Training and transfer effects of N-back training for brain-injured and healthy subjects

Neuropsychological Rehabilitation

Volumn 26, Issue 5-6, 2016, Pages 895-909

  Lindeløv, Jonas Kristoffer ^a   Dall, Jonas Olsen ^a   Kristensen, Casper Daniel ^a   Aagesen, Marie Holt ^a   Olsen, Stine Almgren ^a   Snuggerud, Therese Ruud ^a   Sikorska, Anna ^a  

^a AALBORG UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Cognitive rehabilitation; cognitive transfer; computer; N back

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BRAIN INJURIES; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROREHABILITATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SHORT TERM MEMORY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BRAIN INJURIES; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS; HUMANS; LEARNING; MALE; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROLOGICAL REHABILITATION; THERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; TRANSFER (PSYCHOLOGY); YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84958522919     PISSN: 09602011     EISSN: 14640694     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1141692     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. E.Åkerlund,, E.Esbjörnsson,, K.S.Sunnerhagen,, & A.Björkdahl, (2013). Can computerized working memory training improve impaired working memory, cognition and psychological health? Brain Injury, 27(13-14), 1649–1657. http://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2013.830195 doi: 10.3109/02699052.2013.830195
2. A.Baddeley, (2007). Working memory, thought, and action (1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3. D.J.Barr,, R.Levy,, C.Scheepers,, & H.J.Tily, (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68(3), 255–278. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001
4. D.Bates,, M.Maechler,, B.Bolker,, & S.Walker, (2014). lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package = lme4
5. J.O.Berger,, & T.Sellke, (1987). Testing a point null hypothesis: The irreconcilability of P values and evidence. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82(397), 112. http://doi.org/10.2307/2289131
6. S.H.A.Chen,, J.D.Thomas,, R.L.Glueckauf,, & O.L.Bracy, (1997). The effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 11(3), 197–210. doi: 10.1080/026990597123647
7. W.-T.Chooi,, & L.A.Thompson, (2012). Working memory training does not improve intelligence in healthy young adults. Intelligence, 40(6), 531–542. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2012.07.004 doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2012.07.004
8. K.D.Cicerone, (2002). Remediation of “working attention” in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 16(3), 185–195. http://doi.org/10.1080/02699050110103959 doi: 10.1080/02699050110103959
9. A.Clark, (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(03), 233–253. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000477 doi: 10.1017/S0140525X12002440
10. A.R.Conway,, N.Cowan,, M.F.Bunting,, D.J.Therriault,, & S.R.Minkoff, (2002). A latent variable analysis of working memory capacity, short-term memory capacity, processing speed, and general fluid intelligence. Intelligence, 30(2), 163–183. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00096-4 doi: 10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00096-4
11. A.R.A.Conway,, M.J.Kane,, M.F.Bunting,, D.Z.Hambrick,, O.Wilhelm,, & R.W.Engle, (2005). Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user's guide. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12(5), 769–786. doi: 10.3758/BF03196772
12. N.Cowan, (1988). Evolving conceptions of memory storage, selective attention, and their mutual constraints within the human information-processing system. Psychological Bulletin, 104(2), 163–191. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.163 doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.163
13. E.Dahlin,, L.Nyberg,, L.Bäckman,, & A.S.Neely, (2008). Plasticity of executive functioning in young and older adults: Immediate training gains, transfer, and long-term maintenance. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 720–730. doi: 10.1037/a0014296
14. R.W.Engle,, S.W.Tuholski,, J.E.Laughlin,, & A.R.A.Conway, (1999). Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128(3), 309–331. http://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.309 doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.309
15. K.Friston, (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 127–138. http://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2787 doi: 10.1038/nrn2787
