Semaille C, et al. Estimation de la séroprévalence du VIH et du VHC et profils des usagers de drogues en France, étude InVS-ANRS Coquelicot, 2004. BEH 2006; 33: 244-247.
56. Costes JM, Vaissade L, Colasante E, Palle P, Legleye S, Janssen E, et al. Prévalence de lusage problématique de drogues en France estimations 2006. In: Consommations et conséquences. OFDT; 2009.
57. Roux P, Carrieri M, Villes V, Dellamonica P, Poizot-Martin I, Ravaux I, et al. The impact of methadone or buprenorphine treatment and ongoing injection on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence: evidence from the MANIF2000 cohort study. Addiction 2008; 103: 1828-1836.
58. Roux P, Carrieri MP, Cohen J, Ravaux I, Poizot-Martin I, Dellamonica P, et al. Retention in opioid substitution treatment: a major predictor of long-Term virological success for HIV-infected injection drug users receiving antiretroviral treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: 1433-1440.
59. DeBeck K, Kerr T, Bird L, Zhang R, Marsh D, Tyndall M, et al. Injection drug use cessation and use of North Americas first medically supervised safer injecting facility. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 113: 172-176.
60. Small W, Van Borek N, Fairbairn N, Wood E, Kerr T. Access to health and social services for IDU: the impact of a medically supervised injection facility. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009; 28: 341-346.
61. Wood E, Tyndall MW, Stoltz J-A, Small W, Zhang R, Connell J, et al. Safer injecting education for HIV prevention within a medically supervised safer injecting facility. Int J Drug Policy 2005; 16: 281-284.
62. Roux P, Le Gall JM, Debrus M, Protopopescu C, Demoulin B, Lions C, et al. Innovative community-based educational faceto-face intervention to reduce HIV, HCV and other bloodborne infectious risks in difficult-To-reach people who inject drugs: results from the ANRS-AERLI intervention study. Addiction 2015.
63. Des Jarlais DC, Perlis T, Arasteh K, Torian LV, Beatrice S, Milliken J, et al. HIV incidence among injection drug users in New York City, 1990 to 2002: use of serologic test algorithm to assess expansion of HIV prevention services. Am J Public Health 2005; 95: 1439-1444.
64. Van Den Berg C, Smit C, Van Brussel G, Coutinho R, Prins M. Full participation in harm reduction programmes is associated with decreased risk for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: evidence from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies among drug users. Addiction 2007; 102: 1454-1462.
65. Mehta SH, Galai N, Astemborski J, Celentano DD, Strathdee SA, Vlahov D, et al. HIV incidence among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland (1988-2004). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43: 368-372.
66. Huang Y-F, Yang J-Y, Nelson KE, Kuo H-S, Lew-Ting C-Y, Yang C-H, et al. Changes in HIV incidence among people who inject drugs in Taiwan following introduction of a harm reduction program: a study of two cohorts. PLoS Med 2014; 11: e1001625.
67. van Ameijden EJ, Coutinho RA. Large decline in injecting drug use in Amsterdam, 1986-1998: explanatory mechanisms and determinants of injecting transitions. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55: 356-363.
68. Walthall J. HIV in Southeastern Indiana: Lessons learned from an unprecedented outbreak. Edited by Indiana State Department of Health; 2015.
69. EMCDDA. HIV outbreak among injecting drug users in Greece. In: An updated report for the EMCDDA on the recent outbreak of HIV infections among drug injectors in Greece, 2012.
70. Malliori M, Terzidou M, Paraskevis D, Hatzakis A. HIV/AIDS among IDUs in Greece: Report of a recent outbreak and initial response policies. Edited by EMCDDA; 2011.
71. Sypsa V, Nikolopoulos G, Paraskevis D, Katsoulidou A, Kantzanou M, Psichogiou M, et al. Trends in HIV-1 incidence during an outbreak among injecting drug users in Athens, Greece: results of a sero-behavioral survey (ARISTOTLE program). 20th International AIDS Conference, Melbourne, Australia; 2014.
72. Health Protection Surveillance Centre. HIV in Ireland - 2014 Report. Dublin, Republic of Ireland: Health protection Surveillance Centre; 2015.
73. Giese C, Igoe D, Gibbons Z, Hurley C, Stokes S, McNamara S, et al. Injection of new psychoactive substance snow blow associated with recently acquired HIV infections among homeless people who inject drugs in Dublin, Ireland, 2015. Euro Surveill 2015.
74. Mell H. HIV outbreak related to injection of new psychoactive substances in Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv: Israel Anti-Drug Authority; 2013.