메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 187-211

A Multi-Study Examination of Well-Being Theory in College and Community Samples

Author keywords

Engagement; Health; PERMA; Relationships achievement; Well being theory

Indexed keywords


EID: 84957431537     PISSN: 13894978     EISSN: 15737780     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10902-014-9590-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (96)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 33846807786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On tests and indices for evaluating structural models
    • Bentler, P. M. (2007). On tests and indices for evaluating structural models. Personality and Individual Differences,42, 825–829. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.024.
    • (2007) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.42 , pp. 825-829
    • Bentler, P.M.1
  • 3
    • 0033722471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A validation of the subjective vitality scale using structural equation modeling
    • Bostic, T., Rubio, D., & Hood, M. (2000). A validation of the subjective vitality scale using structural equation modeling. Social Indicators Research,52, 313–324. doi:10.1023/A:1007136110218.
    • (2000) Social Indicators Research , vol.52 , pp. 313-324
    • Bostic, T.1    Rubio, D.2    Hood, M.3
  • 4
    • 0020431952 scopus 로고
    • Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect
    • Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,52(4), 664–678. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x.
    • (1982) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 664-678
    • Bowlby, J.1
  • 5
    • 84985233988 scopus 로고
    • The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales
    • Briggs, S., & Cheek, J. (1986). The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. Journal of Personality,54, 106–148. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00391.x.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality , vol.54 , pp. 106-148
    • Briggs, S.1    Cheek, J.2
  • 6
    • 79960392344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data?
    • Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science,6, 3–5. doi:10.1177/1745691610393980.
    • (2011) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.6 , pp. 3-5
    • Buhrmester, M.1    Kwang, T.2    Gosling, S.D.3
  • 8
    • 0012828676 scopus 로고
    • The quality of experience in the flow channels: Comparison of Italian and U.S. students
    • Csikszentmihalyi M, Csikszentmihalyi I, (eds), Cambridge University Press, NY
    • Carli, M., Delle Fave, A., & Massimini, F. (1988). The quality of experience in the flow channels: Comparison of Italian and U.S. students. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 288–318). NY: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1177/000841749806500105.
    • (1988) Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness , pp. 288-318
    • Carli, M.1    Delle Fave, A.2    Massimini, F.3
  • 9
    • 63749131883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meaningfulness, commitment, and engagement: The intersection of a deeper level of intrinsic motivation
    • Chalofsky, N., & Krishna, V. (2009). Meaningfulness, commitment, and engagement: The intersection of a deeper level of intrinsic motivation. Advances in Developing Human Resources,11(2), 189–203. doi:10.1177/1523422309333147.
    • (2009) Advances in Developing Human Resources , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-203
    • Chalofsky, N.1    Krishna, V.2
  • 10
    • 0000155481 scopus 로고
    • Measuring meaning in life: An examination of three scales
    • Chamberlain, K., & Zika, S. (1988). Measuring meaning in life: An examination of three scales. Personality and Individual Differences,9(3), 589–596. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(88)90157-2.
    • (1988) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 589-596
    • Chamberlain, K.1    Zika, S.2
  • 11
    • 84947488468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does infant happiness forecast adult life satisfaction?
    • Examining subjective well-being in the first quarter century of life, Journal of Happiness Studies
    • Coffey, J. K., Warren, M., & Gottfried, A. (2014). Does infant happiness forecast adult life satisfaction? Examining subjective well-being in the first quarter century of life. Journal of Happiness Studies. doi: 10.1007/s10902-014-9556-x.
    • (2014)
    • Coffey, J.K.1    Warren, M.2    Gottfried, A.3
  • 12
    • 77958543534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive emotions
    • Lopez SJ, Snyder CR, (eds), Oxford University Press, NY
    • Cohn, M., & Fredrickson, B. (2009). Positive emotions. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed., pp. 13–24). NY: Oxford University Press.
    • (2009) Oxford handbook of positive psychology , pp. 13-24
    • Cohn, M.1    Fredrickson, B.2
  • 13
    • 0002411439 scopus 로고
    • The flow experience and its significance for human psychology
    • Csikszentmihalyi M, Csikszentmihalyi I, (eds), Cambridge University Press, NY
    • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 15–35). NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1988) Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness , pp. 15-35
    • Csikszentmihalyi, M.1
  • 16
    • 38249004960 scopus 로고
    • On the psychometric properties of the life regard index (LRI): A measure of meaningful life: An evaluation in three independent samples based on the dutch version
    • Debats, D., Van der Lubbe, P., & Wezeman, F. (1993). On the psychometric properties of the life regard index (LRI): A measure of meaningful life: An evaluation in three independent samples based on the dutch version. Personality and Individual Differences,14, 337–345. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90132-M.
