메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 261-270

Needle exchange and the HIV epidemic in Vancouver: Lessons learned from 15 years of research

Author keywords

HIV AIDS; Injection drug use; Needle exchange programs; Policing; Vancouver

Indexed keywords

CANADA; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; DECENTRALIZATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION RISK; INSTRUMENT STERILIZATION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MORBIDITY; PEER REVIEW; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; SEROCONVERSION; SHORT SURVEY; SYRINGE; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 84863855963     PISSN: 09553959     EISSN: 18734758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.03.006     Document Type: Short Survey
Times cited : (56)

References (86)
  • 3
    • 84863839828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Journal of Public Health (2000). Discussion, 90
    • American Journal of Public Health (2000). Discussion, 90, 1385-1396.
    • (2000) , pp. 1385-1396
  • 5
    • 0034672781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating effectiveness of syringe exchange programmes: Current issues and future prospects
    • Bastos F.I., Strathdee S.A. Evaluating effectiveness of syringe exchange programmes: Current issues and future prospects. Social Science & Medicine 2000, 51:1771-1782.
    • (2000) Social Science & Medicine , vol.51 , pp. 1771-1782
    • Bastos, F.I.1    Strathdee, S.A.2
  • 6
    • 0000983835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Needle-exchange programmes are not the answer
    • (Letter)
    • Bellm J. Needle-exchange programmes are not the answer. Lancet 1999, 353:1657-1661. (Letter).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 1657-1661
    • Bellm, J.1
  • 7
    • 0035610613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of a concentrated high-profile police operation: No discernible impact on drug availability, price or purity
    • Best D., Strang J., Beswick T., Gossop M. Assessment of a concentrated high-profile police operation: No discernible impact on drug availability, price or purity. British Journal of Criminology 2001, 41:738-745.
    • (2001) British Journal of Criminology , vol.41 , pp. 738-745
    • Best, D.1    Strang, J.2    Beswick, T.3    Gossop, M.4
  • 8
    • 0034119211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of syringe exchange use on high-risk injection drug users: A cohort study
    • Bluthenthal R.N., Kral A.H., Gee L., Erringer E.A., Edlin B.R. The effect of syringe exchange use on high-risk injection drug users: A cohort study. AIDS 2000, 14:605-611.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 605-611
    • Bluthenthal, R.N.1    Kral, A.H.2    Gee, L.3    Erringer, E.A.4    Edlin, B.R.5
  • 9
    • 0031302658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of law enforcement on syringe exchange programs: A look at Oakland and San Francisco
    • Bluthenthal R.N., Kral A.H., Lorvick J., Watters J.K. Impact of law enforcement on syringe exchange programs: A look at Oakland and San Francisco. Medical Anthropology 1997, 18:61-83.
    • (1997) Medical Anthropology , vol.18 , pp. 61-83
    • Bluthenthal, R.N.1    Kral, A.H.2    Lorvick, J.3    Watters, J.K.4
  • 10
    • 0040524323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Needle exchange, HIV infection and the politics of science: Confroting Canada's cocaine injection epidemic with participant observation
    • Bourgois P., Bruneau J. Needle exchange, HIV infection and the politics of science: Confroting Canada's cocaine injection epidemic with participant observation. Medical Anthropology 2000, 18:325-350.
    • (2000) Medical Anthropology , vol.18 , pp. 325-350
    • Bourgois, P.1    Bruneau, J.2
  • 11
    • 84863814821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BCCDC, Vancouver, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC)
    • British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Communicable disease control: Needle exchange programs 2003, BCCDC, Vancouver.
    • (2003) Communicable disease control: Needle exchange programs
  • 12
    • 0033739686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk behaviour change and HIV infection among injection drug users in Montreal
    • Brogly S.B., Bruneau J., Vincelette J., Lamothe F., Franco E.L. Risk behaviour change and HIV infection among injection drug users in Montreal. AIDS 2000, 14(16):2572-2582.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , Issue.16 , pp. 2572-2582
    • Brogly, S.B.1    Bruneau, J.2    Vincelette, J.3    Lamothe, F.4    Franco, E.L.5
  • 15
    • 0031474246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High rates of HIV infection among drug users participating in needle exchange programs in Montreal: Results of a cohort study
    • Bruneau J., Lamothe F., Franco E., Lachance N., Desy M., Soto J., et al. High rates of HIV infection among drug users participating in needle exchange programs in Montreal: Results of a cohort study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997, 146:994-1002.
