Stratospheric temperature changes during the satellite era

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 121, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 664-681

  Seidel, Dian J ^a   Li, Jian ^a,b   Mears, Carl ^c   Moradi, Isaac ^d   Nash, John ^e   Randel, William J ^f   Saunders, Roger ^e   Thompson, David W J ^g   Zou, Cheng Zhi ^a  

^a NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Earth Resources Technology Inc   (United States)

^c REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^e MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

^f NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^g Department of Mechanical Engineering   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE DATA; SOLAR CYCLE; STRATOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE ANOMALY; TREND ANALYSIS; VOLCANIC AEROSOL;

ALABAMA; HUNTSVILLE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84958175234     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2015JD024039     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Angell, J. K. (1993), Comparison of stratospheric warming following Agung, El Chichon and Pinatubo volcanic eruptions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 715–718.
2. Austin, J., et al. (2008), Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of the solar cycle in ozone and temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D11306, doi:10.1029/2007JD009391.
3. Baldwin, M. P., et al. (2001), The quasi-biennial oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 39(2), 179–229, doi:10.1029/1999RG000073.
4. Bourassa, A. E., D. A. Degenstein, W. J. Randel, J. M. Zawodny, E. Kyrölä, C. A. McLinden, C. E. Sioris, and C. Z. Roth (2014), Trends in stratospheric ozone derived from merged SAGE II and Odin-OSIRIS satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6983–6994, doi:10.5194/acp-14-6983-2014.
5. Butchart, N., et al. (2011), Multimodel climate and variability of the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D05102, doi:10.1029/2010JD014995.
6. Calvo Fernandez, N., R. R. Garcia, R. G. Herrera, D. G. Puyol, L. G. Presa, E. H. Martin, and P. R. Rodriguez (2004), Analysis of the ENSO signal in tropospheric and stratospheric temperatures observed by MSU, 1979–2000, J. Clim., 17, 3934–3946.
7. Calvo, N., R. R. Garcia, W. J. Randel, and D. Marsh (2010), Dynamical mechanism for the increase in tropical upwelling in the lowermost tropical stratosphere during warm ENSO events, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2331–2340.
8. Charlton-Perez, A., et al. (2013), On the lack of stratospheric dynamical variability in low-top versions of the CMIP5 models, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2494–2505, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50125.
9. Christy, J. R., R. W. Spencer, W. B. Norris, and W. D. Braswell (2003), Error estimates of version 5.0 of MSU-AMSU bulk atmospheric temperature, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 613–629.
10. Dee, D. P., E. Källén, A. J. Simmons, and L. Haimberger (2010), Comments on “Reanalyses suitable for characterizing longterm trends”, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92, 65–70, doi:10.1175/2010BAMS3070.1.
11. Driscoll, S., A. Bozzo, L. J. Gray, A. Robock, and G. Stenchikov (2012), Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) simulations of climate following volcanic eruptions, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D17105, doi:10.1029/2012JD017607.
12. Errera, Q., M. Fujiwara, C. Long, and D. Jackson (2015), Report from the 10th SPARC data assimilation workshop and the 2014 SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) workshop in Washington DC, USA. SPARC Newsletter, No. 44, 31–38, January 2015. [Available at http://www.sparc-climate.org/fileadmin/customer/6_Publications/Newsletter_PDF/44_SPARCnewsletter_Jan2015_WEB.pdf.]
13. Ferraro, A. J., M. Collins, and F. H. Lambert (2015), A hiatus in the stratosphere, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 497–498, doi:10.1038/nclimate2624.
14. Forbes, J. M., X. Zhang, and D. R. Marsh (2014), Solar cycle dependence of middle atmosphere temperatures, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 9615–9625, doi:10.1002/2014JD021484.
15. Free, M., and D. J. Seidel (2009), Observed El Niño–Southern Oscillation temperature signal in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D23108, doi:10.1029/2009JD012420.
16. Free, M., and J. R. Lanzante (2009), Effect of volcanic eruptions on the vertical temperature profile in radiosonde data and climate models, J. Clim., 22, 2925–2939, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2562.1.
17. Fu, Q., and P. Lin (2011), Poleward shift of subtropical jets inferred from satellite-observed lower stratospheric temperatures, J. Clim., 24, 5597–5603, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00027.1.
18. Fu, Q., C. M. Johanson, S. G. Warren, and D. J. Seidel (2004), Contribution of stratospheric cooling to satellite-inferred tropospheric temperature trends, Nature, 429, 55–58, doi:10.1038/nature02524.
19. Fu, Q., C. M. Johanson, J. M. Wallace, and T. Reichler (2006), Enhanced mid-latitude tropospheric warming in satellite measurements, Science, 312, 1179.