    • (1993) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.14 , pp. 337-345
    • Debats, D.1    Van der Lubbe, P.2    Wezeman, F.3
  • 17
    • 84975894843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index
    • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist,55(1), 34–43. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.
    • (2000) American Psychologist , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-43
    • Diener, E.1
  • 18
    • 0021530020 scopus 로고
    • The independence of positive and negative affect
    • Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,47, 1105–1117. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1105.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 1105-1117
    • Diener, E.1    Emmons, R.A.2
  • 20
    • 0011737594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Money and happiness: Income and subjective well-being across nations
    • Diener E, Suh EM, (eds), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA US
    • Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2000). Money and happiness: Income and subjective well-being across nations. In E. Diener & E. M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and subjective well-being (pp. 185–218). Cambridge, MA US: The MIT Press.
    • (2000) Culture and subjective well-being , pp. 185-218
    • Diener, E.1    Oishi, S.2
  • 21
    • 0036364083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very happy people
    • Diener, E., & Seligman, M. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science,13(1), 81–84. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00415.
    • (2002) Psychological Science , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-84
    • Diener, E.1    Seligman, M.2
  • 22
    • 77951974768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings
    • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., et al. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research,97(2), 143–156. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y.
    • (2010) Social Indicators Research , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-156
    • Diener, E.1    Wirtz, D.2    Tov, W.3    Kim-Prieto, C.4    Choi, D.5    Oishi, S.6    Biswas-Diener, R.7
  • 24
    • 61649113461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of the short grit scale (GRIT–S)
    • Duckworth, A., & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the short grit scale (GRIT–S). Journal of Personality Assessment,91(2), 166–174. doi:10.1080/00223890802634290.
    • (2009) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.91 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-174
    • Duckworth, A.1    Quinn, P.D.2
  • 26
    • 24944474320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivation, flow-experience, and performance in learning settings at Universities
    • Engeser, S., Rheinberg, F., Vollmeyer, R., & Bischoff, J. (2005). Motivation, flow-experience, and performance in learning settings at Universities. German Journal of Educational Psychology,19, 159–172. doi:10.1024/1010-0652.19.3.159.
    • (2005) German Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 159-172
    • Engeser, S.1    Rheinberg, F.2    Vollmeyer, R.3    Bischoff, J.4
  • 28
    • 85043904715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions
    • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist,56(3), 218–226. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218.
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 218-226
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1
  • 29
    • 0043289837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in prosocial behavior engagement
    • Gagné, M. (2003). The role of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in prosocial behavior engagement. Motivation and Emotion,27, 199–223. doi:10.1023/A:1025007614869.
    • (2003) Motivation and Emotion , vol.27 , pp. 199-223
    • Gagné, M.1
  • 31
    • 84903844120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural equation modeling with missing data
    • Hoyle RH, (ed), Guilford Press, New York
    • Graham, J. W., & Coffman, D. L. (2012). Structural equation modeling with missing data. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of structural equation modeling (pp. 277–295). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2012) Handbook of structural equation modeling , pp. 277-295
    • Graham, J.W.1    Coffman, D.L.2
  • 32
    • 0141483791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clarifying achievement goals and their impact
    • Grant, H., & Dweck, C. (2003). Clarifying achievement goals and their impact. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,85(3), 541–553. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.541.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 541-553
    • Grant, H.1    Dweck, C.2
  • 33
    • 0003165376 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between life satisfaction and flow in elderly Korean immigrants
    • Csikszentmihalyi M, Csikszentmihalyi I, (eds), Cambridge University Press, NY
    • Han, S. (1988). The relationship between life satisfaction and flow in elderly Korean immigrants. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 138–149). NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1988) Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness , pp. 138-149
    • Han, S.1
  • 34
    • 77955235433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological well-being: Evidence regarding its causes and consequences
    • Huppert, F. A. (2009). Psychological well-being: Evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being,1(2), 137–164. doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01008.x.
