An analysis of the effects and dependency of wind power penetration on system frequency regulation

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 354-363

  Nguyen, Nga ^a   Mitra, Joydeep ^a  

^a Michigan State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES;

AREA CONTROL ERROR; ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS; FREQUENCY DEVIATION; FREQUENCY REGULATIONS; INTEGRATED SYSTEMS; INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES; REGULATION CAPABILITY; WIND POWER PENETRATION;

WIND POWER;

EID: 84960122928     PISSN: 19493029     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2496970     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Y. V. Makarov et al., "Analysis methodology for balancing authority cooperation in high penetration of variable generation, " Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, Final Rep. PNNL-19229, Feb. 2010.
2. M. Benidris, S. Elsaiah, S. Sulaeman, and J. Mitra, "Transient stability of distributed generators in the presence of energy storage devices, " in Proc. North Amer. Power Symp. (NAPS), Champaign, IL, USA, Sep. 9- 11, 2012, pp. 1-6.
3. M. Benidris and J. Mitra, "Enhancing stability performance of renewable energy generators by utilizing virtual inertia, " in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, San Diego, CA, USA, Jul. 22-26, 2012, pp. 1-6.
4. North American Electric Reliability Corporation, "Operating practices, procedures and tools, " North American Electric Reliability Corporation, Princeton, NJ, NERC IVGTF Task 2.4 Report, Mar. 2011.
5. J. Conto, "Grid challenges on high penetration levels of wind power, " in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jul. 2012, pp. 1-3.
6. H. Shun-Hsien, D. Maggio, K. McIntyre, V. Betanabhatla, J. Dumas, and J. Adams, "Impact of wind generation on system operations in the deregulated environment: ERCOT experience, " in Proc. Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jul. 2009, pp. 1-8.
7. N. W. Miller, M. Shao, S. Venkataraman, C. Loutan, and M. Rothleder, "Frequency response of California and WECC under high wind and solar conditions, " in Proc. Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jul. 2012, pp. 1-8.
8. S. Sharma, H. Shun-Hsien, and N. D. R. Sarma, "System inertial frequency response estimation and impact of renewable resources in ERCOT interconnection, " in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, 2011, pp. 1-6.
9. J. Brisebois and N. Aubut, "Wind farm inertia emulation to fulfill Hydro- Québec's specific need, " in Proc. Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jul. 2011, pp. 1-7.
10. H. Bevrani, A. Ghosh, and G. Ledwich, "Renewable energy sources and frequency regulation: Survey and new perspectives, " IET Renew. Power Gener., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 438-457, Sep. 2010.
11. I. Erlich, K. Rensch, and F. Shewarega, "Impact of large wind power generation on frequency stability, " in Proc. Power Eng. Soc. Gen. Meeting, pp. 1-8, 2006.
12. W. Li, G. Joos, and C. Abbey, "Wind power impact on system frequency deviation and an ESS based power filtering algorithm solution, " in Proc. IEEE Power Syst. Conf. Expo. (PES), 2006, pp. 2077-2084.
13. E. Muljadi, V. Gevorgian, M. Singh, and S. Santoso, "Understanding inertial and frequency response of wind power plants, " in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Mach. Wind Appl. (PEMWA), 2012, pp. 1-8.
14. L. Changling and O. Boon-Teck, "Frequency deviation of thermal power plants due to wind farms, " IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 708-716, Sep. 2006.
15. H. D. Mathur, L. B. F. Leite, H. Siguerdidjane, and Y. K. Bhateshvar, "Study impact of wind power penetration on frequency stabilization in multi-area power system, " in Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Adv. Topics Elect. Eng. (ATEE), 2013, pp. 1-6.
16. M. Johan, P. Jan, and W. H. de Haan Sjoerd, "Inertial response of variable speed wind turbines, " Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 980- 987, Jul. 2006.
17. L. Meegahapola and D. Flynn, "Impact on transient and frequency stability for a power system at very high wind penetration, " in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, 2010, pp. 1-8.
18. N. R. Ullah, T. Thiringer, and D. Karlsson, "Temporary primary frequency control support by variable speed wind turbines-potential and applications, " IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 601-612, May 2008.
19. H. Ahmadi and H. Ghasemi, "Maximum penetration level of wind generation considering power system security limits, " IET Gener. Transmiss. Distrib., vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 1164-1170, Nov. 2012.
20. G. Strbac, A. Shakoor, M. Black, D. Pudjianto, and T. Bopp, "Impact of wind generation on the operation and development of the UK electricity systems, " Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 77, no. 9, pp. 1214-1227, Jul. 2007.
21. P. Bhatt, R. Roy, and S. P. Ghoshal, "Dynamic contribution of DFIG along with SMES for load frequency control of interconnected restructured power system, " in Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Environ. Elect. Eng. (EEEIC), 2011, pp. 1-5.
22. E. Vittal, J. D McCalley, V. Ajjarapu, and T. Harbour, "Wind penetration limited by thermal constraints and frequency stability, " in Proc. 39th North Amer. Power Symp. (NAPS'07), 2007, pp. 353-359.
