Prescriptions, power and politics: The turbulent history of methadone maintenance in Canada

Journal of Public Health Policy

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 187-210

  Fischer, Benedikt ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ILLICIT DRUG; METHADONE;

CANADA; DRUG DEPENDENCE; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; PRESCRIPTION; REVIEW; SOCIAL INTERACTION; UNITED STATES;

CANADA; HEROIN DEPENDENCE; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; METHADONE; POLITICS; PRESCRIPTIONS, DRUG;

EID: 0034086062     PISSN: 01975897     EISSN: 1745655X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3343343     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Solomon, R., &Green, M. “The First Century: The History of Nonmedical Opiate Use and Control Policies in Canada, 1870-1970,” in J. C. Blackwell&cP. G. Erickson, eds. Illicit Drugs in Canada: A Risky Business.Toronto: Nelson Canada, 1988, pp. 88-116.
2. Smart, R. G.Forbidden Highs: The Nature, Treatment, and Prevention of Illicit Drug Abuse.Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1983.
3. Cook, S. “Canadian Narcotics Legislation 1908-1923: A Conflict Model Interpretation,”Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology,6(1) (1969).
4. Solomon, R. “The Evolution of Non-medical Opiate Use in Canada-Partll: 1930-1970,”Drug Forum,6 (1977-78): 1-25.
5. Fischer, B. “The Battle for a New Canadian Drug Law: A Legal Basis for Harm Reduction or a New Rhetoric for Prohibition? A Chronology,” in P. G. Erickson, D. M. Riley, Y. W. Cheung,&cP. O’Hare, eds., Harm Reduction: A New Direction for Drug Policies and Programs.Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997, pp. 47-68.
6. Musto, D. F.The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control.New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
7. Lindesmith, A. R.The Addict and the Law.Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965.
8. Giffen, J., Endicott, S., &Lambert, S.Panic and Indifference-The Politics of Canada's Drug Law.Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 1991.
9. Marsden, J., Gossop, M., Farrell, M., and Strang, J. “Opioid Substitution: Critical Issues and Future Directions,”Journal of Drug Issues, 28 (1998): 243-64.
10. Halliday, R. “Management of the Narcotic Addict.”British Columbia Medical Journal,5 (1963): 412-14.
11. Paulus, I., &Halliday, R. “Rehabilitation and the Narcotic Addict: Results of a Comparative Methadone Withdrawal Program,”Canadian Medical Association Journal,96 (1967): 655-59.
12. Williams, H. R. “Low and High Methadone Maintenance in the OutPatient Treatment of the Hard Core Heroin Addict,”The International Journal of the Addictions,5 (1970): 439-47.
13. Dole, V. P., &Nyswander, M. E. “Methadone Maintenance and Its Implication for Theories of Narcotic Addiction,”The Addictive States: Proceedings of the Association, December2and3,1966, New York, N.Y.Baltimore: The Williams &Wilkins Company, 1968, pp. 359-66.
14. Archibald, D. H.A Voyage of Discovery.Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1990.
15. Ferguson, J.K.W., Ettinger, G. H., Joron, G. E., Lederman, J. J., &MacKenzie, D. J. “Good Medical Practice in the Care of the Narcotic Addict.”Canadian Medical Association Journal,92 (1965): 1040-43.
16. Rosenbaum, M. “The De-Medicalization of Methadone Maintenance,” in P. G. Erickson, D. Riley, Y. Cheung, W., &P. O’Hare, eds. Harm Reduction: A New Direction for Drug Policies and Programs.Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997, pp. 69-79.
17. Brecher, E. M.Licit and Illicit Drugs. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1972.
18. Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs.Treatment.Ottawa: Information Canada, 1972.
19. Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs.Final Report.Ottawa: Information Canada, 1973.
20. Fischer, B., &Rehm, J. “The Case for a Heroin Substitution Treatment Trial in Canada,”Canadian Journal of Public Health,88 (1997): 367-70.
21. McKim, T. R., DaSilva, T., Fredericks, G. L., Henderson, I.W.D., LeCav-alier, J. G., Thomas, E., &Wilson, E. V. “Trends in Methadone Use in the Treatment of Opiate Dependence in Canada,” Canadian Journal of Public Health, 68(1977): m-15.
22. Bishop, J. W. Methadone and the Care of the Narcotic Addict: Report of a Special Joint Committee of C.M.A. and the D.N.H.W. Food and Drug Directorate.Canadian Medical Association, 105 (1971): 1193-1201.
23. Jaffe, J.The History and Current Status of Opiate Agonist Treatment.Paper presented at the NIH Consensus Development Conference on Effective Medical Treatment of Heroin Addiction, November 17-19, 1997. Bethesda, Maryland.
24. Institute of Medicine. Federal Regulation of Methadone Treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995.
25. Courtwright, D. T. “A Century of American Narcotic Policy,” in D. R. Gerstein &H. J. Harwood, eds., Treating Drug Problems(Institute of Medicine, Vol. 2). Washington: National Academy Press, 1992.
26. Peachey, J. E.Report for the World Health Organization on Methadone Treatment in Canada(ARF Internal Document No. 25). Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1984.
27. Peachey, J. E., &Franklin, T. “Methadone Treatment of Opiate Dependence in Canada,”British Journal of Addiction,80 (1985): 291-99.
28. toexamine the status of methadone treatment in Canada. Ottawa, 1976.
29. Ball, J., &Ross, A.The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Patients, Programs, Services, and Outcome.New York: Springer, 1991.
30. Boyd, H., Millard, C.J.,&Webster, C. D. “Heroin ‘Treatment’ in British Columbia, 1976-1984: Thesis, Antithesis, and Synthesis?”Canadian Journal of Criminology,27 (1985): 195-208.
31. Alexander, B. K., Beyerstein, B. L., &Maclnnes, T. M. “Methadone Treatment in British Columbia: Bad Medicine?”Canadian Medical Association Journal, 136 (1987): 25-28.
32. Alexander, B. K.Peaceful Measures-Canada's Way out of the “War on Drugs” Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.
33. Bureau of Dangerous Drugs.The Use of Opioids in the Management of Opioid Dependence (Drugs Directorate Guidelines).Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada, 1992.
34. Health Canada.Methadone Maintenance Programs in Canada(unpublished). Ottawa: Health Canada, various years.
35. Health Canada.International Survey on the Use of Methadone in the Treatment of Narcotic Addiction: Summary of Results.Ottawa: Health Canada, 1996.
36. Brands, J., Brands, B., &Marsh, D. “The Expansion of Methadone Prescribing in Ontario, 1996-1997,”Addiction Research(forthcoming).
37. Brands, B., &Marsh, D. C. “Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Canadian Perspective,”Canadian Medical Association, 157 (1997): 399-401.
38. Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction. “Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction,”Journal of the American Medical Association, 280 (1998): 1936-43.