    • (2009) Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-164
    • Huppert, F.A.1
  • 35
    • 84872493251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being
    • Huppert, F. A., & So, T. C. (2013). Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Social Indicators Research,110(3), 837–861. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9966-7.
    • (2013) Social Indicators Research , vol.110 , Issue.3 , pp. 837-861
    • Huppert, F.A.1    So, T.C.2
  • 36
    • 32344433841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social anxiety and posttraumatic stress in combat veterans: Relations to well-being and character strengths
    • Kashdan, T. B., Julian, T., Merritt, K., & Uswatte, G. (2006). Social anxiety and posttraumatic stress in combat veterans: Relations to well-being and character strengths. Behavior Research and Therapy,44, 561–583. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.010.
    • (2006) Behavior Research and Therapy , vol.44 , pp. 561-583
    • Kashdan, T.B.1    Julian, T.2    Merritt, K.3    Uswatte, G.4
  • 37
    • 84945254059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing employee wellbeing in schools using a multifaceted approach: Associations with physical health, life satisfaction, and professional thriving
    • Kern, M., Waters, L., Adler, A., & White, M. (2014). Assessing employee wellbeing in schools using a multifaceted approach: Associations with physical health, life satisfaction, and professional thriving. Psychology,5, 500–513. doi:10.4236/psych.2014.56060.
    • (2014) Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 500-513
    • Kern, M.1    Waters, L.2    Adler, A.3    White, M.4
  • 38
    • 33847389780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health
    • Keyes, C. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. American Psychologist,62(2), 95–108. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95.
    • (2007) American Psychologist , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-108
    • Keyes, C.1
  • 39
    • 84957457284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • King, G., & Roberts, M. E. (2014). How robust standard errors expose methodological problems they do not fix, and what to do about it. Retrieved from
    • King, G., & Roberts, M. E. (2014). How robust standard errors expose methodological problems they do not fix, and what to do about it. Retrieved from http://j.mp/InK5jU.
  • 40
    • 84876870540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the most optimal way to deliver a positive activity intervention? The case of writing about one’s “best possible selves
    • Layous, K., Nelson, S. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013). What is the most optimal way to deliver a positive activity intervention? The case of writing about one’s “best possible selves”. Journal of Happiness Studies,14, 635–654. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9346-2.
    • (2013) Journal of Happiness Studies , vol.14 , pp. 635-654
    • Layous, K.1    Nelson, S.K.2    Lyubomirsky, S.3
  • 41
    • 0002530333 scopus 로고
    • Flow and the quality of experience during work and leisure
    • Csikszentmihalyi M, Csikszentmihalyi I, (eds), Cambridge University Press, NY
    • LeFevre, J. (1988). Flow and the quality of experience during work and leisure. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 307–318). NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1988) Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness , pp. 307-318
    • LeFevre, J.1
  • 42
    • 84868285072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selecting a linear mixed model for longitudinal data: repeated measures analysis of variance, covariance pattern model, and growth curve approaches
    • Liu, S., Rovine, M. J., & Molenaar, P. C. M. (2012). Selecting a linear mixed model for longitudinal data: repeated measures analysis of variance, covariance pattern model, and growth curve approaches. Psychological Methods,17, 15–30. doi:10.1037/a0026971.
    • (2012) Psychological Methods , vol.17 , pp. 15-30
    • Liu, S.1    Rovine, M.J.2    Molenaar, P.C.M.3
  • 43
    • 29644438373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
    • Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin,131(6), 803–855. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803.
    • (2005) Psychological Bulletin , vol.131 , Issue.6 , pp. 803-855
    • Lyubomirsky, S.1    King, L.2    Diener, E.3
  • 45
    • 82655180226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conducting behavioral research on Amazon’s mechanical Turk
    • Mason, W., & Suri, S. (2012). Conducting behavioral research on Amazon’s mechanical Turk. Behavior Research Methods,44(1), 1–23. doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0124-6.
    • (2012) Behavior Research Methods , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-23
    • Mason, W.1    Suri, S.2
  • 46
    • 84957457285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muthén, L.K. and Muthén, B.O. (1998–2012). Mplus User’s Guide. Seventh Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén
    • Muthén, L.K. and Muthén, B.O. (1998–2012). Mplus User’s Guide. Seventh Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
  • 47
    • 84904215286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond self-protection: Self-affirmation benefits hedonic and eudaimonic well-being
    • Nelson, S. K., Fuller, J. A. K., Choi, I., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). Beyond self-protection: Self-affirmation benefits hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,40, 998–1011. doi:10.1177/0146167214533389.