20. Fu, Q., P. Lin, S. Solomon, and D. L. Hartmann (2015), Observational evidence of strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation since 1980, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 10,214–10,228, doi:10.1002/2015JD023657.
21. García-Comas, M., et al. (2014), MIPAS temperature from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere: Comparison of vM21 with ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, SABER, SOFIE and lidar measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3633–3651, doi:10.5194/amt-7-3633-2014.
22. Garfinkel, C. I., and D. L. Hartmann (2007), The effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and the El-Nino Southern Oscillation on polar temperatures in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 112, doi:10.1029/2007JD008481.
23. Gillett, N. P., et al. (2011), Attribution of observed changes in stratospheric ozone and temperature, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 599–609.
24. Holton, J. R., and H.-C. Tan (1980), The influence of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation on the global circulation at 50 mb, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2200–2208.
25. Hood, L. L., B. E. Soukharev, and J. P. McCormack (2010), Decadal variability of the tropical stratosphere: Secondary influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D11113, doi:10.1029/2009JD012291.
26. IPCC (2013), Summary for policymakers, in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by T. F. Stocker et al., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K., and New York.
27. Kobayashi, S., et al. (2015), The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 93(1), 5–48, doi:10.2151/jmsj.2015-001.
28. Kyrölä, E., M. Laine, V. Sofieva, J. Tamminen, S.-M. Päivärinta, S. Tukiainen, J. Zawodny, and L. Thomason (2013), Combined SAGE II-GOMOS ozone profile data set for 1984–2011 and trend analysis of the vertical distribution of ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10,645–10,658, doi:10.5194/acp-13-10645-2013.
29. Long, C. S., and J. R. Christy (2014), [Temperature] Lower stratospheric temperature [in “State of the Climate in 2013”], Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, S14–S15.
30. Manabe, S., and R. Wetherald (1967), Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity, J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 241–259.
31. McLandress, C., T. G. Shepherd, A. I. Jonsson, T. von Clarmann, and B. Funke (2015), A method for merging nadir-sounding climate records, with an application to the global-mean stratospheric temperature data sets from SSU and AMSU, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 15, 10,085–10,122, doi:10.5194/acpd-15-10085-2015.
32. Mears, C. A., and F. J. Wentz (2009), Construction of the Remote Sensing Systems V3.2 atmospheric temperature records from the MSU and AMSU microwave sounders, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 1040–1056.
33. Mears, C. A., F. J. Wentz, P. Thorne, and D. Bernie (2011), Assessing uncertainty in estimates of atmospheric temperature changes from MSU and AMSU using a Monte-Carlo estimation technique, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D08112, doi:10.1029/2010JD014954.
34. Mitchell, D. M., et al. (2014), Signatures of naturally induced variability in the atmosphere using multiple reanalysis datasets, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., doi:10.1002/qj.2492.
35. Nash, J., and R. Saunders (2015), A review of Stratospheric Sounding Unit radiance observations for climate trends and reanalyses, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 141, 2103–2113, doi:10.1002/qj.2505.
36. Naujokat, B. (1981), Long-term variations in the stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere during the last two sunspot cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9811–9816.
37. Naujokat, B. (1986), An update of the observed quasi-biennial oscillation of the stratospheric winds over the tropics, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1873–1877.
38. Parker, D. E., and J. K. L. Brownscombe (1983), Stratospheric warming following the El Chichón volcanic eruption, Nature, 301, 406–408.
39. Pawson, S., K. Labitzke, and S. Leder (1998), Stepwise changes in stratospheric temperature, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2157–2160.
40. Ramanathan, V., L. B. Callis, and R. E. Boughner (1976), Sensitivity of surface-temperature and atmospheric-temperature to perturbations in stratospheric concentration of ozone and nitrogen-dioxide, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1092–1112.
41. Ramaswamy, V., et al. (2001), Stratospheric temperature trends: Observations and model simulations, Rev. Geophys., 39, 71–122.
42. Ramaswamy, V., M. D. Schwarzkopf, W. J. Randel, B. D. Santer, B. J. Soden, and G. Stenchikov (2006), Anthropogenic and natural influences in the evolution of lower stratospheric cooling, Science, 311, doi:10.1126/science.1122587.
43. Randel, W. J., F. Wu, R. Swinbank, J. Nash, and A. O’Neill (1999), Global QBO circulation derived from UKMO stratospheric analyses, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 457–474.
44. Randel, W. J., R. R. Garcia, N. Calvo, and D. Marsh (2009a), ENSO influence on zonal mean temperature and ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15822, doi:10.1029/2009GL039343.
