Is the effect of parental education on offspring biased or moderated by genotype?

Sociological Science

Volumn 2, Issue , 2015, Pages 82-105

  Conley, Dalton ^a   Domingue, Benjamin W ^b   Cesarini, David ^a   Dawes, Christopher ^a   Rietveld, Cornelius A ^c   Boardman, Jason D ^b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Gene by environment; Genotype; Heritability; Parental education; Status attainment

Indexed keywords

EID: 84958229336     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23306696     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.15195/v2.a6     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Almond, D. and B. Mazumder. 2011. "Health Capital and the Prenatal Environment: The Effect of Ramadan Observance during Pregnancy." American Economic Journal-Applied Economics 3(4):56-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.4.56.
2. Almond, D., K. Y. Chay, and D. S. Lee. 2005. "The Costs of Low Birth Weight." Quarterly Journal of Economics 20(3):1031-83.
3. Barnes, J. C.,Wright, J. P., Boutwell, B. B., Schwartz, J. A., Connolly, E. J., Nedelec, J. L., and Beaver, K. M. 2014. Demonstrating the validity of twin research in criminology. Criminology 52(4):588-626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12049.
4. Bearman, P. S. 2013. "Genes Can Point to Environments That Matter to Advance Public Health." American Journal of Public Health 103(S1):S11-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ AJPH.2013.301550.
5. Becker, G. S. and N. Tomes. "Human capital and the rise and fall of families." Pp. 257-298 in Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education, 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
6. Behrman, J. R., R. A. Pollak, and P. Taubman. 1995. From Parent to Child: Intrahousehold Allocations and Intergenerational Relations in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7. Behrman, J. R., M. R. Rosenzweig, and P. Taubman. 1996. "College Choice and Wages: Estimates Using Data on Female Twins." Review of Economics and Statistics 78(4):672-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2109954.
8. Belsky, D. W., T. E. Moffitt, R. Houts, G. G. Bennett, A. K. Biddle, J. A. Blumenthal, J. P. Evans et al. 2012. "Polygenic Risk, Rapid Childhood Growth, and the Development of Obesity." Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 166(6):515-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.131.
9. Belsky, D. W., T. E. Moffitt, T. B. Baker, A. K. Biddle, J. P. Evans, H. Harrington, R. Houts et al. 2013a. "Polygenic Risk and the Developmental Progression to Heavy, Persistent Smoking and Nicotine Dependence: Evidence from a 4-Decade Longitudinal Study." JAMA Psychiatry 70(5):534-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.736.
10. Belsky, D. W., T. E. Moffitt, and A. Caspi. 2013b. "Genetics in Population Health Science: Strategies and Opportunities." American Journal of Public Health 103:e1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301139.
11. Belsky, D. W., Sears, M. R., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Moffitt, T. E., Sugden, K. et al. 2013c. "Polygenic Risk and the Development and Course of Asthma: An Analysis of Data from a Four-Decade Longitudinal Study." The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 1(6):453-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70101-2.
12. Benjamin, D. J., D. Cesarini, M. J. H. M. van der Loos, C. T. Dawes, P. D. Koellinger, P. K. E. Magnusson, C. F. Chabris et al. 2012. "The Genetic Architecture of Economic and Political Preferences." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109(21):8026-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1120666109.
13. Björklund, A., T. Eriksson, and M. Jäntti. 2002. "Brother Correlations in Earnings in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden Compared to the United States." Journal of Population Economics 15(4):757-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480100095.
14. Black, S. E. 2007. "From the Cradle to the Labor Market? The Effect of Birth Weight on Adult Outcomes." Quarterly Journal of Economics 122(1):409-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ qjec.122.1.409.
15. Boardman, J. D., C. L. Blalock, and F. C. Pampel. 2010. "Trends in the Genetic Influences on Smoking." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51(1):108-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146509361195.
16. Branigan, A. R., K. J. McCallum, and J. Freese. 2013. "Variation in the Heritability of Educational Attainment: An International Meta-Analysis." Social Forces 92(1):109-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/sot076.
17. Breen, F. M., R. Plomin, and J. Wardle. 2006. "Heritability of Food Preferences in Young Children." Physiology and Behavior 88(4):443-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.016.
18. Conley, D. 2004. The Pecking Order: Which Siblings Succeed and Why. New York: Pantheon.
19. Conley, D. and N. G. Bennett. 2000. "Is Biology Destiny? Birth Weight and Life Chances." American Sociological Review 65(3):458-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657467.
20. Conley, D. and R. Glauber. 2008. "All in the Family? Family Composition, Resources, and Sibling Similarity in Socioeconomic Status." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 26(4):297-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2008.08.003.
21. Conley, D. and K. Strully. 2012. "BirthWeight, Infant Mortality, and Race: Twin Comparisons and Genetic/Environmental Inputs." Social Science and Medicine 69(5):768-76.