    • (1997) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.146 , pp. 994-1002
    • Bruneau, J.1    Lamothe, F.2    Franco, E.3    Lachance, N.4    Desy, M.5    Soto, J.6
  • 16
    • 0002861192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (April 9). The politics of needles and AIDS. Op-Ed. New York Times
    • Bruneau, J. & Schechter, M. T. (1998, April 9). The politics of needles and AIDS. Op-Ed. New York Times. p. A27.
    • (1998)
    • Bruneau, J.1    Schechter, M.T.2
  • 17
    • 1142274241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical science meets moral panic: An analysis of the politics of needle exchange
    • Buchanan D., Shaw S., Ford A., Singer M. Empirical science meets moral panic: An analysis of the politics of needle exchange. Journal of Public Health Policy 2003, 24(3/4):427-444.
    • (2003) Journal of Public Health Policy , vol.24 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 427-444
    • Buchanan, D.1    Shaw, S.2    Ford, A.3    Singer, M.4
  • 18
    • 0026355444 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Amsterdam needle and syringe exchange
    • Burring E.C. Effects of Amsterdam needle and syringe exchange. Substance Use & Misuse 1991, 26(12):1303-1311.
    • (1991) Substance Use & Misuse , vol.26 , Issue.12 , pp. 1303-1311
    • Burring, E.C.1
  • 19
    • 84872427758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancouver drug use epidemiology: Vancouver site report for the Canadian Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (CCENDU). Accessed 22.03.12.
    • Buxton, J. (2005). Vancouver drug use epidemiology: Vancouver site report for the Canadian Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (CCENDU). Accessed 22.03.12. http://vancouver.ca/fourpillars/pdf/report_vancouver_2005.pdf.
    • (2005)
    • Buxton, J.1
  • 20
    • 84872428117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • City of Vancouver Administrative report: Information on needle exchange programs in Vancouver. Accessed 22.03.12.
    • City of Vancouver (1998). Administrative report: Information on needle exchange programs in Vancouver. Accessed 22.03.12. http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/cclerk/980421/a12.htm.
    • (1998)
  • 21
    • 84872427541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • City of Vancouver (2010) survey of low-income housing in the downtown core. Accessed 23.10.11.
    • City of Vancouver (2010). 2009 survey of low-income housing in the downtown core. Accessed 23.10.11. http://vancouver.ca/commsvcs/housing/pdf/2009survey.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 22
    • 0033851779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research, politics, and needle exchange
    • Des Jarlais D.C. Research, politics, and needle exchange. American Journal of Public Health 2000, 90(9):1392-1394.
    • (2000) American Journal of Public Health , vol.90 , Issue.9 , pp. 1392-1394
    • Des Jarlais, D.C.1
  • 24
    • 0032312815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifteen years of research on preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users: What we have learned, what we have not learned, what we have done, and what we have not done
    • Des Jarlais D.C., Friedman S.R. Fifteen years of research on preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users: What we have learned, what we have not learned, what we have done, and what we have not done. Public Health Reports 1998, 113(Suppl. 1):182-188.
    • (1998) Public Health Reports , vol.113 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 182-188
    • Des Jarlais, D.C.1    Friedman, S.R.2
  • 26
    • 0031613967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring harm reduction: The effects of needle and syringe exchange programs and methadone maintenance on the ecology of HIV
    • Drucker E., Lurie P., Wodak A., Alcabes P. Measuring harm reduction: The effects of needle and syringe exchange programs and methadone maintenance on the ecology of HIV. AIDS 1998, 12(Suppl. A):S217-S230.
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. A
    • Drucker, E.1    Lurie, P.2    Wodak, A.3    Alcabes, P.4
  • 28
    • 84872430752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing HIV infections among people who use drugs by injection in British Columbia.
