The CRISTA-2 mission

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Volumn 107, Issue D23, 2002, Pages

  Grossmann, K U ^a   Offermann, D ^a   Gusev, O ^a   Oberheide, J ^a,b   Riese, M ^a,c   Spang, R ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WUPPERTAL   (Germany)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^c FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

0341 atmospheric composition and structure: Middle atmosphere constituent transport and chemistry (3334); 0342 atmospheric composition and structure: Middle atmosphere energy deposition; 0350 atmospheric composition and structure: Pressure; 0394 atmospheric composition and structure: Instruments and techniques; Density and temperature

Indexed keywords

EID: 84959349259     PISSN: 2169897X     EISSN: 21698996     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JD000667     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, Propagation of the arctic oscillation from the stratosphere to the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30,937-30,946, 1999.
2. Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, Propagation of annular modes from the mesosphere to the Earth's surface, paper presented at 2nd SPARC General Assembly, Mar del Plata, Argentina, 6-10 November 2000.
3. Beig, G., The relative importance of solar activity and anthropogenic influences on the ion composition, temperature, and associated neutrals of the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 19,841-19,856, 2000.
4. Berger, U., and U. von Zahn, The two-level structure of the mesopause: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22,083-22,093, 1999.
5. Chen, P., J. R. Holton, A. O'Neill, and R. Swinbank, Isentropic mass exchange between the tropics and the extratropics in the stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3006-3018, 1994.
6. Chen, S. S., and R. A. Houze Jr., Interannual variability of deep convection over the tropical warm pool, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,783-25,796, 1997.
7. Conway, R. R., M. H. Stevens, C. M. Brown, J. G. Cardon, S. E. Zasadil, and G. H. Mount, Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,327-16,348, 1999.
8. Crutzen, P., Mesospheric mysteries, Science, 277, 1951-1952, 1997.
9. Dickinson, R. E., Infrared radiative cooling in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 995-1008, 1984.
10. Drummond, J. R., J. T. Houghton, G. D. Peskett, C. D. Rodgers, M. J. Wale, J. Whitney, and E. J. Williamson, The stratospheric and mesospheric sounder on Nimbus 7, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 296, 219-241, 1980.
11. Eckermann, S. D., and P. Preusse, Global measurements of stratospheric mountain waves from Space, Science, 286, 1534-1537, 1999.
12. Edwards, D. P., G. Zaragoza, M. Riese, and M. López-Puertas, Evidence of H2O non-local thermodynamic equilibrium emission near 6.4 mm as measured by CRISTA-1, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29,003-29,022, 2000.
13. Eidmann, G., D. Offermann, and P. Preusse, Fluctuation power spectra in the mid stratosphere at increased horizontal resolution, Adv. Space Res., 27, 1647-1652, 2001.
14. Eidmann, G., D. Offermann, B. Schaeler, M. Jarisch, and F. J. Schmidlin, Stratospheric variability of temperature and ozone as inferred from the second CRISTA mission, 1, Zonal means and local structures, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000721, 2002.
15. Englert, C. R., B. A. Schimpf, M. Birk, F. Schreier, R. R. Conway, M. H. Stevens, and M. E. Summers, THOMAS 2.5 THz measurements of middle atmospheric OH: Comparison with MAHRSI observations and model results, in Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, edited by D. E. Siskind, S. D. Eckermann, and M. E. Summers, Geophys. Monogr., vol. 103, pp. 305-310, 2000.
16. Ern, M., K. U. Grossmann, and D. Offermann, Detector signal relaxations and their correction: The Si:Ga bulk detectors of the CRISTA instrument, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 4486, 111-121, 2002.
17. Gadsden, M., The secular change in noctilucent cloud occurrence: Study of a 31-year sequence to clarify the causes, Adv. Space Res., 20, 2097-2100, 1997.
18. Gadsden, M., and W. Schroeder, Noctilucent Clouds, Physics and Chemistry in Space Planetology, vol. 18, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
19. Gille, J. C., and F. B. House, On the inversion of limb radiance measurements, 1, Temperature and thickness, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1427-1442, 1971.
20. Gille, J. C., and J. M. Russell III, The limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere: Experiment description, performance, and results, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5125-5140, 1984.
21. Gordiets, B. F., Yu. N. Kulikov, M. N. Markov, and M. Ya. Marov, Numerical modeling of the thermospheric heat budget, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4504-4514, 1982.
22. Grossmann, K. U., Recent improvements in middle atmospheric remote sounding techniques: The CRISTA-SPAS experiment, in Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, edited by D. E. Siskind, S. D. Eckermann, and M. E. Summers, Geophys. Monogr., vol. 103, pp. 287-304, 2000.
23. Grossmann, K. U., and D. Offermann, 2. Flug von CRISTA, Tech. Rep. 50 QV 9501, Univ. Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany, 1999.
