Dimensional Tailoring of Hydrothermally Grown Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays

Nano Letters

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 753-759

  Cheng, Jayce J ^a   Nicaise, Samuel M ^b   Berggren, Karl K ^b   Gradečak, Silvija ^a  

^a Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge   (United States)

^b Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science   (United States)

Author keywords

hydrothermal growth; morphological tailoring; nanowire density control; nanowires; reaction limited growth; Zinc oxide

Indexed keywords

NANOWIRES; REACTION RATES; SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; SURFACE REACTIONS; ZINC; ZINC OXIDE;

CONTINUOUS-FLOW SYNTHESIS; HYDROTHERMAL GROWTH; HYDROTHERMALLY SYNTHESIZED; MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; MORPHOLOGICAL TAILORING; NANOSTRUCTURED SEMICONDUCTOR; REACTION LIMITEDS; ZINC OXIDE NANOWIRE ARRAYS;

HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS;

EID: 84957553640     PISSN: 15306984     EISSN: 15306992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04625     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Law, M.; Greene, L. E.; Johnson, J. C.; Saykally, R.; Yang, P. Nanowire Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 455-459 10.1038/nmat1387
2. Chu, S.; Wang, G.; Zhou, W.; Lin, Y.; Chernyak, L.; Zhao, J.; Kong, J.; Li, L.; Ren, J.; Liu, J. Electrically Pumped Waveguide Lasing from ZnO Nanowires Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011, 6, 506-510 10.1038/nnano.2011.97
3. Jean, J.; Chang, S.; Brown, P. R.; Cheng, J. J.; Rekemeyer, P. H.; Bawendi, M. G.; Gradečak, S.; Bulović, V. ZnO Nanowire Arrays for Enhanced Photocurrent in PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2790-2796 10.1002/adma.201204192
4. Kramer, I. J.; Zhitomirsky, D.; Bass, J. D.; Rice, P. M.; Topuria, T.; Krupp, L.; Thon, S. M.; Ip, A. H.; Debnath, R.; Kim, H.-C. Ordered Nanopillar Structured Electrodes for Depleted Bulk Heterojunction Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 2315-2319 10.1002/adma.201104832
5. Nicaise, S.; Cheng, J.; Kiani, A.; Gradecak, S.; Berggren, K. Control of Zinc Oxide Nanowire Array Properties with Electron Beam Lithography Templating for PV Applications Nanotechnology 2015, 26, 075303-075311 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/075303
6. Wang, Z. L.; Song, J. Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays Science 2006, 312, 242-246 10.1126/science.1124005
7. Brewster, M. M.; Zhou, X.; Lu, M.-Y.; Gradečak, S. The Interplay of Structural and Optical Properties in Individual ZnO Nanostructures Nanoscale 2012, 4, 1455-1462 10.1039/c2nr11706a
8. Vayssieres, L. Growth of Arrayed Nanorods and Nanowires of ZnO from Aqueous Solutions Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 464-466 10.1002/adma.200390108
9. Tak, Y.; Yong, K. Controlled Growth of Well-Aligned ZnO Nanorod Array Using a Novel Solution Method J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 19263-19269 10.1021/jp0538767
10. Greene, L. E.; Law, M.; Goldberger, J.; Kim, F.; Johnson, J. C.; Zhang, Y.; Saykally, R. J.; Yang, P. Low-Temperature Wafer-Scale Production of ZnO Nanowire Arrays Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3031-3034 10.1002/anie.200351461
11. Greene, L. E.; Law, M.; Tan, D. H.; Montano, M.; Goldberger, J.; Somorjai, G.; Yang, P. General Route to Vertical ZnO Nanowire Arrays Using Textured ZnO Seeds Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 1231-1236 10.1021/nl050788p
12. Liu, X.; Jin, Z.; Bu, S.; Zhao, J.; Liu, Z. Growth of ZnO Films with Controlled Morphology by Aqueous Solution Method J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2006, 89, 1226-1231 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00881.x
13. Chen, L.-Y.; Yin, Y.-T.; Chen, C.-H.; Chiou, J.-W. Influence of Polyethyleneimine and Ammonium on the Growth of ZnO Nanowires by Hydrothermal Method J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 20913-20919 10.1021/jp2056199
14. Joo, J.; Chow, B. Y.; Prakash, M.; Boyden, E. S.; Jacobson, J. M. Face-Selective Electrostatic Control of Hydrothermal Zinc Oxide Nanowire Synthesis Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 596-601 10.1038/nmat3069