    • Office of the Provincial Health Officer. Accessed 11.03.12.
    • Gilbert, M., Buxton, J., & Tupper K. (2011). Decreasing HIV infections among people who use drugs by injection in British Columbia. Office of the Provincial Health Officer. Accessed 11.03.12. http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2011/decreasing-HIV-in-IDU-population.pdf.
    • (2011)
    • Gilbert, M.1    Buxton, J.2    Tupper, K.3
  • 31
    • 0031836678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syringe exchange in Canada: Good but not enough to stem the HIV tide
    • Hankins C.A. Syringe exchange in Canada: Good but not enough to stem the HIV tide. Substance Use & Misuse 1998, 33(5):1129-1146.
    • (1998) Substance Use & Misuse , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 1129-1146
    • Hankins, C.A.1
  • 32
    • 77955843315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An external evaluation of a peer-run outreach-based syringe exchange in Vancouver, Canada
    • Hayashi K., Wood E., Wiebe L., Qi J., Kerr T. An external evaluation of a peer-run outreach-based syringe exchange in Vancouver, Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy 2010, 21:418-421.
    • (2010) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.21 , pp. 418-421
    • Hayashi, K.1    Wood, E.2    Wiebe, L.3    Qi, J.4    Kerr, T.5
  • 33
    • 0031814083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can syringe exchange serve as a conduit to substance abuse treatment?
    • doi:16/S0740-5472(97)00220-1
    • Heimer R. Can syringe exchange serve as a conduit to substance abuse treatment?. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 1998, 15(3):183-191. doi:16/S0740-5472(97)00220-1.
    • (1998) Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-191
    • Heimer, R.1
  • 34
    • 27644448755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The public health and social impacts of drug market enforcement: A review of the evidence
    • Kerr T., Small W., Wood E. The public health and social impacts of drug market enforcement: A review of the evidence. International Journal of Drug Policy 2005, 16:210-220.
    • (2005) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.16 , pp. 210-220
    • Kerr, T.1    Small, W.2    Wood, E.3
  • 35
    • 33644891603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harm reduction by a " user-run" organization: A case study of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (VANDU)
    • Kerr T., Small W., Peeace W., Douglas D., Pierre A., Wood E. Harm reduction by a " user-run" organization: A case study of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (VANDU). International Journal of Drug Policy 2006, 17:61-69.
    • (2006) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.17 , pp. 61-69
    • Kerr, T.1    Small, W.2    Peeace, W.3    Douglas, D.4    Pierre, A.5    Wood, E.6
  • 36
    • 77954512639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syringe sharing and HIV incidence among injection drug users and increased access to sterile syringes
    • Kerr T., Small W., Buchner C., Zhang R., Li K., Montaner J., et al. Syringe sharing and HIV incidence among injection drug users and increased access to sterile syringes. American Journal of Public Health 2010, 100(8):1449-1453. 10.2105/AJPH. 2009.178467.
    • (2010) American Journal of Public Health , vol.100 , Issue.8 , pp. 1449-1453
    • Kerr, T.1    Small, W.2    Buchner, C.3    Zhang, R.4    Li, K.5    Montaner, J.6
  • 37
    • 4644286631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injection risk behaviours among clients of syringe exchange programs with different syringe dispensation policies
    • Kral A., Anderson R., Flynn N., Bluthenthal R.N. Injection risk behaviours among clients of syringe exchange programs with different syringe dispensation policies. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2004, 37(2):1307-1312.
    • (2004) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 1307-1312
    • Kral, A.1    Anderson, R.2    Flynn, N.3    Bluthenthal, R.N.4
  • 38
    • 0038110130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of needle sharing, lending, and borrowing behaviors of needle exchange program attenders
    • Ksobiech K. A meta-analysis of needle sharing, lending, and borrowing behaviors of needle exchange program attenders. AIDS Education and Prevention 2003, 15(3):257-268.