24. Grossmann, K. U., M. Kaufmann, and E. Gerstner, A global measurement of lower thermosphere atomic oxygen densities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1387-1390, 2000.
25. Grossmann, K. U., O. Gusev, M. Kaufmann, and A. A. Kutepov, Atmospheric parameters retrieved from CRISTA measurements in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 4539, 406-417, 2002.
26. Günther, G., D. S. McKenna, and R. Spang, The meteorological conditions of the stratosphere for the CRISTA/MAHRSI-2 campaign (July/August 1997), J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000692, in press, 2002.
27. Hagan, M. E., R. G. Roble, C. Hartsough, J. Oberheide, and M. Jarisch, The dynamics of the middle atmosphere during CRISTA-2 as simulated by the NCAR TIME-GCM, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000679, in press, 2002.
28. Haynes, P. H., On the "downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulation by eddy-induced mean zonal forces, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651-678, 1991.
29. Hedin, A. E., Extension of the MSIS thermosphere model into the middle and lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1159-1172, 1991.
30. 3 in the mesosphere measured by CRISTA, paper presented at 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Warsaw, 16-23 July 2000.
31. 2 densities in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere during CRISTA, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000704, in press, 2002.
32. Kaye, J. A., and T. L. Miller, The ATLAS series of shuttle missions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2285-2288, 1996.
33. Kennedy, J. S., and W. Nordberg, Circulation features of the stratosphere derived from radiometric temperature measurements with the TIROS VII satellite, J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 711-719, 1967.
34. Krueger, A. J., B. Guenther, A. J. Fleig, D. F. Heath, E. Hilsenrath, R. McPeters, and C. Prabhakara, Satellite ozone measurements, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 296, 191-204, 1980.
35. Küll, V., M. Riese, X. Tie, T. Wiemert, G. Eidmann, D. Offermann, and G. Brasseur, NOy partitioning and aerosol influences in the stratospheres, J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JD001246, in press, 2002.
36. Kutepov, A. A., O. A. Gusev, and V. P. Ogibalov, Solution of the non-LTE problem for molecular gas in planetary atmospheres: Superiority of accelerated lambda iteration, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 60, 199-220, 1998.
37. Lehmacher, G. A., J. Oberheide, F. J. Schmidlin, and D. Offermann, Zero miss time and zero miss distance experiments for validation of CRISTA 2 temperatures, Adv. Space Res., 26, 965-969, 2000.
38. 2 (v2) vibrational temperatures retrieved from ATMOS/Spacelab 3 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2469-2478, 1992.
39. 2 non-LTE radiative transfer model, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8499-8513, 1998.
40. 2 and CO abundances in the middle atmosphere, in Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, edited by D. E. Siskind, S. D. Eckermann, and M. E. Summers, Geophys. Monogr., vol. 103, pp. 83-100, 2000.
41. Lübken, F.-J., Thermal structure of the arctic summer mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9135-9149, 1999.
42. Manuilova, R. O., et al., Modelling of non-LTE limb spectra of i.r. ozone bands for the MIPAS space experiment, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 59, 405-422, 1998.
43. Marsh, D. R., A. K. Smith, G. P. Brasseur, M. Kaufmann, and K. U. Grossmann, The existence of a tertiary ozone maximum in the highlatitude middle atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4531-4534, 2001.
44. McIntyre, M. E., and T. N. Palmer, Breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere, Nature, 305, 593-600, 1983.
45. Murphy, D. M., D. W. Fahey, M. H. Proffitt, S. C. Liu, K. R. Chan, C. S. Eubank, S. R. Kawa, and K. K. Kelly, Reactive nitrogen and its correlation with ozone in the lower stratosphere and the upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8751-8773, 1993.
46. Oberheide, J., M. E. Hagan, W. E. Ward, M. Riese, and D. Offermann, Modeling the diurnal tide for the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) 1 time period, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24,917-24,929, 2000.
47. Oberheide, J., G. A. Lehmacher, D. Offermann, K. U. Grossmann, A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, F. J. Schmidlin, W. Singer, P. Hoffmann, and R. A. Vincent, Geostrophic wind fields in the stratosphere and mesosphere from satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000655, in press, 2002.
48. Offermann, D., The MAP/GLOBUS campaign 1983: Introduction, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 515-524, 1987.
49. Offermann, D., and R. R. Conway, Preface: Middle atmosphere structures measured by the CRISTA and MAHRSI experiements, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,309-16,310, 1999.
50. Offermann, D., K. U. Grossmann, P. Barthol, P. Knieling, M. Riese, and R. Trant, Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment and middle atmosphere variability, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,311-16,325, 1999.
51. Offermann, D., B. Schaeler, M. Riese, M. Langfermann, M. Jarisch, G. Eidmann, C. Schiller, H. G. J. Smit, and W. G. Read, Water vapor at the tropopause during the CRISTA 2 mission, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000700, in press, 2002.