15. Lee, J. M.; No, Y.-S.; Kim, S.; Park, H.-G.; Park, W. Il. Strong Interactive Growth Behaviours in Solution-Phase Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanostructures Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 6325-6332 10.1038/ncomms7325
16. Huang, J.-S.; Lin, C.-F. Influences of ZnO Sol-Gel Thin Film Characteristics on ZnO Nanowire Arrays Prepared at Low Temperature Using All Solution-Based Processing J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 103, 014304-014309 10.1063/1.2828172
17. Chen, L.-Y.; Yin, Y.-T. Facile Continuous Flow Injection Process for High Quality Long ZnO Nanowire Arrays Synthesis Cryst. Growth Des. 2012, 12, 1055-1059 10.1021/cg201316f
18. Xu, S.; Qin, Y.; Xu, C.; Wei, Y.; Yang, R.; Wang, Z. L. Self-Powered Nanowire Devices Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 5, 366-373 10.1038/nnano.2010.46
19. Liu, J.; She, J.; Deng, S.; Chen, J.; Xu, N. Ultrathin Seed-Layer for Tuning Density of ZnO Nanowire Arrays and Their Field Emission Characteristics J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 11685-11690 10.1021/jp8015563
20. Alenezi, M. R.; Henley, S. J.; Silva, S. R. P. On-Chip Fabrication of High Performance Nanostructured ZnO UV Detectors Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 8516-8524 10.1038/srep08516
21. Zhang, D.; Wang, S.; Cheng, K.; Dai, S.; Hu, B.; Han, X.; Shi, Q.; Du, Z. Controllable Fabrication of Patterned ZnO Nanorod Arrays: Investigations into the Impacts on Their Morphology ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 2969-2977 10.1021/am3003473
22. Jung, M.-H.; Lee, H. Selective Patterning of ZnO Nanorods on Silicon Substrates Using Nanoimprint Lithography Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2011, 6, 159-169 10.1186/1556-276X-6-159
23. Erdelyi, R.; Nagata, T.; Rogers, D. J.; Teherani, F. H.; Horvath, Z. E.; Labadi, Z.; Baji, Z.; Wakayama, Y.; Volk, J. Investigations into the Impact of the Template Layer on ZnO Nanowire Arrays Made Using Low Temperature Wet Chemical Growth Cryst. Growth Des. 2011, 11, 2515-2519 10.1021/cg2002755
24. Kim, Y.-J.; Lee, C.-H.; Hong, Y. J.; Yi, G.-C.; Kim, S. S.; Cheong, H. Controlled Selective Growth of ZnO Nanorod and Microrod Arrays on Si Substrates by a Wet Chemical Method Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 163128-163130 10.1063/1.2364162
25. Wei, Y.; Wu, W.; Guo, R.; Yuan, D.; Das, S.; Wang, Z. L. Wafer-Scale High-Throughput Ordered Growth of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanowire Arrays Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3414-3419 10.1021/nl1014298
26. McPeak, K. M.; Baxter, J. B. ZnO Nanowires Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition in a Continuous Flow Microreactor Cryst. Growth Des. 2009, 9, 4538-4545 10.1021/cg900551f
27. Xu, S.; Adiga, N.; Ba, S.; Dasgupta, T.; Wu, C. F. J.; Wang, Z. L. Optimizing and Improving the Growth Quality of ZnO Nanowire Arrays Guided by Statistical Design of Experiments ACS Nano 2009, 3, 1803-1812 10.1021/nn900523p
28. Kubota, N.; Mullin, J. W. A Kinetic Model for Crystal Growth from Aqueous Solution in the Presence of Impurity J. Cryst. Growth 1995, 152, 203-208 10.1016/0022-0248(95)00128-X
29. Martins, P. M.; Rocha, F. A.; Rein, P. The Influence of Impurities on the Crystal Growth Kinetics according to a Competitive Adsorption Model Cryst. Growth Des. 2006, 6, 2814-2821 10.1021/cg060448x
30. Tay, C. B.; Tang, J.; Nguyen, X. S.; Huang, X. H.; Chai, J. W.; Venkatesan, V. T.; Chua, S. J. Low Temperature Aqueous Solution Route to Reliable P-Type Doping in ZnO with K: Growth Chemistry, Doping Mechanism, and Thermal Stability J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 24239-24247 10.1021/jp3070757
31. Chernov, A. A.; Rashkovich, L. N.; Mkrtchan, A. A. Solution Growth Kinetics and Mechanism-Prismatic Face of ADP J. Cryst. Growth 1986, 74, 101-112 10.1016/0022-0248(86)90252-6
32. Morin, S. A.; Bierman, M. J.; Tong, J.; Jin, S. Mechanism and Kinetics of Spontaneous Nanotube Growth Driven by Screw Dislocations Science 2010, 328, 476-480 10.1126/science.1182977