16. T.L.Harrison,, Z.Shipstead,, K.L.Hicks,, D.Z.Hambrick,, T.S.Redick,, & R.W.Engle, (2013). Working memory training may increase working memory capacity but not fluid intelligence. Psychological Science, 24(12), 2409–2419. http://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613492984 doi: 10.1177/0956797613492984
17. J.Holmes,, S.E.Gathercole,, & D.L.Dunning, (2009). Adaptive training leads to sustained enhancement of poor working memory in children. Developmental Science, 12(4), F9–F15. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00848.x doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00848.x
18. G.L.Iverson, (2001). Interpreting change on the WAIS-III/WMS-III in clinical samples. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16(2), 183–191. doi: 10.1093/arclin/16.2.183
19. S.M.Jaeggi,, M.Buschkuehl,, J.Jonides,, & W.J.Perrig, (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(19), 6829–6833. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0801268105
20. S.M.Jaeggi,, M.Buschkuehl,, J.Jonides,, & P.Shah, (2011). Short- and long-term benefits of cognitive training. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(25), 10081–10086. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103228108 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103228108
21. S.M.Jaeggi,, B.Studer-Luethi,, M.Buschkuehl,, Y.F.Su,, J.Jonides,, & W.J.Perrig, (2010). The relationship between n-back performance and matrix reasoning–implications for training and transfer. Intelligence, 38, 625–635. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2010.09.001
22. M.J.Kane,, D.Z.Hambrick,, S.W.Tuholski,, O.Wilhelm,, T.W.Payne,, & R.W.Engle, (2004). The generality of working memory capacity: A latent-variable approach to verbal and visuospatial memory span and reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(2), 189–217. http://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.189 doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.189
23. M.J.Kane,, B.J.Poole,, S.W.Tuholski,, & R.W.Engle, (2006). Working memory capacity and the top-down control of visual search: Exploring the boundaries of “executive attention”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32(4), 749–777. http://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.4.749
24. T.Klingberg, (2010). Training and plasticity of working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(7), 317–324. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.002 doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.002
25. J.Lindeløv, (in press). Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation following acquired brain injury: A meta-analysis of transfer effects. Clinical Psychology Review.
26. M.Liotti,, M.G.Woldorff,, R.Perez, III & H.S.Mayberg, (2000). An ERP study of the temporal course of the Stroop color-word interference effect. Neuropsychologia, 38, 701–711. doi: 10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00106-2
27. A.Lundqvist,, K.Grundström,, K.Samuelsson,, & J.Rönnberg, (2010). Computerized training of working memory in a group of patients suffering from acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 24(10), 1173–1183. http://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2010.498007 doi: 10.3109/02699052.2010.498007
28. M.Melby-Lervåg,, & C.Hulme, (2012). Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review. Developmental Psychology, 49(2), 270–291. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0028228 doi: 10.1037/a0028228
29. D.K.Middleton,, M.J.Lambert,, & L.B.Seggar, (1991). Neuropsychological rehabilitation: Microcomputer-assisted treatment of brain-injured adults. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72(2), 527–530. doi: 10.2466/pms.1991.72.2.527
30. R.D.Morey,, & J.N.Rouder, (2015). BayesFactor: Computation of Bayes factors for common designs. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package = BayesFactor
31. A.B.Morrison,, & J.M.Chein, (2010). Does working memory training work? The promise and challenges of enhancing cognition by training working memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18(1), 46–60. http://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-010-0034-0 doi: 10.3758/s13423-010-0034-0
32. N.W.Park,, & J.L.Ingles, (2001). Effectiveness of attention rehabilitation after an acquired brain injury: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychology, 15(2), 199–210. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.15.2.199
33. J.W.Peirce, (2007). PsychoPy—Psychophysics software in Python. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 162(1-2), 8–13. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017 doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017
