Can pore-clogging by ash explain post-fire runoff?

International Journal of Wildland Fire

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 294-305

  Stoof, Cathelijne R ^a,b   Gevaert, Anouk I ^a,b,c   Baver, Christine ^a   Hassanpour, Bahareh ^a   Morales, Verónica L ^d,e   Zhang, Wei ^f   Martin, Deborah ^g   Giri, Shree K ^a   Steenhuis, Tammo S ^a  

^a Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering   (United States)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ABERTAY DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^e ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^f MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

hydraulic conductivity; infiltration; wildland fire ash

Indexed keywords

EID: 84959900092     PISSN: 10498001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/WF15037     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Arya LM, Leij FJ, van Genuchten MT, Shouse PJ (1999) Scaling parameter to predict the soil water characteristic from particle-size distribution data. Soil Science Society of America Journal 63, 510-519. doi:10. 2136/ SSSAJ1999. 03615995006300030013X
2. Audry S, Akerman A, Riotte J, Oliva P, Marechal J-C, Fraysse F, Pokrovsky OS, Braun J-J (2014) Contribution of forest fire ash and plant litter decay on stream dissolved composition in a sub-humid tropical watershed (Mule Hole, southern India). Chemical Geology 372, 144-161. doi:10. 1016/J. CHEMGEO. 2014. 02. 016
3. BadáD, MartíC, AguirreAJ, Aznar JM, González-PérezJA, De laRosa JM, León J, Ibarra P, Echeverrá T (2014) Wildfire effects on nutrients and organic carbon of a Rendzic Phaeozem in NE Spain: changes at cm-scale topsoil. Catena 113, 267-275. doi:10. 1016/J. CATENA. 2013. 08. 002
4. Baker RS, Hillel D (1990) Laboratory tests of a theory of fingering during infiltration into layered soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54, 20-30. doi:10. 2136/SSSAJ1990. 03615995005400010004X
5. Balfour VN, Woods SW (2013) The hydrological properties and the effects of hydration on vegetative ash from the Northern Rockies, USA. Catena 111, 9-24. doi:10. 1016/J. CATENA. 2013. 06. 014
6. Balfour VN, Doerr SH, Robichaud PR (2014) The temporal evolution of wildfire ash and implications for post-fire infiltration. International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, 733-745. doi:10. 1071/WF13159
7. Baveye P, Vandevivere P, Hoyle BL, DeLeo PC, de Lozada DS (1998) Environmental impact and mechanisms of the biological clogging of saturated soils and aquifer materials. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 28, 123-191. doi:10. 1080/ 10643389891254197
8. Blazejewski R, Murat-Blazejewska S (1997) Soil clogging phenomena in constructed wetlands with subsurface flow. Water Science and Technology 35, 183-188. doi:10. 1016/S0273-1223(97)00067-X
9. Bod MB, Mataix-Solera J, Doerr SH, Cerdà A (2011) The wettability of ash from burned vegetation and its relationship to Mediterranean plant species type, burn severity and total organic carbon content. Geoderma 160, 599-607. doi:10. 1016/J. GEODERMA. 2010. 11. 009
10. Bod MB, Doerr SH, Cerdà A, Mataix-Solera J (2012) Hydrological effects of a layer of vegetation ash on underlying wettable and water-repellent soil. Geoderma 191, 14-23. doi:10. 1016/J. GEODERMA. 2012. 01. 006
11. Bod MB, Martin DA, Balfour VN, Santn C, Doerr SH, Pereira P, Cerdà A, Mataix-Solera J (2014) Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and ecohydrogeomorphic effects. Earth-Science Reviews 130, 103-127. doi:10. 1016/J. EARSCIREV. 2013. 12. 007
12. Bond WJ (1986) Illuvial band formation in a laboratory column of sand. Soil Science Society of America Journal 50, 265-267. doi:10. 2136/ SSSAJ1986. 03615995005000010054X
13. Bradford SA, Torkzaban S (2008) Colloid transport and retention in unsaturated porous media: A review of interface-, collector-, and porescale processes and models. Vadose Zone Journal 7, 667-681. doi:10. 2136/VZJ2007. 0092
14. Bradford SA, Morales VL, Zhang W, Harvey RW, Packman AI, Mohanram A, Welty C (2013) Transport and fate of microbial pathogens in agricultural settings. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 43, 775-893. doi:10. 1080/10643389. 2012. 710449
15. Cai J, Yu B (2011) A discussion of the effect of tortuosity on the capillary imbibition in porous media. Transport in Porous Media 89, 251-263. doi:10. 1007/S11242-011-9767-0
16. Cerdà A, Doerr SH (2008) The effect of ash and needle cover on surface runoff and erosion in the immediate post-fire period. Catena 74, 256-263. doi:10. 1016/J. CATENA. 2008. 03. 010
17. Cerdà A, Robichaud P (Eds) (2009) Fire effects on soils and restoration strategies. In Land reconstruction and management series, Vol. 5'. (Science Publishers: Enfield, NH). doi:10. 1201/9781439843338-F
18. Costa MR, Calvão AR, Aranha J (2014) Linking wildfire effects on soil and water chemistry of the Marão River watershed, Portugal, and biomass changes detected from Landsat imagery. Applied Geochemistry 44, 93-102. doi:10. 1016/J. APGEOCHEM. 2013. 09. 009
19. Dathe A, Zevi Y, Richards BK, Gao B, Parlange J-Y, Steenhuis TS (2014) Functional models for colloid retention in porous media at the triple line. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 21, 9067-9080. doi:10. 1007/S11356-013-2120-0
20. De Vries J (1972) Soil filtration of wastewater effluent and the mechanism of pore clogging. Journal-Water Pollution Control Federation 44, 565-573.
