메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2015, Issue 7, 2015, Pages

Steroidal contraceptives and bone fractures in women: Evidence from observational studies

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; GESTAGEN;

EID: 84957419645     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009849.pub3     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 6844255857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study
    • 1998/03/11
    • Women's Health Initiative Study Group. Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. Controlled Clinical Trials. 1998/03/11 1998; Vol. 19, issue 1:61-109.
    • (1998) Controlled Clinical Trials , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-109
  • 3
    • 0027457696 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptive pill use and fractures in women: a prospective study
    • Cooper C, Hannaford P, Croft P, Kay CR. Oral contraceptive pill use and fractures in women: a prospective study. Bone 1993;14(1):41-5.
    • (1993) Bone , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-45
    • Cooper, C.1    Hannaford, P.2    Croft, P.3    Kay, C.R.4
  • 4
    • 33746261327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density in women aged 25-35 years receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate: recovery following discontinuation
    • Kaunitz AM, Miller PD, Rice VM, Ross D, McClung MR. Bone mineral density in women aged 25-35 years receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate: recovery following discontinuation. Contraception 2006;74(2):90-9.
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 90-99
    • Kaunitz, A.M.1    Miller, P.D.2    Rice, V.M.3    Ross, D.4    McClung, M.R.5
  • 5
    • 85041837444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective cohort study of DMPA and fractures in reproductive age women
    • accessed 27 January 2012)
    • Kaunitz A, Harel Z, Bone H, Ataher Q, Ross D, Arena P, et al. Retrospective cohort study of DMPA and fractures in reproductive age women. http://www.arhp.org/Professional-Education/Annual-Meetings/RH2010/2010-Presentations (accessed 27 January 2012).
    • Kaunitz, A.1    Harel, Z.2    Bone, H.3    Ataher, Q.4    Ross, D.5    Arena, P.6
  • 7
    • 0025773428 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking, body mass and other risk factors for fractures of the hip in women
    • La Vecchia C, Negri E, Levi F, Baroni JA. Cigarette smoking, body mass and other risk factors for fractures of the hip in women. International Journal of Epidemiology 1991;20(3):671-7.
    • (1991) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 671-677
    • La Vecchia, C.1    Negri, E.2    Levi, F.3    Baroni, J.A.4
  • 8
    • 0033600302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and risk of hip fractures
    • La Vecchia C, Tavani A, Gallus S. Oral contraceptives and risk of hip fractures. Lancet 1999;354(9175):335-6.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.9175 , pp. 335-336
    • La Vecchia, C.1    Tavani, A.2    Gallus, S.3
  • 9
    • 0030199981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menstrual and reproductive factors and hip fractures in post menopausal women
    • Parazzini G, Tavani A, Ricci E, La Vecchia C. Menstrual and reproductive factors and hip fractures in post menopausal women. Maturitas 1996;24:191-6.
    • (1996) Maturitas , vol.24 , pp. 191-196
    • Parazzini, G.1    Tavani, A.2    Ricci, E.3    La Vecchia, C.4
  • 10
    • 0028577938 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for fractures of the distal forearm: a population-based case-control study
    • Mallmin H, Ljunghall S, Persson I, Bergstrom R. Risk factors for fractures of the distal forearm: a population-based case-control study. Osteoporosis International 1994;4(6):298-304.
    • (1994) Osteoporosis International , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 298-304
    • Mallmin, H.1    Ljunghall, S.2    Persson, I.3    Bergstrom, R.4
  • 12
    • 79958772826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the oral contraceptive pill associated with fracture in later life? New evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners Oral Contraception Study
    • Memon S, Iversen L, Hannaford PC. Is the oral contraceptive pill associated with fracture in later life? New evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners Oral Contraception Study. Contraception 2011;84(1):40-7.
    • (2011) Contraception , vol.84 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-47
    • Memon, S.1    Iversen, L.2    Hannaford, P.C.3
  • 14
    • 0033135999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral-contraceptive use and risk of hip fracture: a case-control study
    • Michaelsson K, Baron JA, Farahmand BY, Persson I, Ljunghall S. Oral-contraceptive use and risk of hip fracture: a case-control study. Lancet 1999;353(9163):1481-4.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , Issue.9163 , pp. 1481-1484
    • Michaelsson, K.1    Baron, J.A.2    Farahmand, B.Y.3    Persson, I.4    Ljunghall, S.5
  • 16
    • 85041844118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study
    • (accessed 27 February 2012)
    • Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study. Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study. Study Design. http://www.uku.fi/~due2/indexeng.htm (accessed 27 February 2012),.
    • Study Design
  • 17
    • 84855792339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should risk of bone fragility restrict weight control for other health reasons in postmenopausal women?--A ten year prospective study
    • 2011/12/20
    • Sirola J, Rikkonen T, Tuppurainen M, Honkanen R, Kroger H. Should risk of bone fragility restrict weight control for other health reasons in postmenopausal women?--A ten year prospective study. Maturitas. 2011/12/20 2012; Vol. 71, issue 2:162-8.