33. Govender, K.; Boyle, D. S.; Kenway, P. B.; Brien, P. O. Understanding the Factors That Govern the Deposition and Morphology of Thin Films of ZnO from Aqueous Solution J. Mater. Chem. 2004, 14, 2575-2591 10.1039/b404784b
34. Markov, I. V. Crystal Growth for Beginners, 2 nd ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd: Singapore, 2004.
35. Baruah, S.; Dutta, J. pH-Dependent Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods J. Cryst. Growth 2009, 311, 2549-2554 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.01.135
36. Sun, Y.; Riley, D. J.; Ashfold, M. N. R. Mechanism of ZnO Nanotube Growth by Hydrothermal Methods on ZnO Film-Coated Si Substrates J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 15186-15192 10.1021/jp062299z
37. Li, Q.; Kumar, V.; Li, Y.; Zhang, H.; Marks, T. J.; Chang, R. P. H. Fabrication of ZnO Nanorods and Nanotubes in Aqueous Solutions Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 1001-1006 10.1021/cm048144q
38. Kozhummal, R.; Yang, Y.; Guder, F.; Hartel, A.; Lu, X.; Kucukbayrak, U. M.; Mateo-Alonso, A.; Elwenspoek, M.; Zacharias, M. Homoepitaxial Branching: An Unusual Polymorph of Zinc Oxide Derived from Seeded Solution Growth ACS Nano 2012, 6, 7133-7141 10.1021/nn302188q
39. Richardson, J. J.; Lange, F. F. Controlling Low Temperature Aqueous Synthesis of ZnO. 1. Thermodynamic Analysis Cryst. Growth Des. 2009, 9, 2570-2575 10.1021/cg900082u
40. Boercker, J. E.; Schmidt, J. B.; Aydil, E. S. Transport Limited Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanowires Cryst. Growth Des. 2009, 9, 2783-2789 10.1021/cg900021u
41. Wu, W.-Y.; Yeh, C.-C.; Ting, J.-M. Effects of Seed Layer Characteristics on the Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2009, 92, 2718-2723 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03022.x
42. Xu, C.; Gao, D. Two-Stage Hydrothermal Growth of Long ZnO Nanowires for Efficient TiO 2 Nanotube-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 7236-7241 10.1021/jp300960r
43. Kramer, I.; Sargent, E. Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics: A Path Forward ACS Nano 2011, 5, 8506-8514 10.1021/nn203438u
44. Oelkers, E. H.; Helgeson, H. C. Calculation of the Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Aqueous Species at High Pressures and Temperatures: Aqueous Tracer Diffusion Coefficients of Ions to 1000°C and 5 Kb Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1988, 52, 63-85 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90057-9
45. Persson, I. Hydrated Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution: How Regular Are Their Structures? Pure Appl. Chem. 2010, 82, 1901-1917 10.1351/PAC-CON-09-10-22
46. Chernov, A. A. Notes on Interface Growth Kinetics 50 Years after Burton, Cabrera and Frank J. Cryst. Growth 2004, 264, 499-518 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.12.076
47. Burton, W. K.; Cabrera, N.; Frank, F. C. The Growth of Crystals and the Equilibrium Structure of Their Surfaces Philos. Trans. R. Soc., A 1951, 243, 299-358 10.1098/rsta.1951.0006
48. Bennema, P. The Importance of Surface Diffusion for Crystal Growth from Solution J. Cryst. Growth 1969, 5, 29-43 10.1016/0022-0248(69)90074-8
49. Pradel, K. C.; Wu, W.; Ding, Y.; Wang, Z. L. Solution-Derived ZnO Homojunction Nanowire Films on Wearable Substrates for Energy Conversion and Self-Powered Gesture Recognition Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 6897-6905 10.1021/nl5029182
50. Sangwal, K. Effect of Impurities on Crystal Growth Processes Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact. Mater. 1996, 32, 3-43 10.1016/0960-8974(96)00008-3
51. Tian, Z. R.; Voigt, J. A.; Liu, J.; McKenzie, B.; McDermott, M. J.; Rodriguez, M. A.; Konishi, H.; Xu, H. Complex and Oriented ZnO Nanostructures Nat. Mater. 2003, 2, 821-826 10.1038/nmat1014
52. McPeak, K. M.; Le, T. P.; Britton, N. G.; Nickolov, Z. S.; Elabd, Y. A.; Baxter, J. B. Chemical Bath Deposition of ZnO Nanowires at near-Neutral pH Conditions without Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA): Understanding the Role of HMTA in ZnO Nanowire Growth Langmuir 2011, 27, 3672-3677 10.1021/la105147u