52. 2 in the middle atmosphere, 2, Populations in the v1 v2 mode manifold states, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 315-329, 1998.
53. Pfister, L., K. R. Chan, T. P. Bui, S. Bowen, M. Legg, B. Gary, K. Kelly, M. Proffitt, and W. Starr, Gravity waves generated by a tropical cyclone during the STEP tropical field program: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8611-8638, 1993.
54. Preusse, P., S. D. Eckermann, and D. Offermann, Comparison of global distributions of zonal-mean gravity wave variance inferred from different satellite instruments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3877-3880, 2000.
55. Preusse, P., A. Dörnbrack, S. D. Eckermann, M. Riese, B. Schaeler, J. Bacmeister, D. Broutman, and K. U. Grossmann, Space based measurements of stratospheric mountain waves by CRISTA, 1, Sensitivity, method and a case study, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000699, in press, 2002.
56. Randel, W. J., J. C. Gille, A. E. Roche, J. B. Kumer, J. L. Mergenthaler, J. W. Waters, E. F. Fishbein, and W. A. Lahoz, Stratospheric transport from the tropics to middle latitudes by planetary-wave mixing, Nature, 365, 533-535, 1993.
57. Ratkowski, A. J., R. H. Picard, J. R. Winick, K. U. Grossmann, D. Homann, J. C. Ulwick, and A. J. Paboojian, Lower-thermospheric infra-red emissions from minor species during high-latitude twilight, 2, Analysis of 15 mm emission and comparison with non-LTE models, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 56, 1899-1914, 1994.
58. Reynolds, D. B., D. H. Seib, S. B. Stetson, T. Herter, N. Rowlands, and J. Schoenwald, Blocked impurity band hybrid infrared focal plane arrays for astronomy, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 36, 857-862, 1989.
59. Riese, M., R. Spang, P. Preusse, M. Ern, M. Jarisch, D. Offermann, and K. U. Grossmann, Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) data processing and atmospheric temperature and trace gas retrieval, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,349-16,367, 1999.
60. Riese, M., V. Küll, X. Tie, G. Brasseur, D. Offermann, G. Lehmacher, and A. Franzen, Modeling of nitrogen species measured by CRISTA, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2221-2224, 2000.
61. Riese, M., A. Franzen, X. Tie, and D. Offermann, Tracer structures in the southern hemisphere middle stratosphere observed by CRISTA-1, Adv. Space Res., 27, 1623-1628, 2001.
62. Riese, M., G. L. Manney, J. Oberheide, X. Tie, V. Küll, and D. Offermann, Stratospheric transport by planetary wave mixing as observed during CRISTA 2, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000629, in press, 2002.
63. Sharma, R. D., and P. P. Wintersteiner, Role of carbon dioxide in cooling planetary thermospheres, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2201-2204, 1990.
64. 2 in the middle atmosphere, I, Input data and populations of the v3 mode manifold states, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 289-314, 1998.
65. Smith, A. K., P. Preusse, and J. Oberheide, Middle atmosphere Kelvin waves observed in CRISTA 1 and 2 temperature and trace species, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000577, in press, 2002.
66. Spang, R., M. Riese, and D. Offermann, CRISTA-2 observations of the south polar vortex in winter 1997: A new dataset for polar process studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3159-3162, 2001.
67. Spang, R., G. Eidmann, D. Offermann, P. Preusse, L. Pfister, and P.-H. Wang, CRISTA observations of cirrus clouds around the tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000698, in press, 2002.
68. Stevens, M. H., R. R. Conway, C. R. Englert, M. E. Summers, K. U. Grossmann, and O. A. Gusev, PMCs and the water frost point in the Arctic summer mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4449-4452, 2001.
69. Tan, K. A., and S. Eckermann, Numerical simulations of mountain waves in the middle atmosphere over the Southern Andes, in Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, edited by D. E. Siskind, S. D. Eckermann, and M. E. Summers, Geophys. Monogr., vol. 103, pp. 311-318, 2000.
70. Thrane, E. V., T. A. Blix, U.-P. Hoppe, F. J. Lübken, W. Hillert, G. Lehmacher, and D. C. Fritts, A study of small-scale waves and turbulence in the mesosphere using simultaneous in situ observations of neutral gas and plasma fluctuations, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 56, 1797-1808, 1994.
71. von Zahn, U., J. Höffner, V. Eska, and M. Alpers, The mesopause altitude: Only two distinctive levels worldwide?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3231-3234, 1996.
72. Ward, W. E., J. Oberheide, M. Riese, P. Preusse, and D. Offermann, Planetary wave two signatures in CRISTA 2 ozone and temperature data, in Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, edited by D. E. Siskind, S. D. Eckermann, and M. E. Summers, Geophys. Monogr., vol. 103, pp. 319-325, 2000.
73. Wattenbach, R., and K. Moritz, Astronomical Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ASTRO-SPAS), Acta Astronaut., 40, 723-732, 1997.
74. Zoeger, M., et al., Fast in situ stratospheric hygrometers: A new family of balloon-borne and airborne Lyman-a photofragment fluorescence hygrometers, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1807-1816, 1999.