The association between SBP and mortality risk differs with level of cognitive function in very old individuals

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 745-752

  Weidung, Bodil ^a   Littbrand, Hakan ^a   Nordström, Peter ^a   Carlberg, Bo ^b   Gustafson, Yngve ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

aged 80 and over; cognition disorders; dementia; hypertension; hypotension; mortality

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ANGINA PECTORIS; ARTICLE; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; BARTHEL INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; COGNITION; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; FRAIL ELDERLY; HAZARD RATIO; HIP FRACTURE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSE PRESSURE; SEX RATIO; SURVIVAL RATE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; VERY ELDERLY; AGING; BLOOD PRESSURE; COHORT ANALYSIS; FACTUAL DATABASE; INTELLIGENCE TEST; MORTALITY; PHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR;

AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; BLOOD PRESSURE; COHORT STUDIES; DATABASES, FACTUAL; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE TESTS; MORTALITY; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84960326250     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: 14735598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000831     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Anderson LA, McConnell SR. Cognitive health: an emerging public health issue. Alzheimers Dement 2007; 3 (2 Suppl):S70-S73.
2. Prince M, Bryce R, Albanese E, Wimo A, Ribeiro W, Ferri CP. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9:63-75.
3. Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, Jelic V, Fratiglioni L, Wahlund LO, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intern Med 2004; 256:240-246.
4. Njegovan V, Man-Son-Hing M, Mitchell SL, Molnar FJ. The hierarchy of functional loss associated with cognitive decline in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56:M638-M643.
5. Qiu C, Fratiglioni L. A major role for cardiovascular burden in agerelated cognitive decline. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015; 12:267-277.
6. Kling MA, Trojanowski JQ, Wolk DA, Lee VMY, Arnold SE. Vascular disease and dementias: paradigm shifts to drive research in new directions. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9:76-92.
7. Nelson L, Gard P, Tabet N. Hypertension and inflammation in Alzheimer?s disease: close partners in disease development and progression!. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 41:331-343.
8. Kalaria RN. Cerebrovascular disease and mechanisms of cognitive impairment: evidence from clinicopathological studies in humans. Stroke 2012; 43:2526-2534.
9. Attems J, Jellinger KA. The overlap between vascular disease and Alzheimer?s disease: lessons from pathology. BMC Med 2014; 12:206.
10. Attems J, Konig C, Huber M, Lintner F, Jellinger KA. Cause of death in demented and nondemented elderly inpatients; an autopsy study of 308 cases. J Alzheimers Dis 2005; 8:57-62.
11. Brunnström HR, Englund EM. Cause of death in patients with dementia disorders. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:488-492.
12. Nilsson SE, Read S, Berg S, Johansson B, Melander A, Lindblad U. Low systolic blood pressure is associated with impaired cognitive function in the oldest old: longitudinal observations in a population-based sample 80 years and older. Aging Clin Exp Res 2007; 19:41-47.
13. Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The age-Dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia. Lancet Neurol 2005; 4:487-499.
14. Molander L, Gustafson Y, Lövheim H. Low blood pressure is associated with cognitive impairment in very old people. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010; 29:335-341.
15. Sabayan B, Oleksik AM, Maier AB, van Buchem MA, Poortvliet RK, de Ruijter W, et al. High blood pressure and resilience to physical and cognitive decline in the oldest old: the Leiden 85-plus Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:2014-2019.
16. Börjesson-Hanson A, Gustafson D, Skoog I. Five-year mortality in relation to dementia and cognitive function in 95-year-olds. Neurology 2007; 69:2069-2075.
17. Gussekloo J, Westendorp RGJ, Remarque EJ, Lagaay AM, Heeren TJ, Knook DL. Impact of mild cognitive impairment on survival in very elderly people: cohort study. BMJ 1997; 315:1053-1054.
18. Odonnell M, Teo K, Gao P, Anderson C, Sleight P, Dans A, et al. Cognitive impairment and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1777-1786.
19. Weidung B, Boström G, Toots A, Nordström P, Carlberg B, Gustafson Y, et al. Blood pressure, gait speed, and mortality in very old individuals: a population-based cohort study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16:208-214.
20. Jacobs JM, Stessman J, Ein-Mor E, Bursztyn M. Hypertension and 5-year mortality among 85-year-olds: the Jerusalem Longitudinal Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2012; 13:759.
21. Boshuizen HC, Izaks GJ, van Buuren S, Ligthart GJ. Blood pressure and mortality in elderly people aged 85 and older: community based study. BMJ 1998; 316:1780-1784.
22. Beishon LC, Harrison JK, Harwood RH, Robinson TG, Gladman JR, Conroy SP. The evidence for treating hypertension in older people with dementia: a systematic review. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 28:283-287.
23. van der Wardt V, Logan P, Conroy S, Harwood R, Gladman J. Antihypertensive treatment in people with dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:620-629.
24. Guo Z, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Low blood pressure and five-year mortality in a Stockholm cohort of the very old: possible confounding by cognitive impairment and other factors. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:623-628.
25. Cacciatore F, Abete P, de Santis D, Longobardi G, Ferrara N, Rengo F. Mortality and blood pressure in elderly people with and without cognitive impairment. Gerontology 2005; 51:53-61.