    • (2003) AIDS Education and Prevention , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-268
    • Ksobiech, K.1
  • 39
    • 33745685960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with buying and selling syringes among injection drug users in a setting of one of North America's largest syringe exchange programs
    • Kuyper L.M., Kerr T., Li K., Hogg R.S., Tyndall M.W., Montaner J.S.G., et al. Factors associated with buying and selling syringes among injection drug users in a setting of one of North America's largest syringe exchange programs. Substance Use & Misuse 2006, 41(6-7):883-899. 10.1080/10826080600668712.
    • (2006) Substance Use & Misuse , vol.41 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 883-899
    • Kuyper, L.M.1    Kerr, T.2    Li, K.3    Hogg, R.S.4    Tyndall, M.W.5    Montaner, J.S.G.6
  • 40
    • 84863839831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New sharing partners encounter places among needle exchange attenders. Abstract 23187 presented at the XII international conference on HIV/AIDS in Geneva, Switzerland.
    • Lamothe, F., Bruneau, J., Franco, E., Lachance, N., Vincelette, J. (1998). New sharing partners encounter places among needle exchange attenders. Abstract 23187 presented at the XII international conference on HIV/AIDS in Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (1998)
    • Lamothe, F.1    Bruneau, J.2    Franco, E.3    Lachance, N.4    Vincelette, J.5
  • 42
    • 0031573714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited commentary: Le mystère de Montréal
    • Lurie P. Invited commentary: Le mystère de Montréal. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997, 146(12):1003-1006.
    • (1997) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.146 , Issue.12 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Lurie, P.1
  • 44
    • 0031040886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An opportunity lost: HIV infections associated with lack of a national needle-exchange programme in the USA
    • Lurie P., Drucker E. An opportunity lost: HIV infections associated with lack of a national needle-exchange programme in the USA. The Lancet 1997, 349(9052):604-608.
    • (1997) The Lancet , vol.349 , Issue.9052 , pp. 604-608
    • Lurie, P.1    Drucker, E.2
  • 47
    • 77949540488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: A systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage
    • Mathers B.M., Degenhardt L., Ali H., Wiessing L., Hickman M., Mattick R.P., et al. HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: A systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage. The Lancet 2010, 375(9719):1014-1028. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60232-2.
    • (2010) The Lancet , vol.375 , Issue.9719 , pp. 1014-1028
    • Mathers, B.M.1    Degenhardt, L.2    Ali, H.3    Wiessing, L.4    Hickman, M.5    Mattick, R.P.6
  • 48
    • 55749095381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: A systematic review
    • Mathers B.M., Degenhardt L., Phillips B., Wiessing L., Hickman M., Strathdee S.A., et al. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: A systematic review. The Lancet 2008, 372(9651):1733-1745. 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61311-2.
    • (2008) The Lancet , vol.372 , Issue.9651 , pp. 1733-1745
    • Mathers, B.M.1    Degenhardt, L.2    Phillips, B.3    Wiessing, L.4    Hickman, M.5    Strathdee, S.A.6
  • 50
    • 30344453045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binge drug use independently predicts HIV seroconversion among injection drug users: Implications for public health strategies
    • Miller C.L., Kerr T., Frankish J.C., Spittal P.M., Li K., Schechter M.T., et al. Binge drug use independently predicts HIV seroconversion among injection drug users: Implications for public health strategies. Substance Use & Misuse 2006, 41:199-210.
    • (2006) Substance Use & Misuse , vol.41 , pp. 199-210
    • Miller, C.L.1    Kerr, T.2    Frankish, J.C.3    Spittal, P.M.4    Li, K.5    Schechter, M.T.6
  • 51
    • 33846685975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with premature mortality among injection drug users in Vancouver
    • Miller C.L., Kerr T., Strathdee S.A., Li K., Wood E. Factors associated with premature mortality among injection drug users in Vancouver. Harm Reduction Journal 2007, 4:1.
    • (2007) Harm Reduction Journal , vol.4 , pp. 1
    • Miller, C.L.1    Kerr, T.2    Strathdee, S.A.3    Li, K.4    Wood, E.5
  • 52
    • 0033864548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and the politics of needle exchange
    • Moss A.R. Epidemiology and the politics of needle exchange. Amercian Journal of Public Health 2000, 90(9.):1385-1387.