    • (2012) Maturitas , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 162-168
    • Sirola, J.1    Rikkonen, T.2    Tuppurainen, M.3    Honkanen, R.4    Kroger, H.5
  • 18
    • 0027484712 scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis risk factors, gynaecological history and fractures in perimenopausal women--the results of the baseline postal enquiry of the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study
    • Tuppurainen M, Honkanen R, Kröger H, Saarikoski S, Alhava E. Osteoporosis risk factors, gynaecological history and fractures in perimenopausal women--the results of the baseline postal enquiry of the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study. Mauritas 1993;17(2):89-100.
    • (1993) Mauritas , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-100
    • Tuppurainen, M.1    Honkanen, R.2    Kröger, H.3    Saarikoski, S.4    Alhava, E.5
  • 20
    • 0031814122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraception and other factors in relation to hospital referral for fracture. Findings in a large cohort study
    • Vessey M, Mant J, Painter R. Oral contraception and other factors in relation to hospital referral for fracture. Findings in a large cohort study. Contraception 1998;57(4):231-5.
    • (1998) Contraception , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 231-235
    • Vessey, M.1    Mant, J.2    Painter, R.3
  • 21
    • 0021683387 scopus 로고
    • The Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study
    • Vessey MP, Lawless M. The Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1984;11(3):743-57.
    • (1984) Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 743-757
    • Vessey, M.P.1    Lawless, M.2
  • 22
    • 53449083192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fracture risk in very young women using combined oral contraceptives
    • 2008a
    • Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L. Fracture risk in very young women using combined oral contraceptives. Contraception 2008a;78(5):358-64.
    • Contraception , vol.78 , Issue.5 , pp. 358-364
    • Vestergaard, P.1    Rejnmark, L.2    Mosekilde, L.3
  • 23
    • 33646820693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptive use and risk of fractures
    • Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L. Oral contraceptive use and risk of fractures. Contraception 2006;73(6):571-6.
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.73 , Issue.6 , pp. 571-576
    • Vestergaard, P.1    Rejnmark, L.2    Mosekilde, L.3
  • 24
    • 56149111365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and intrauterine device use on fracture risk in Danish women
    • 2008b
    • Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L. The effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and intrauterine device use on fracture risk in Danish women. Contraception 2008b;78(6):459-64.
    • Contraception , vol.78 , Issue.6 , pp. 459-464
    • Vestergaard, P.1    Rejnmark, L.2    Mosekilde, L.3
  • 25
    • 80052814463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between oral contraceptive use, bone mineral density and fractures in women aged 50-80 years
    • Wei S, Venn A, Ding C, Foley S, Laslett L, Jones G. The association between oral contraceptive use, bone mineral density and fractures in women aged 50-80 years. Contraception 2011;84(4):357-62.
    • (2011) Contraception , vol.84 , Issue.4 , pp. 357-362
    • Wei, S.1    Venn, A.2    Ding, C.3    Foley, S.4    Laslett, L.5    Jones, G.6
  • 26
    • 33646872453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
    • Albertazzi P, Bottazzi M, Steel SA. Bone mineral density and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Contraception 2006;73(6):577-83.
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.73 , Issue.6 , pp. 577-583
    • Albertazzi, P.1    Bottazzi, M.2    Steel, S.A.3
  • 27
    • 0029952291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An earlier fracture as a risk factor for new fracture and its association with smoking and menopausal age in women
    • Johansson C, Mellstrom D. An earlier fracture as a risk factor for new fracture and its association with smoking and menopausal age in women. Maturitas 1996;24(1-2):97-106.
    • (1996) Maturitas , vol.24 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 97-106
    • Johansson, C.1    Mellstrom, D.2
  • 28
    • 80755169600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization of black South African women may increase risk of low bone mass due to low vitamin D status, low calcium intake, and high bone turnover
    • Kruger MC, Kruger IM, Wentzel-Viljoen E, Kruger A. Urbanization of black South African women may increase risk of low bone mass due to low vitamin D status, low calcium intake, and high bone turnover. Nutrition Research 2011;31(10):748-58.
    • (2011) Nutrition Research , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 748-758
    • Kruger, M.C.1    Kruger, I.M.2    Wentzel-Viljoen, E.3    Kruger, A.4
  • 29
    • 0035071350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of lifestyle factors on stress fractures in female Army recruits
    • Lappe JM, Stegman MR, Recker RR. The impact of lifestyle factors on stress fractures in female Army recruits. Osteoporosis International 2001;12(1):35-42.
    • (2001) Osteoporosis International , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-42
    • Lappe, J.M.1    Stegman, M.R.2    Recker, R.R.3
  • 30
  • 31
    • 8044222153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of hormonal and reproductive factors on the risk of vertebral deformity in European women. European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study Group
    • O'Neill TW, Silman AJ, Naves Diaz M, Cooper C, Kanis J, Felsenberg D. Influence of hormonal and reproductive factors on the risk of vertebral deformity in European women. European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study Group. Osteoporosis International 1997;7(1):72-8.