45. Randel, W. J., et al. (2009b), An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02107, doi:10.1029/2008JD010421.
46. Robock, A. (2000), Volcanic eruptions and climate, Rev. Geophys., 38, 191–219.
47. Sato, M., J. E. Hansen, M. P. McCormick, and J. B. Pollack (1993), Stratospheric aerosol optical depth, 1850–1990, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,987–22,994.
48. Schwartz, M. J., et al. (2008), Validation of the aura microwave limb sounder temperature and geopotential height measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15S11, doi:10.1029/2007JD008783.
49. Seidel, D. J., and J. R. Lanzante (2004), An assessment of three alternatives to linear trends for characterizing global atmospheric temperature changes, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14108, doi:10.1029/2003JD004414.
50. Seidel, D. J., R. J. Ross, J. K. Angell, and G. C. Reid (2001), Climatological characteristics of the tropical tropopause as revealed by radiosondes, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7857–7878, doi:10.1029/2000JD900837.
51. Seidel, D. J., et al. (2004), Uncertainty in signals of large-scale climate variations in radiosonde and satellite upper-air temperature datasets, J. Clim., 17, 2225–2240.
52. Seidel, D. J., N. P. Gillett, J. R. Lanzante, K. P. Shine, and P. W. Thorne (2011), Stratospheric temperature trends: Our evolving understanding, Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change, 2, 592–616, doi:10.1002/wcc.125.
53. Shine, K. P., et al. (2003), A comparison of model-predicted trends in stratospheric temperatures, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 1565–1588, doi:10.1256/qj.02.186.
54. Simmons, A. J., P. Poli, D. P. Dee, P. Berrisford, H. Hersbach, S. Kobayashi, and C. Peubey (2014), Estimating low-frequency variability and trends in atmospheric temperature using ERA-Interim, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 140, 329–353, doi:10.1002/qj.2317.
55. Steiner, A. K., et al. (2013), Quantification of structural uncertainty in climate data records from GPS radio occultation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1469–1484, doi:10.5194/acp-13-1469-2013.
56. Taguchi, M., and D. L. Hartmann (2006), Increased occurrence of stratospheric sudden warmings during El Nino as simulated WACCM, J. Clim., 19, 324–332.
57. Tapping, K. F., and D. C. Morton (2013), The next generation of Canadian solar flux monitoring, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 440, 012039, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/440/1/012039.
58. Thompson, D. W. J., and S. Solomon (2009), Understanding recent stratospheric climate change, J. Clim., 22, 1934–1943.
59. Thompson, D. W. J., D. J. Seidel, W. J. Randel, C.-Z. Zou, A. H. Butler, R. Lin, C. Long, C. Mears, and A. Osso (2012), The mystery of recent stratospheric temperature trends, Nature, 491, 692–697, doi:10.1038/nature11579.
60. Thorne, P. W., and R. S. Vose (2010), Reanalyses suitable for characterizing long-term trends: Are they really achievable?, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 91, 353–361.
61. Thorne, P. W., D. E. Parker, J. R. Christy, and C. A. Mears (2005), Uncertainties in climate trends: Lessons from upper-air temperature records, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 1437–1442, doi:10.1175/BAMS-86-10-1437.
62. Tummon, F., et al. (2015), Intercomparison of vertically resolved merged satellite ozone data sets: Interannual variability and long-term trends, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3021–3043, doi:10.5194/acp-15-3021-2015.
63. van Loon, H., and K. Labitzke (1987), The Southern Oscillation. Part V: The anomalies in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in winter and a comparison with the quasi-biennial oscillation, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 357–369.
64. Wallace, J. M., L. Panetta, and J. Estberg (1993), A phase-space representation of the equatorial stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1751–1762.
65. Wang, W., and C.-Z. Zou (2014), AMSU-A-only atmospheric temperature data records from the lower troposphere to the top of the stratosphere, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 31, 808–825, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00134.1.
66. WMO (World Meteorological Organization) (2014), Assessment for decision-makers: Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2014, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—Report No. 56, Geneva, Switzerland, 88 pp.
67. Wolter, K., and M. S. Timlin (2011), El Niño/Southern Oscillation behaviour since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext), Int. J. Climatol., 31, 1074–1087, doi:10.1002/joc.2336.
68. Zou, C.-Z., M. Goldberg, Z. Cheng, N. Grody, J. Sullivan, C. Cao, and D. Tarpley (2006), Recalibration of microwave sounding unit for climate studies using simultaneous nadir overpasses, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D19114, doi:10.1029/2005JD006798.
69. Zou, C.-Z., H. Qian, W. Wang, L. Wang, and C. Long (2014), Recalibration and merging of SSU observations for stratospheric temperature trend studies, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 13,180–13,205, doi:10.1002/2014JD021603.