    • (2000) Amercian Journal of Public Health , vol.90 , Issue.9 , pp. 1385-1387
    • Moss, A.R.1
  • 53
    • 0033081375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited commentary: Needle exchange-No help for hepatitis?
    • Moss A.R., Hahn J.A. Invited commentary: Needle exchange-No help for hepatitis?. American Journal of Epidemiology 1999, 149(3):214-216.
    • (1999) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.149 , Issue.3 , pp. 214-216
    • Moss, A.R.1    Hahn, J.A.2
  • 55
    • 0033037752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do needle exchange programmes increase the spread of HIV among injection drug users an investigation of the Vancouver outbreak
    • Schechter M.T., Strathdee S.A., Cornelisse P.G.A., Currie S., Patrick D.M., Rekart M.L., et al. Do needle exchange programmes increase the spread of HIV among injection drug users an investigation of the Vancouver outbreak. AIDS 1999, 13(6):F45-F51.
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , Issue.6
    • Schechter, M.T.1    Strathdee, S.A.2    Cornelisse, P.G.A.3    Currie, S.4    Patrick, D.M.5    Rekart, M.L.6
  • 56
    • 41049105052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping violence and policing as an environmental-structural barrier to health service and syringe availability among substance-using women in street-level sex work
    • Shannon K., Rusch M., Shoveller J., Alexson D., Gobson K., Tyndall M.W., et al. Mapping violence and policing as an environmental-structural barrier to health service and syringe availability among substance-using women in street-level sex work. International Journal of Drug Policy 2008, 19(2):140-147.
    • (2008) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 140-147
    • Shannon, K.1    Rusch, M.2    Shoveller, J.3    Alexson, D.4    Gobson, K.5    Tyndall, M.W.6
  • 57
    • 0002135827 scopus 로고
    • Police crackdowns: Initial and residual deterrence
    • Sherman L.W. Police crackdowns: Initial and residual deterrence. Crime and Justice 1990, 12:1-48.
    • (1990) Crime and Justice , vol.12 , pp. 1-48
    • Sherman, L.W.1
  • 58
    • 33644883322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of intensified police activity on injection drug users: Evidence from an ethnographic investigation
    • Small W., Kerr T., Charrette J., Schecter M.T., Spittal P.M. Impacts of intensified police activity on injection drug users: Evidence from an ethnographic investigation. International Journal of Drug Policy 2006, 17:85-95.
    • (2006) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.17 , pp. 85-95
    • Small, W.1    Kerr, T.2    Charrette, J.3    Schecter, M.T.4    Spittal, P.M.5
  • 59
    • 47049106061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in needle exchange use in Vancouver, Canada coincides with the Australian heroin shortage
    • Small W., Wood E., Buchner C., Fair B., Kerr T. Decline in needle exchange use in Vancouver, Canada coincides with the Australian heroin shortage. International Journal of Drug Policy 2008, 19:291-292.
    • (2008) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.19 , pp. 291-292
    • Small, W.1    Wood, E.2    Buchner, C.3    Fair, B.4    Kerr, T.5
  • 60
    • 74749085113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Washington needle depot: Fitting healthcare to injection drug users rather than injection drug users to healthcare: Moving from a syringe exchange to syringe distribution model
    • Small D., Glickman A., Rigter G., Walter T. The Washington needle depot: Fitting healthcare to injection drug users rather than injection drug users to healthcare: Moving from a syringe exchange to syringe distribution model. Harm Reduction Journal 2010, 7:1.
    • (2010) Harm Reduction Journal , vol.7 , pp. 1
    • Small, D.1    Glickman, A.2    Rigter, G.3    Walter, T.4
  • 61
    • 84863811829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A harm reduction paradox: Comparing China's policies on needle and syringe exchange and methadone maintenance.
    • in press. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.09.010
    • Smith, K., Bartlett, N., & Wang, N. A harm reduction paradox: Comparing China's policies on needle and syringe exchange and methadone maintenance. International Journal of Drug Policy, in press. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.09.010.