21. Dlapa P, Bod MB, Mataix-Solera J, Cerdà A, Doerr SH (2013) FT-IR spectroscopy reveals that ash water repellency is highly dependent on ash chemical composition. Catena 108, 35-43. doi:10. 1016/J. CATENA. 2012. 02. 011
22. Dunkerley D (2008) Rain event properties in nature and in rainfall simulation experiments: A comparative review with recommendations for increasingly systematic study and reporting. Hydrological Processes 22, 4415-4435. doi:10. 1002/HYP. 7045
23. Ebel BA (2012) Wildfire impacts on soil-water retention in the Colorado Front Range, United States. Water Resources Research 48, W12515. doi:10. 1029/2012WR012362
24. Ebel BA, Moody JA, Martin DA (2012) Hydrologic conditions controlling runoff generation immediately after wildfire. Water Resources Research 48, WR011470. doi:10. 1029/2011WR011470
25. Etiégni L, Campbell AG (1991) Physical and chemical characteristics of wood ash. Bioresource Technology 37, 173-178. doi:10. 1016/0960-8524(91)90207-Z
26. Fernández Marcos ML, Buurman P, Meijer EL (1998) Role of organic matter and sesquioxides on variable charge of three soils from Galicia, Spain. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 29, 2441-2457. doi:10. 1080/00103629809370123
27. Fetter CW (2000) Applied hydrogeology. (Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ)
28. Fox DM, Darboux F, Carrega P (2007) Effects of fire-induced water repellency on soil aggregate stability, splash erosion, and saturated hydraulic conductivity for different size fractions. Hydrological Processes 21, 2377-2384.
29. Gabet EJ, Sternberg P (2008) The effects of vegetative ash on infiltration capacity, sediment transport, and the generation of progressively bulked debris flows. Geomorphology 101, 666-673. doi:10. 1016/J. GEO MORPH. 2008. 03. 005
30. Giglio L, Randerson JT, van der Werf GR, Kasibhatla PS, Collatz GJ, Morton DC, DeFries RS (2010) Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging multiple satellite fire products. Biogeosciences 7, 1171-1186. doi:10. 5194/BG-7-1171-2010
31. Goforth BR, Graham RC, Hubbert KR, Zanner CW, Minnich RA (2005) Spatial distribution and properties of ash and thermally altered soils after high-severity forest fire, southern California. International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, 343-354. doi:10. 1071/WF05038
32. Hubbert KR, Preisler HK, Wohlgemuth PM, Graham RC, Narog MG (2006) Prescribed burning effects on soil physical properties and soil water repellency in a steep chaparral watershed, southern California, USA. Geoderma 130, 284-298. doi:10. 1016/J. GEODERMA. 2005. 02. 001
33. Johnson PR (1999) A comparison of streaming and microelectrophoresis methods for obtaining the z potential of granular porous media surfaces. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 209, 264-267. doi:10. 1006/ JCIS. 1998. 5908
34. Kinner DA, Moody JA (2010) Spatial variability of steady-state infiltration into a two-layer soil system on burned hillslopes. Journal of Hydrology 381, 322-332. doi:10. 1016/J. JHYDROL. 2009. 12. 004
35. Kretzschmar R, Sticher H (1997) Transport of humic-coated iron oxide colloids in a sandy soil: influence of Ca2 and trace metals. Environmental Science & Technology 31, 3497-3504. doi:10. 1021/ES970244S
36. Kutiel P, Lavee H, Segev M, Benyamini Y (1995) The effect of fireinduced surface heterogeneity on rainfall-runoff-erosion relationships in an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem, Israel. Catena 25, 77-87. doi:10. 1016/0341-8162(94)00043-E
37. Larsen IJ, MacDonald LH, Brown E, Rough D, Welsh MJ, Pietraszek JH, Libohova Z, de Dios Benavides-Solorio J, Schaffrath K (2009) Causes of post-fire runoff and erosion: water repellency, cover, or soil sealing? Soil Science Society of America Journal 73, 1393-1407. doi:10. 2136/ SSSAJ2007. 0432