22. Conley, D., E. Rauscher, C. Dawes, P. K. Magnusson, and M. L. Siegal. 2013. "Heritability and the Equal Environments Assumption: Evidence from Multiple Samples of Misclassified Twins." Behavior Genetics 43(5):415-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s10519-013-9602-1.
23. Corcoran, M., R. Gordon, D. Laren, and G. Solon. 1992. "The Association between Men's Economic Status and Their Family and Community Origins." Journal of Human Resources 27(4):575-601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/146076.
24. Davis, J. A. and T. W. Smith. 1992. The NORC General Social Survey:A User's Guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483345246.
25. De Los Campos, G., A. I. Vazquez, R. Fernando, Y. C. Klimentidis, and D. Sorensen. 2013. "Prediction of Complex Human Traits Using the Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor." PLoS Genetics 9(7):e1003608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003608.
26. Domingue, B., J. Fletcher, D. Conley, and J. D. Boardman. 2014. "Genetic and Educational Assortative Mating among US Adults." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111(22):7996-8000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1321426111.
27. Feldman, M. W. and R. C. Lewontin. 1975. "The Heritability Hang-Up." Science 190(4220):1163-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1198102.
28. Fletcher, J. M. and J. D. Boardman. 2013. "Integrating Work from Genetics and the Social Sciences: An Introduction." Biodemography and Social Biology 59(1):1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2013.774630.
29. Fletcher, J. M. and D. Conley. 2013. "The Challenge of Causal Inference in Gene-Environment Interaction Research: Leveraging Research Designs from the Social Sciences." American Journal of Public Health 103(S1):S42-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301290.
30. Goldberger, A. S. 1978. "The Genetic Determination of Income: Comment." American Economic Review 68(5):960-69.
31. Goldberger, A. S. 1979. "Heritability." Economica 46(184):327-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/ 2553675.
32. Goldberger, A. S. and C. F. Manski. 1995. "Review Article: The Bell Curve by Herrnstein and Murray." Journal of Economic Literature 33(2):762-776.
33. Guo, G. and E. Stearns. 2002. "The Social Influences on the Realization of Genetic Potential for Intellectual Development." Social Forces 80(3):881-910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ sof.2002.0007.
34. Guo, G., L. Wang, H. Liu, and T. Randall. 2014. "Genomic Assortative Mating in Marriages in the United States," edited by Margaret M. DeAngelis. PLoS ONE 9(11):e112322.
35. Hauser, R. M. and W. H. Sewell. 1986. "Family Effects in Simple Models of Education, Occupational Status, and Earnings: Findings from theWisconsin and Kalamazoo Studies." Journal of Labor Economics 4(3):s83-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/298122.
36. Hauser, R. M., J. T. Sheridan, and J. R. Warren. 1999. "Socioeconomic Achievements of Siblings in the Life Course: New Findings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study." Research on Aging 21(2):338-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027599212008.
37. Heath, A. C., K. Berg, L. J. Eaves, M. H. Solaas, L. A. Corey, J. Sundet, P. Magnus, andW. E. Nance. 1985. "Education Policy and the Heritability of Educational Attainment." Nature 314:734-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/314734a0.
38. Herrnstein, R. J. and C. A. Murray. 1994. The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. New York: Free Press.
39. Kuo, H. H. D. and R. M. Hauser. 1995. "Trends in Family Effects on the Education of Black and White Brothers." Sociology of Education 68:136-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/ 2112779.
40. Lucchini, M., S. Della Bella, and M. Pisati. 2013. "TheWeight of the Genetic and Environmental Dimensions in the Inter-generational Transmission of Educational Success." European Sociological Review 29(2):289-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr067.
41. Mare, R. D. 1997. "Differential Fertility, Intergenerational Educational Mobility, and Racial Inequality." Social Science Research 26(3):263-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ssre.1997.0598.
42. Mare, R. D. and V. Maralani. 2006. "The Intergenerational Effects of Changes in Women's Educational Attainments." American Sociological Review 71(4):542-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240607100402.
43. Mitchell, C., S. McLanahan, J. Brooks-Gunn, I. Garfinkel, J. Hobcraft, and D. Notterman. 2013. "Genetic Differential Sensitivity to Social Environments: Implications for Research." American Journal of Public Health 103(S1):S102-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301382.
44. Nielsen, F. 2006. "Achievement and Ascription in Educational Attainment: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Adolescent Schooling." Social Forces 85(1):193-216. http: //dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2006.0135.
45. Nielsen, F. 2008. "The Nature of Social Reproduction: Two Paradigms of Social Mobility." Sociologica 3.
46. Nielsen, F. and J. M. Roos. 2011. "Genetics of Educational Attainment and the Persistence of Privilege at the Turn of the 21st Century." Working Paper.University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill.
47. Olneck, M. R. 1976. On the Use of Sibling Data to Estimate the Effects of Family Background, Cognitive Skills, and Schooling: Results from the Kalamazoo Brothers Study. Madison, WI: Institute for Research on Poverty, University ofWisconsin.