    • International Journal of Drug Policy
    • Smith, K.1    Bartlett, N.2    Wang, N.3
  • 62
    • 1642573167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How otherwise dedicated AIDS prevention workers come to support state-sponsored shortage of clean syringes in Vancouver, Canada
    • Spittal P., Small W., Wood E., Johnston C., Charette J., Laliberte N., et al. How otherwise dedicated AIDS prevention workers come to support state-sponsored shortage of clean syringes in Vancouver, Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy 2004, 15(1):36-45. 10.1016/S0955-3959(03)00132-4.
    • (2004) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-45
    • Spittal, P.1    Small, W.2    Wood, E.3    Johnston, C.4    Charette, J.5    Laliberte, N.6
  • 63
  • 64
    • 0030785508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social determinants predict needle-sharing behaviour among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada
    • Strathdee S.A., Patrick D.M., Archibald C.P., Ofner M., Cornelisse P.G.A., Rekart M., et al. Social determinants predict needle-sharing behaviour among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada. Addiction 1997, 92(10):1339-1347.
    • (1997) Addiction , vol.92 , Issue.10 , pp. 1339-1347
    • Strathdee, S.A.1    Patrick, D.M.2    Archibald, C.P.3    Ofner, M.4    Cornelisse, P.G.A.5    Rekart, M.6
  • 66
    • 33747000844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating entry into drug treatment among injection drug users referred from a needle exchange program: Results from a community-based behavioral intervention trial
    • doi:16/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.015
    • Strathdee S.A., Ricketts E.P., Huettner S., Cornelius L., Bishai D., Havens J.R., et al. Facilitating entry into drug treatment among injection drug users referred from a needle exchange program: Results from a community-based behavioral intervention trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2006, 83(3):225-232. doi:16/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.015.
    • (2006) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-232
    • Strathdee, S.A.1    Ricketts, E.P.2    Huettner, S.3    Cornelius, L.4    Bishai, D.5    Havens, J.R.6
  • 67
    • 84872429814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capitol Hill talks yield $1T spending measure. Associated Press. Accessed 16.12.11.
    • Taylor, A. (2011). Capitol Hill talks yield $1T spending measure. Associated Press. Accessed 16.12.11. http://news.yahoo.com/capitol-hill-talks-yield-1t-spending-measure-024259573.html.
    • (2011)
    • Taylor, A.1
  • 69
    • 0038708362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive injection cocaine use as the primary risk factor in the Vancouver HIV-1 epidemic
    • Tyndall M.W., Currie S., Spittal P., Li K., Wood E., O'Shaughnessy M.V., et al. Intensive injection cocaine use as the primary risk factor in the Vancouver HIV-1 epidemic. AIDS 2003, 17:887-893.
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 887-893
    • Tyndall, M.W.1    Currie, S.2    Spittal, P.3    Li, K.4    Wood, E.5    O'Shaughnessy, M.V.6
  • 70
    • 84872430307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban Health Research Initiative (2009). Drug situation in Vancouver. Accessed 7.03.12.
    • Urban Health Research Initiative (2009). Drug situation in Vancouver. Accessed 7.03.12. http://www.cfenet.ubc.ca/publications/drug-situation-vancouver-uhri-report.
  • 71
    • 0032319516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of needle exchange programs in HIV prevention
    • Vlahov D., Junge B. The role of needle exchange programs in HIV prevention. Public Health Reports 1998, 113(S1):75-80.
    • (1998) Public Health Reports , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-80
    • Vlahov, D.1    Junge, B.2
  • 72
    • 0035892944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Needle exchange programs for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection: Epidemiology and policy
    • Vlahov D., Des Jarlais D.C., Goosby E., Hollinger P.C., Lurie P.G., Shriver M.D., et al. Needle exchange programs for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection: Epidemiology and policy. American Journal of Epidemiology 2001, 154(12):S70-S77. 10.1093/aje/154.12.S70.
    • (2001) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.154 , Issue.12
    • Vlahov, D.1    Des Jarlais, D.C.2    Goosby, E.3    Hollinger, P.C.4    Lurie, P.G.5    Shriver, M.D.6
  • 73
    • 77951868127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of HIV infection among injection drug users in resource-limited settings
    • Vlahov D., Robertson A.M., Strathdee S.A. Prevention of HIV infection among injection drug users in resource-limited settings. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010, 50(S3):S114-S121.