38. León J, BodMB, Cerdà A, BadaD (2013) The contrasted response of ash to wetting: the effects of ash type, thickness and rainfall events. Geoderma 209-210, 143-152. doi:10. 1016/J. GEODERMA. 2013. 06. 018
39. Mallik AU, Gimingham CH, Rahman AA (1984) Ecological effects of heather burning. I. Water infiltration, moisture retention and porosity of the surface soil. Journal of Ecology 72, 767-776. doi:10. 2307/2259530
40. Martin DA, Moody JA (2001) Comparison of soil infiltration rates in burned and unburned mountainous watersheds. Hydrological Processes 15, 2893-2903. doi:10. 1002/HYP. 380
41. Mataix-Solera J, Cerdà A, Arcenegui V, Jordán A, Zavala LM (2011) Fire effects on soil aggregation: A review. Earth-Science Reviews 109, 44-60. doi:10. 1016/J. EARSCIREV. 2011. 08. 002
42. McDowell-Boyer LM, Hunt JR, Sitar N (1986) Particle transport through porous media. Water Resources Research 22, 1901-1921. doi:10. 1029/ WR022I013P01901
43. Meixner T, Wohlgemuth PM (2003) Climate variability, fire, vegetation recovery, and watershed hydrology. In First interagency conference on research in the watersheds', 27-30 October 2003, Benson, AZ. (Eds KG Renard, SA McElroy, WJ Gburek, EH Canfield, RL Scott) (USDA Agricultural Research Service: Benson, AZ)
44. Miller BA, Schaetzl RJ (2012) Precision of soil particle size analysis using laser diffractometry. Soil Science Society of America Journal 76, 1719-1727. doi:10. 2136/SSSAJ2011. 0303
45. Moody JA, Ebel BA (2012) Hyper-dry conditions provide new insights into the cause of extreme floods after wildfire. Catena 93, 58-63. doi:10. 1016/J. CATENA. 2012. 01. 006
46. Moody JA, Martin DA (2001) Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado Front Range. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26, 1049-1070. doi:10. 1002/ESP. 253
47. Moody JA, Shakesby RA, Robichaud PR, Cannon SH, Martin DA (2013) Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes. Earth-Science Reviews 122, 10-37. doi:10. 1016/J. EAR SCIREV. 2013. 03. 004
48. Morales VL, Gao B, Steenhuis TS (2009) Grain surface-roughness effects on colloidal retention in the vadose zone. Vadose Zone Journal 8, 11-20. doi:10. 2136/VZJ2007. 0171
49. Munsell Color (1975) Munsell soil color charts. (Macbeth, a division of Kollmorgen Corporation: Baltimore, MD)
50. Nyman P, Sheridan G, Lane PNJ (2010) Synergistic effects of water repellency and macropore flow on the hydraulic conductivity of a burned forest soil, south-east Australia. Hydrological Processes 24, 2871-2887. doi:10. 1002/HYP. 7701
51. Nyman P, Sheridan GJ, Smith HG, Lane PNJ (2014) Modeling the effects of surface storage, macropore flow and water repellency on infiltration after wildfire. Journal of Hydrology 513, 301-313. doi:10. 1016/ J. JHYDROL. 2014. 02. 044
52. Onda Y, Dietrich WE, Booker F (2008) Evolution of overland flow after a severe forest fire, Point Reyes, California. Catena 72, 13-20. doi:10. 1016/J. CATENA. 2007. 02. 003
53. Pereira P, Úbeda X, Martin D, Mataix-Solera J, Guerrero C (2011) Effects of a low-severity prescribed fire on water-soluble elements in ash from a cork oak (Quercus suber) forest located in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula. Environmental Research 111, 237-247. doi:10. 1016/ J. ENVRES. 2010. 09. 002
54. Pereira P, úbeda X, Martin DA (2012) Fire severity effects on ash chemical composition and water-extractable elements. Geoderma 191, 105-114. doi:10. 1016/J. GEODERMA. 2012. 02. 005
55. Pereira P, Cerdà A, úbeda X, Mataix-Solera J, Arcenegui V, Zavala LM (2015) Modelling the impacts of wildfire on ash thickness in a short-term period. Land Degradation and Development 26, 180-192. doi:10. 1002/ LDR. 2195
56. Pereira P, Cerdà A, úbeda X, Mataix-Solera J, Martin D, Jordán A, Burguet M (2013) Spatial models for monitoring the spatiotemporal evolution of ashes after fire-a case study of a burnt grassland in Lithuania. Solid Earth 4, 153-165. doi:10. 5194/SE-4-153-2013