48. Page, M. E. and G. Solon. 2003. "Correlations between Brothers and Neighboring Boys in Their Adult Earnings: The Importance of Being Urban." Journal of Labor Economics 21(4):831-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/377021.
49. Plomin, R. 2009. "The Nature of Nurture." P. 61 in Experience and Development: A Festschrift in Honor of Sandra Wood Scarr, edited by K. McCartney and R. A.Weinberg. New York: Taylor and Francis.
50. Plomin, R. and F. M. Spinath. 2004. "Intelligence: Genetics, Genes, and Genomics." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86(1):112 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.112.
51. Plomin, R., M. J. Owen, and P. McGuffin. 1994. "The Genetic Basis of Complex Human Behaviors." Science 264(5166):1733-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8209254.
52. Plomin, R., D. W. Fulker, R. Corley, and J. C. DeFries. 1997. "Nature, Nurture, and Cognitive Development from 1 to 16 Years: A Parent-Offspring Adoption Study." Psychological Science 8(6):442-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00458.x.
53. Purcell, S. 2002. "Variance Components Models for Gene-Environment Interaction in Quantitative Trait Locus Linkage Analysis." Twin Research 5(6):554-71. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1375/136905202762342026.
54. Purcell, S. M., N. R. Wray, J. L. Stone, P. M. Visscher, M. C. O'Donovan, P. F. Sullivan, P. Sklar et al. 2009. "Common Polygenic Variation Contributes to Risk of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder." Nature 460(7256):748-52.
55. Rietveld, C. A., S. E. Medland, J. Derringer, and J. Yang. 2013. "GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment." Science 340(6139):1467-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1235488.
56. Rietveld, C. A., D. Conley, N. Eriksson, T. Esko, S. E. Medland, A. A. E. Vinkhuyzen, J. Yang et al. 2014. "Replicability and Robustness of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Behavioral Traits." Psychological Science 25(11):1975-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0956797614545132.
57. Rodgers, J. L., D. C. Rowe, and M. Buster. 1999. "Nature, Nurture and First Sexual Intercourse in the USA: Fitting Behavioural Genetic Models to NLSY Kinship Data." Journal of Biosocial Science 31(1):29-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021932099000292.
58. Rodgers, J. L., M. Buster, and D. C. Rowe. 2001. "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Delinquency: DF Analysis of NLSY Kinship Data." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 17(2):145-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011097929954.
59. Scarr, S. and L. Carter-Saltzman. 1979. "Twin Method: Defense of a Critical Assumption." Behavior Genetics 9(6):527-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067349.
60. Teachman, J. D. 1987. "Family Background, Educational Resources, and Educational Attainment." American Sociological Review 52(4):548-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/ 2095300.
61. Tishkoff, S. A., F. A. Reed, F. R. Friedlaender, C. Ehret, A. Ranciaro, A. Froment, J. B. Hirbo et al. 2009. "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans." Science 324(5930):1035-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1172257.
62. Torche, F. and G. Echevarría. 2011. "The Effect of Birthweight on Childhood Cognitive Development in a Middle-Income Country." International Journal of Epidemiology 40(4):1008-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr030.
63. Turkheimer, E., A. Haley, M. Waldron, B. D'Onofrio, and I. I. Gottesman. 2003. "Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children." Psychological Science 14(6):623-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x.
64. U.S. Census Bureau. 2012. "Educational Attainment by State: 1990 to 2009." Table 233. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab.
65. Visscher, P. M., S. E. Medland, and M. A. R. Ferreira. 2006. "Assumption-free estimation of heritability from genome-wide identity-by-descent sharing between full siblings." PloS Genetics 2(3):e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020041.
66. Visscher, P. M., J. Yang, and M. E. Goddard. 2010. "A Commentary on 'Common SNPs Explain a Large Proportion of the Heritability for Human Height' by Yang et al. (2010)." Twin Research and Human Genetics 13(6):517-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.13.6.517.
67. Warren, J. R. and R. M. Hauser. 1997. "Social Stratification across Three Generations: New Evidence from theWisconsin Longitudinal Study." American Sociological Review 62(4):561-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657426.
68. Warren, J. R., J. T. Sheridan, and R. M. Hauser. 2002. "Occupational Stratification across the Life Course: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study." American Sociological Review 67(3):432-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088965.
69. Yang, J., B. Benyamin, and B. P. McEvoy. 2010. "Common SNPs Explain a Large Proportion of the Heritability for Human Height." Nature Genetics 42(7):565-69. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1038/ng.608.
70. Zaitlen, N., P. Kraft, N. Patterson, B. Pasaniuc, G. Bhatia, S. Pollack, and A. L. Price. 2013. "Using Extended Genealogy to Estimate Components of Heritability for 23 Quantitative and Dichotomous Traits." PLoS Genetics 9(5):e1003520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pgen.1003520.