34. D.Perkins,, & G.Salomon, (1989). Are cognitive skills context-bound? Educational Researcher, 18(1), 16–25. http://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018001016 doi: 10.3102/0013189X018001016
35. Raven, J. C., Raven, J. C., & John Hugh Court. (1962). Advanced progressive matrices. London: HK Lewis.
36. T.S.Redick,, Z.Shipstead,, T.L.Harrison,, K.L.Hicks,, D.E.Fried,, D.Z.Hambrick,, … R.W.Engle, (2012). No evidence of intelligence improvement after working memory training: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0029082
37. J.N.Rouder,, & R.D.Morey, (2012). Default Bayes factors for model selection in regression. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47(6), 877–903. http://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2012.734737 doi: 10.1080/00273171.2012.734737
38. T.A.Salthouse,, & E.J.Meinz, (1995). Aging, inhibition, working memory, and speed. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 50B(6), P297–P306. http://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/50B.6.P297 doi: 10.1093/geronb/50B.6.P297
39. M.Schmitter-Edgecombe, (2006). Implications of basic science research for brain injury rehabilitation: A focus on intact learning mechanisms. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 21(2), 131–141. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200603000-00006
40. T.Sellke,, M.J.Bayarri,, & J.O.Berger, (2001). Calibration of p values for testing precise null hypotheses. The American Statistician, 55(1), 62–71. http://doi.org/10.1198/000313001300339950 doi: 10.1198/000313001300339950
41. Z.Shipstead,, T.S.Redick,, & R.W.Engle, (2012). Is working memory training effective? Psychological Bulletin, 138(4), 628–654. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0027473 doi: 10.1037/a0027473
42. W.Sturm,, W.Dahmen,, W.Hartje,, & K.Willmes, (1983). Ergebnisse eines Trainingsprogramms zur Verbesserung der visuellen Auffassungsschnelligkeit und Konzentrationsfähigkeit bei Hirngeschädigten. Archiv Für Psychiatrie Und Nervenkrankheiten, 233(1), 9–22. doi: 10.1007/BF00540034
43. W.Sturm,, & K.Willmes, (1991). Efficacy of a reaction training on various attentional and cognitive functions in stroke patients. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1(4), 259–280. http://doi.org/10.1080/09602019108402258 doi: 10.1080/09602019108402258
44. W.Sturm,, K.Willmes,, B.Orgass,, & W.Hartje, (1997). Do specific attention deficits need specific training? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 7(2), 81–103. doi: 10.1080/713755526
45. E.Tulving,, & D.M.Thomson, (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80(5), 352–373. doi: 10.1037/h0020071
46. N.Unsworth,, R.P.Heitz,, J.C.Schrock,, & R.W.Engle, (2005). An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior Research Methods, 37(3), 498–505. doi: 10.3758/BF03192720
47. R.D.Vanderploeg,, T.A.Crowell,, & G.Curtiss, (2001). Verbal learning and memory deficits in traumatic brain injury: Encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Section A), 23(2), 185–195. http://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.23.2.185.1210 doi: 10.1076/jcen.23.2.185.1210
48. P.Verhaeghen,, & L.De Meersman, (1998). Aging and the stroop effect: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 13(1), 120–126. http://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.13.1.120 doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.13.1.120
49. E.-J.Wagenmakers, (2007). A practical solution to the pervasive problems of p values. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(5), 779–804. http://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194105 doi: 10.3758/BF03194105
50. D.Wechsler, (2008). Wechsler adult intelligence scale - Fourth edition. San Antonio: Pearson.
51. H.Westerberg,, H.Jacobaeus,, T.Hirvikoski,, P.Clevberger,, M.-L.Östensson,, A.Bartfai,, & T.Klingberg, (2007). Computerized working memory training after stroke–A pilot study. Brain Injury, 21(1), 21–29. http://doi.org/10.1080/02699050601148726 doi: 10.1080/02699050601148726
52. R.Wetzels,, D.Matzke,, M.D.Lee,, J.N.Rouder,, G.J.Iverson,, & E.-J.Wagenmakers, (2011). Statistical evidence in experimental psychology: An empirical comparison using 855 t tests. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(3), 291–298. http://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611406923 doi: 10.1177/1745691611406923
53. B.C.Yip,, & D.W.Man, (2013). Virtual reality-based prospective memory training program for people with acquired brain injury. Neurorehabilitation, 32(1), 103–115.