57. Platzer C, Mauch K (1997) Soil clogging in vertical flow reed beds-mechanisms, parameters, consequences and. solutions? Water Science and Technology 35, 175-181. doi:10. 1016/S0273-1223(97) 00066-8
58. R Development Core Team (2010) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria) Available at www. R-project. org [Verified 3 November 2015]
59. Rawls WJ, Brakensiek DL, Saxtonn KE (1982) Estimation of soil water properties. Transactions of the ASAE 25, 1316-1320. doi:10. 13031/ 2013. 33720
60. Ritsema CJ, Dekker LW (1995) Distribution flow: A general process in the top layer of water-repellent soils. Water Resources Research 31, 1187-1200. doi:10. 1029/94WR02979
61. Ross B (1990) The diversion capacity of capillary barriers. Water Resources Research 26, 2625-2629. doi:10. 1029/WR026I010P02625
62. Rubio CM (2014) Short-term change in the thermal conductivity of a loam soil after forest fire. European Journal of Environmental and Safety Sciences 2, 28-36. Available at http://www. sci-institute. com/2014- volume-2-issue-2/rubio. pdf [Verified 27 October 2015]
63. Saiers JE, Hornberger GM, Gower DB, Herman JS (2003) The role of moving air-water interfaces in colloid mobilization within the vadose zone. Geophysical Research Letters 30, 2083. doi:10. 1029/ 2003GL018418
64. Sang W, Morales VL, Zhang W, Stoof CR, Gao B, Schatz AL, Zhang Y, Steenhuis TS (2013) Quantification of colloid retention and release by straining and energy minima in variably saturated porous media. Environmental Science & Technology 47, 8256-8264.
65. Sang W, Stoof CR, Zhang W, Morales VL, Gao B, Kay RW, Liu L, Zhang Y, Steenhuis TS (2014) Effect of hydrofracking fluid on colloid transport in the unsaturated zone. Environmental Science & Technology 48, 8266-8274. doi:10. 1021/ES501441E
66. Santn C, Doerr SH, Shakesby RA, Bryant R, Sheridan GJ, Lane PN, Smith HG, Bell TL (2012) Carbon loads, forms and sequestration potential within ash deposits produced by wildfire: new insights from the 2009 Black Saturday' fires, Australia. European Journal of Forest Research 131, 1245-1253. doi:10. 1007/S10342-012-0595-8
67. Schroth MH, Istok JD, Selker JS (1998) Three-phase immiscible fluid movement in the vicinity of textural interfaces. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 32, 1-23. doi:10. 1016/S0169-7722(97)00069-7
68. Scott DF (1997) The contrasting effects of wildfire and clearfelling on the hydrology of a small catchment. Hydrological Processes 11, 543-555. doi:10. 1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199705)11:6, 543::AID-HYP474. 3. 0. CO;2-J
69. Shakesby RA, Doerr SH (2006) Wildfire as a hydrological and geomorphological agent. Earth-Science Reviews 74, 269-307. doi:10. 1016/ J. EARSCIREV. 2005. 10. 006
70. Smesrud JK, Selker JS (2001) Effect of soil-particle size contrast on capillary barrier performance. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 127, 885-888. doi:10. 1061/(ASCE)1090-0241 (2001)127:10(885)
71. Smith HG, Sheridan GJ, Lane PNJ, Nyman P, Haydon S (2011) Wildfire effects on water quality in forest catchments: A review with implications for water supply. Journal of Hydrology 396, 170-192. doi:10. 1016/ J. JHYDROL. 2010. 10. 043
72. Soil Survey Division Staff (1993) Soil survey manual', Handbook 18. (United States Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC) Available at http://www. nrcs. usda. gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ref/?cid= nrcs142p2-054262 [Verified 17 November 2015]
73. Steenhuis TS, Parlange JY, Kung KJS (1991) Comment on The diversion capacity of capillary barriers' by Benjamin Ross. Water Resources Research 27, 2155-2156. doi:10. 1029/91WR01366
74. Steinberg PD (2002) Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca. In Fire Effects Information System' [online database]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Available at http://feis-crs. org/beta/ [Verified 3 November 2015]