    • (2014) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.40 , pp. 998-1011
    • Nelson, S.K.1    Fuller, J.A.K.2    Choi, I.3    Lyubomirsky, S.4
  • 48
    • 84876847674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding happiness: Tailoring positive activities for optimal well-being benefits
    • Tugade M, Shiota M, Kirby L, (eds), Guilford, NY
    • Nelson, S. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012). Finding happiness: Tailoring positive activities for optimal well-being benefits. In M. Tugade, M. Shiota, & L. Kirby (Eds.), Handbook of positive emotions. NY: Guilford.
    • (2012) Handbook of positive emotions
    • Nelson, S.K.1    Lyubomirsky, S.2
  • 49
    • 84901802988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inside the turk: Understanding mechanical turk as a participant pool
    • Paolacci, G., & Chandler, J. (2014). Inside the turk: Understanding mechanical turk as a participant pool. Current Directions in Psychological Science,23(3), 184–188. doi:10.1177/0963721414531598.
    • (2014) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 184-188
    • Paolacci, G.1    Chandler, J.2
  • 52
    • 34447292397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction
    • Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology,2(3), 149–156. doi:10.1080/17439760701228938.
    • (2007) The Journal of Positive Psychology , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 149-156
    • Peterson, C.1    Ruch, W.2    Beermann, U.3    Park, N.4    Seligman, M.P.5
  • 53
    • 84957457286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computing power and minimum sample size for RMSEA [Computer software], Available from
    • Preacher, K. J., & Coffman, D. L. (2006). Computing power and minimum sample size for RMSEA [Computer software]. Available from http://quantpsy.org/.
    • (2006)
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Coffman, D.2
  • 54
    • 84965520932 scopus 로고
    • The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population
    • Radloff, L. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement,1(3), 385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306.
    • (1977) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 385-401
    • Radloff, L.1
  • 55
    • 65749088054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of flow on positive affect in college students
    • Rogatko, T. (2009). The influence of flow on positive affect in college students. Journal of Happiness Studies,10(2), 133–148. doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9069-y.
    • (2009) Journal of Happiness Studies , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 133-148
    • Rogatko, T.1
  • 56
    • 85043751872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being
    • Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist,55(1), 68–78. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.
    • (2000) American Psychologist , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-78
    • Ryan, R.1    Deci, E.2
  • 57
    • 0035221425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being
    • Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology,52, 141–166. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141.
    • (2001) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 141-166
    • Ryan, R.1    Deci, E.2
  • 58
    • 0031216460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On energy, personality and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being
    • Ryan, R., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality,65, 529–565. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality , vol.65 , pp. 529-565
    • Ryan, R.1    Frederick, C.2
  • 59
    • 0001629153 scopus 로고
    • Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being
    • Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,57(6), 1069–1081. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , Issue.6 , pp. 1069-1081
    • Ryff, C.1
  • 60
    • 84989634899 scopus 로고
    • Subjective well-being: The convergence and stability of self-report and non-self-report measures
    • Sandvik, E., Diener, E., & Seidlitz, L. (1993). Subjective well-being: The convergence and stability of self-report and non-self-report measures. Journal of Personality,64, 317–342. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_6.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality , vol.64 , pp. 317-342
    • Sandvik, E.1    Diener, E.2    Seidlitz, L.3
  • 62
    • 0033755485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive psychology: An introduction
    • Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist,55(1), 5–14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5.
    • (2000) American Psychologist , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-14
    • Seligman, M.1    Csikszentmihalyi, M.2
  • 63
    • 31544455036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life
    • Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology,53, 80–93. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80.
    • (2006) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 80-93
    • Steger, M.F.1    Frazier, P.2    Oishi, S.3    Kaler, M.4
  • 64
    • 59649111269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meaning in life across the life span: Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood
    • Steger, M., Oishi, S., & Kashdan, T. (2009). Meaning in life across the life span: Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood. The Journal of Positive Psychology,4(1), 43–52. doi:10.1080/17439760802303127.
    • (2009) The Journal of Positive Psychology , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-52
    • Steger, M.1    Oishi, S.2    Kashdan, T.3
  • 65
    • 0024023344 scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales
    • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,54(6), 1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 1063-1070
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2    Tellegen, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.