    • (2010) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.50 , Issue.3
    • Vlahov, D.1    Robertson, A.M.2    Strathdee, S.A.3
  • 74
    • 47049091414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of police confiscation of illicit drugs and syringes among injection drug users in Vancouver
    • Werb D., Wood E., Small W., Strathdee S., Li K., Montaner J., et al. Effects of police confiscation of illicit drugs and syringes among injection drug users in Vancouver. International Journal of Drug Policy 2008, 19(4):332-338.
    • (2008) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 332-338
    • Werb, D.1    Wood, E.2    Small, W.3    Strathdee, S.4    Li, K.5    Montaner, J.6
  • 75
    • 33745728263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do needle syringe programs reduce HIV infection among injecting drug users: A comprehensive review of the international evidence
    • Wodak A., Cooney A. Do needle syringe programs reduce HIV infection among injecting drug users: A comprehensive review of the international evidence. Substance Use & Misuse 2006, 41(6-7):777-813. 10.1080/10826080600669579.
    • (2006) Substance Use & Misuse , vol.41 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 777-813
    • Wodak, A.1    Cooney, A.2
  • 76
    • 33644883891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do you do when you hit rock bottom? Responding to drugs in the city of Vancouver
    • Wood E., Kerr T. What do you do when you hit rock bottom? Responding to drugs in the city of Vancouver. International Journal of Drug Policy 2006, 17(2):55-60. 10.1016/j.drugpo.2005.12.007.
    • (2006) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 55-60
    • Wood, E.1    Kerr, T.2
  • 77
    • 33745714344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Needle exchange and the HIV outbreak among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada
    • Wood E., Kerr T. Needle exchange and the HIV outbreak among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada. Substance Use & Misuse 2006, 41(6-7):841-843. 10.1080/10826080600669595.
    • (2006) Substance Use & Misuse , vol.41 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 841-843
    • Wood, E.1    Kerr, T.2
  • 80
    • 0141449560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health care and fiscal costs of the illicit drug use epidemic: The impact of conventional drug control strategies, and the potential of a comprehensive approach
    • Wood E., Kerr T., Spittal P.M., Tyndall M.W., O'Shaughnessy M.V., Schechter M.T. The health care and fiscal costs of the illicit drug use epidemic: The impact of conventional drug control strategies, and the potential of a comprehensive approach. BC Medical Journal 2003, 45(3).
    • (2003) BC Medical Journal , vol.45 , Issue.3
    • Wood, E.1    Kerr, T.2    Spittal, P.M.3    Tyndall, M.W.4    O'Shaughnessy, M.V.5    Schechter, M.T.6
  • 82
    • 2542501623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Displacement of Canada's largest public illicit drug market in response to a police crackdown
    • Wood E., Spittal P.M., Small W., Kerr T., Li K., Hogg R.S., et al. Displacement of Canada's largest public illicit drug market in response to a police crackdown. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2004, 170(10):1551-1556.
    • (2004) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.170 , Issue.10 , pp. 1551-1556
    • Wood, E.1    Spittal, P.M.2    Small, W.3    Kerr, T.4    Li, K.5    Hogg, R.S.6
  • 83
    • 0037066367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with persistent high-risk syringe sharing in the presence of an established needle exchange programme
    • Wood E., Tyndall M.W., Spittal P.M., Li K., Hogg R.S., Montaner J.S.G., et al. Factors associated with persistent high-risk syringe sharing in the presence of an established needle exchange programme. AIDS 2002, 16(6):941-943.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 941-943
    • Wood, E.1    Tyndall, M.W.2    Spittal, P.M.3    Li, K.4    Hogg, R.S.5    Montaner, J.S.G.6
  • 86
    • 84872430498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime & Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users. Accessed 23.08.11.
    • World Health Organization, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime & Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (2009). WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users. Accessed 23.08.11. http://www.unodc.org/documents/hivaids/idu_target_setting_guide.pdf.
    • (2009)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.