75. Stolte J (1997) Determination of the saturated hydraulic conductivity using the constant head method. In Manual for soil physical measurements, version 3, Technical Document 37'. (Ed. J Stolte) pp. 27-32. (DLO-Staring Centre: Wageningen, The Netherlands)
76. Stoof CR, Wesseling JG, Ritsema CJ (2010) Effects of fire and ash on soil water retention. Geoderma 159, 276-285. doi:10. 1016/J. GEODERMA. 2010. 08. 002
77. Stoof CR, Moore D, Ritsema CJ, Dekker LW (2011) Natural and fireinduced soil water repellency in a Portuguese shrubland. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75, 2283-2295. doi:10. 2136/SSSAJ2011. 0046
78. Stoof CR, Vervoort RW, Iwema J, van den Elsen E, Ferreira AJD, Ritsema CJ (2012) Hydrological response of a small catchment burned by experimental fire. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, 267-285. doi:10. 5194/HESS-16-267-2012
79. Stoof CR, Slingerland EC, Mol W, van den Berg J, Vermeulen PJ, Ferreira AJD, Ritsema CJ, Parlange JY, Steenhuis TS (2014) Preferential flow as a potential mechanism for fire-induced increase in streamflow. Water Resources Research 50, 1840-1845. doi:10. 1002/2013WR014397
80. Tan S-A, Fwa T-F, Han C-T (2003) Clogging evaluation of permeable bases. Journal of Transportation Engineering 129, 309-315. doi:10. 1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2003)129:3(309)
81. Taubaso C, Dos Santos Afonso M, Torres Sánchez RM (2004) Modelling soil surface charge density using mineral composition. Geoderma 121, 123-133. doi:10. 1016/J. GEODERMA. 2003. 11. 005
82. Vervoort R, Cattle S (2003) Linking hydraulic conductivity and tortuosity parameters to pore space geometry and pore-size distribution. Journal of Hydrology 272, 36-49. doi:10. 1016/S0022-1694(02)00253-6
83. Wang D, Zhang W, Zhou D (2013) Antagonistic effects of humic acid and iron oxyhydroxide grain-coating on biochar nanoparticle transport in saturated sand. Environmental Science & Technology 47, 5154-5161. doi:10. 1021/ES305337R
84. Wang Z, Wu L, Wu Q (2000) Water-entry value as an alternative indicator of soil water-repellency and wettability. Journal of Hydrology 231-232, 76-83. doi:10. 1016/S0022-1694(00)00185-2
85. Woods SW, Balfour VN (2008) The effect of ash on runoff and erosion after a severe forest wildfire, Montana, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, 535-548. doi:10. 1071/WF07040
86. Woods SW, Balfour VN (2010) The effects of soil texture and ash thickness on the post-fire hydrological response from ash-covered soils. Journal of Hydrology 393, 274-286. doi:10. 1016/J. JHYDROL. 2010. 08. 025
87. Wu F-C, Huang H-T (2000) Hydraulic resistance induced by deposition of sediment in porous medium. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 126, 547-551. doi:10. 1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:7(547)
88. Zevi Y, Dathe A, Gao B, Richards BK, Steenhuis TS (2006) Quantifying colloid retention in partially saturated porous media. Water Resources Research 42, W12S03. doi:10. 1029/2006WR004929
89. Zhang W, Morales VL, Cakmak ME, Salvucci AE, Geohring LD, Hay AG, Parlange J-Y, Steenhuis TS (2010) Colloid transport and retention in unsaturated porous media: effect of colloid input concentration. Environmental Science & Technology 44, 4965-4972. doi:10. 1021/ ES100272F
90. Zhang W, Niu J, Morales VL, Chen X, Hay AG, Lehmann J, Steenhuis TS (2010) Transport and retention of biochar particles in porous media: effect of pH, ionic strength, and particle size. Ecohydrology 3, 497-508. doi:10. 1002/ECO. 160
91. Zhuang J, Goeppert N, Tu C, McCarthy J, Perfect E, McKay L (2010) Colloid transport with wetting fronts: interactive effects of solution surface tension and ionic strength. Water Research 44, 1270-1278. doi:10. 1016/J. WATRES. 2009. 12. 012