23. L. Changling, H. G. Far, H. Banakar, P. K. Keung, and O. Boon-Teck, "Estimation of wind penetration as limited by frequency deviation, " IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 783-791, Sep. 2007.
24. H. Ahmadi and H. Ghasemi, "Security-constrained unit commitment with linearized system frequency limit constraints, " IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1536-1545, Jun. 2014.
25. H. Bevrani, Robust Power System Frequency Control. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2009.
26. I. A. Erinmez, D. O. Bickers, G. F. Good, and W.W. Hung, "NGC experience with frequency control in England and wales-provision of frequency response by generator, " in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Winter Meeting, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 590-596.
27. P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
28. W. I. Rowen, "Simplified mathematical representations of heavy-duty gas turbines, " ASM J. Eng. Power, vol. 105, pp. 865-869, 1983.
29. S. K. Yee, J. V. Milanovic, and F.M. Hughes, "Overview and comparative analysis of gas turbine models for system stability studies, " IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 108-118, Feb. 2008.
30. J. Ekanayake and N. Jenkins, "Comparison of the response of doubly fed and fixed-speed induction generator wind turbines to changes in network frequency, " IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 800-802, Dec. 2004.
31. J. M. Kennedy, B. Fox, T. Littler, and D. Flynn, "Validation of fixed speed induction generator models for inertial response using wind farm measurements, " IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1454-1461, Aug. 2011.
32. L. Holdsworth, J. B. Ekanayake, and N. Jenkins, "Power system frequency response from fixed speed and doubly fed induction generatorbased wind turbines, " Wind Energy, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 21-35, Mar. 2004.
33. Y. Xue and N. Tai, "Review of contribution to frequency control through variable speed wind turbine, " Renew. Energy, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1671- 1677, Jun. 2011.
34. X. Zhang, L. Heming, and W. Yi, "Control of DFIG-based wind farms for power network frequency support, " in Proc. Power Syst. Technol. (POWERCON), 2010, pp. 1-6.
35. Z. S. Zhang, Y. Z. Sun, J. Lin, and G. J. Li, "Coordinated frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generator-based wind power plants, " IET Renew. Power Gener., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 38-47, Jan. 2012.
36. N. W. Miller, K. Clark, and M. Shao, "Frequency responsive wind plant controls: Impacts on grid performance, " in Proc. Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, 2011, pp. 1-8.
37. I. A. Gowaid, A. El-Zawawi, and M. El-Gammal, "Improved inertia and frequency support from grid-connected DFIG wind farms, " in Proc. IEEE/PES Power Syst. Conf. Expo. (PSCE), 2011, pp. 1-9.
38. M. F. M. Arani and E. F. El-Saadany, "Implementing virtual inertia in DFIG-Based wind power generation, " IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 1373-1384, Aug. 2013.
39. J. Morren, S. W. H. de Haan, W. L. Kling, and J. A. Ferreira, "Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control, " IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 433-434, Feb. 2006.
40. R. G. de Almeida and J. A. Peas Lopes, "Participation of doubly fed induction wind generators in system frequency regulation, " IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 944-950, Aug. 2007.
41. Y. Wang and K. Y. Lee, "A control configuration of wind farm for loadfollowing and frequency support by considering the inertia issue, " in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, 2011, pp. 1-6, 2011.
42. M. Wang-Hansen, R. Josefsson, and H. Mehmedovic, "Frequency controlling wind power modeling of control strategies, " IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 954-959, Oct. 2013.
43. L. Wu and D. Infield, "Investigation on the interaction between inertial response and droop control from variable speed wind turbines under changing wind conditions, " in Proc. 47th Int. Univ. Power Eng. Conf. (UPEC), 2012, pp. 1-6.
44. Z. Qing-Chang and G. Weiss, "Synchronverters: Inverters that mimic synchronous generators, " IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1259-1267, Mar. 2011.
45. R. Doherty, A. Mullane, G. Nolan, D. J. Burke, A. Bryson, and M. O'Malley, "An assessment of the impact of wind generation on system frequency control, " IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 452-460, Oct. 2009.
46. K. P. S. Parmar, S. Majhi, and D. P. Kothari, "Optimal load frequency control of an interconnected power system, " MIT Int. J. Elect. Instrum. Eng., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-5, Jan. 2011.
47. G. Lalor and M. O'Malley, "Frequency control on an island power system with increasing proportions of combined cycle gas turbines, " in Proc. IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conf., 2003, vol. 4, p. 7.
48. G. Lalor, J. Ritchie, D. Flynn, and M. J. O'Malley, "The impact of combined-cycle gas turbine short-term dynamics on frequency control, " IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1456-1464, Aug. 2005.
49. M. A. Hanley, "Frequency instability problems in North American interconnections, " National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV, DOE/NETL, Rep. DOE/NETL-2011/1473, May 2001.