26. Post Hospers G, Smulders YM, Maier AB, Deeg DJ, Muller M. Relation between blood pressure and mortality risk in an older population: role of chronological and biological age. J Intern Med 2015; 277:488-497.
27. Molander L, Lövheim H. Blood pressure change and antihypertensive treatment in old and very old people: evidence of age, sex and cohort effects. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:197-203.
28. Lernfelt B, Svanborg A. Change in blood pressure in the age interval 70-90. Late blood pressure peak related to longer survival. Blood Press 2002; 11:206-212.
29. Jellinger KA, Attems J. Prevalence and pathology of dementia with Lewy bodies in the oldest old: a comparison with other dementing disorders. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2011; 31:309-316.
30. James BD, Bennett DA, Boyle PA, Leurgans S, Schneider JA. Dementia from Alzheimer disease and mixed pathologies in the oldest old. JAMA 2012; 307:1798-1800.
31. Savva GM, Wharton SB, Ince PG, Forster G, Matthews FE, Brayne C. Age, neuropathology, and dementia. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2302-2309.
32. von Heideken Wagert P, Gustavsson JM, Lundin-Olsson L, Kallin K, Nygren B, Lundman B, et al. Health status in the oldest old. Age and sex differences in the Umea 85+ Study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2006; 18:116-126.
33. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc; 2000.
34. Collin C, Wade DT, Davies S, Horne V. The Barthel ADL index: a reliability study. Int Disabil Stud 1988; 10:61-63.
35. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. ?Mini-mental state?. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12:189-198.
36. Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ. The Mini-Mental-State-Examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40:922-935.
37. Lin JS, Oconnor E, Rossom RC, Perdue LA, Burda BU, Thompson M, et al. Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: an evidence update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Evidence Syntheses No. 107. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013.
38. Mitchell AJ. A meta-Analysis of the accuracy of the Mini-Mental State Examination in the detection of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. J Psychiatr Res 2009; 43:411-431.
39. Aarsland D, Perry R, Brown A, Larsen JP, Ballard C. Neuropathology of dementia in Parkinson?s disease: a prospective, community-based study. Ann Neurol 2005; 58:773-776.
40. Cutler RG, Kelly J, Storie K, Pedersen WA, Tammara A, Hatanpaa K, et al. Involvement of oxidative stress-induced abnormalities in ceramide and cholesterol metabolism in brain aging and Alzheimer?s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:2070-2075.
41. Peduzzi P, Concato J, Feinstein AR, Holford TR. Importance of events per independent variable in proportional hazards regression analysis. II. Accuracy and precision of regression estimates. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48:1503-1510.
42. Kleinbaum DG, Klein M. Survival analysis: a self-learning text., 3rd ed New York, NY: Springer; 2012.
43. Claassen JA, Zhang R. Cerebral autoregulation in Alzheimer?s disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31:1572-1577.
44. Sabayan B, Jansen S, Oleksik AM, van Osch MJ, van Buchem MA, van Vliet P, et al. Cerebrovascular hemodynamics in Alzheimer?s disease and vascular dementia: a meta-Analysis of transcranial Doppler studies. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:271-277.
45. van Beek A, Sijbesma JC, Jansen R, Rikkert M, Claassen J. Cortical oxygen supply during postural hypotension is further decreased in Alzheimer?s disease, but unrelated to cholinesterase-inhibitor use. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 21:519-526.
46. Jellinger KA. Prevalence and impact of cerebrovascular lesions in Alzheimer and Lewy body diseases. Neurodegener Dis 2010; 7:112-115.
47. Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, DeCarli C, Greenberg SM, Iadecola C, et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011; 42:2672-2713.
48. Costanza A, Xekardaki A, Kövari E, Gold G, Bouras C, Giannakopoulos P. Microvascular burden and Alzheimer-Type lesions across the age spectrum. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 32:643-652.
49. Gasecki D, Kwarciany M, Nyka W, Narkiewicz K. Hypertension, brain damage and cognitive decline. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013; 15:547-558.
50. Muller M, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FL, Vlek AL, Mali WP, Geerlings MI, et al. Blood pressure, cerebral blood flow, and brain volumes. The SMART-MR study. J Hypertens 2010; 28:1498-1505.
51. Scuteri A, Tesauro M, Guglini L, Lauro D, Fini M, Di Daniele N. Aortic stiffness and hypotension episodes are associated with impaired cognitive function in older subjects with subjective complaints of memory loss. Int J Cardiol 2013; 169:371-377.
52. Scuteri A, Modestino A, Frattari A, Di Daniele N, Tesauro M. Occurrence of hypotension in older participants. Which 24-h ABPM parameter better correlate with?. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:804-810.
53. Low PA. Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension. Clin Auton Res 2008; 18 (Suppl 1):8-13.
54. Corrada MM, Brookmeyer R, Berlau D, Paganini-Hill A, Kawas CH. Prevalence of dementia after age 90: results from the 90+ study. Neurology 2008; 71:337-343.
55. Orrell M, Howard R, Payne A, Bergmann K, Woods R, Everitt BS, et al. Differentiation between organic and functional psychiatric-illness in the elderly: an evaluation of 4 cognitive tests. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr 1992; 7:263-275.
56. Pradier C, Sakarovitch C, Le Duff F, Layese R, Metelkina A, Anthony S, et al. The Mini Mental State Examination at the time of Alzheimer?s disease and related disorders diagnosis, according to age, education, gender and place of residence: a cross-sectional study among the French National Alzheimer database. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103630.