    • (1997) Osteoporosis International , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-78
    • O'Neill, T.W.1    Silman, A.J.2    Naves Diaz, M.3    Cooper, C.4    Kanis, J.5    Felsenberg, D.6
  • 32
    • 52049105666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatores de risco associados à osteoporose em uma população de mulheres brasileiras residentes em São José do Rio Pardo, estado de São Paulo
    • Parisi Júnior PD, Chahade WH. Fatores de risco associados à osteoporose em uma população de mulheres brasileiras residentes em São José do Rio Pardo, estado de São Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 2007;47(1):16-24.
    • (2007) Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-24
    • Parisi Júnior, P.D.1    Chahade, W.H.2
  • 33
    • 84855331604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density, fracture, and vitamin d in adolescents and young women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
    • Pitts SA, Feldman HA, Dorale A, Gordon CM. Bone mineral density, fracture, and vitamin d in adolescents and young women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2012;25(1):23-6.
    • (2012) Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-26
    • Pitts, S.A.1    Feldman, H.A.2    Dorale, A.3    Gordon, C.M.4
  • 34
    • 34948903726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of lifestyle, menstrual function and oral contraceptive use on bone mass and size in female military cadets
    • Ruffing JA, Nieves JW, Zion M, Tendy S, Garrett P, Lindsay R, et al. The influence of lifestyle, menstrual function and oral contraceptive use on bone mass and size in female military cadets. Nutrition & Metabolism 2007;4:10.
    • (2007) Nutrition & Metabolism , vol.4 , pp. 10
    • Ruffing, J.A.1    Nieves, J.W.2    Zion, M.3    Tendy, S.4    Garrett, P.5    Lindsay, R.6
  • 35
    • 33644882809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased bone mineral density and fractures in low-income Korean women
    • Yang K, McElmurry BJ, Park CG. Decreased bone mineral density and fractures in low-income Korean women. Health Care for Women International 2006;27(3):254-67.
    • (2006) Health Care for Women International , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 254-267
    • Yang, K.1    McElmurry, B.J.2    Park, C.G.3
  • 37
    • 85041816648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Bone effects
    • Committee on Adolescent Health, Committee on Gynecologic Practice. Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Bone effects. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014;123:727-30.
    • (2014) Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.123 , pp. 727-730
  • 39
    • 84859773907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use
    • (accessed 23 January 2012):
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr59e0528.pdf (accessed 23 January 2012):34.
    • (2010) , pp. 34
  • 40
    • 4344652950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive consequences of contraceptive failure in 19 developing countries
    • Cleland J, Ali MM. Reproductive consequences of contraceptive failure in 19 developing countries. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;104:314-20.
    • (2004) Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.104 , pp. 314-320
    • Cleland, J.1    Ali, M.M.2
  • 41
    • 12844280555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blinded randomized controlled trial of estrogen supplementation in adolescent girls who receive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception
    • Cromer BA, Lazebnik R, Rome E, Stager M, Bonny A, Ziegler J, et al. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial of estrogen supplementation in adolescent girls who receive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;192(1):42-7.
    • (2005) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.192 , Issue.1 , pp. 42-47
    • Cromer, B.A.1    Lazebnik, R.2    Rome, E.3    Stager, M.4    Bonny, A.5    Ziegler, J.6
  • 43
    • 33646023361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progestin-only contraception and bone mineral density
    • Curtis KM, Martins SL. Progestin-only contraception and bone mineral density. Contraception 2006;73:470-87.
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.73 , pp. 470-487
    • Curtis, K.M.1    Martins, S.L.2
  • 44
    • 85041838900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA Talk Paper. Black box Warning Added Concerning Long-term Use of Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection
    • (accessed 24 January 2012)
    • U.S. Food, Drug Administration. FDA Talk Paper. Black box Warning Added Concerning Long-term Use of Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection. http://web.archive.org/web/20070809090332/http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2004/ANS01325.html (accessed 24 January 2012).
  • 45
    • 84927607185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injectable contraceptives
    • In: Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar MS editor(s). 20th Edition. New York: Ardent Media, Inc
    • Bartz D, Goldberg AB. Injectable contraceptives. In: Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar MS editor(s). Contraceptive Technology. 20th Edition. New York: Ardent Media, Inc., 2011:209-36.
    • (2011) Contraceptive Technology , pp. 209-236
    • Bartz, D.1    Goldberg, A.B.2
  • 46
    • 79957995000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analyses of adverse effects data derived from randomised controlled trials as compared to observational studies: methodological overview
    • Golder S, Loke YK, Bland M. Meta-analyses of adverse effects data derived from randomised controlled trials as compared to observational studies: methodological overview. PLoS Medicine 2011;8(5):e1001026.
    • (2011) PLoS Medicine , vol.8 , Issue.5
    • Golder, S.1    Loke, Y.K.2    Bland, M.3
  • 47
    • 1642341806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical considerations in premenopausal osteoporosis
    • Gourlay ML, Brown SA. Clinical considerations in premenopausal osteoporosis. Archives of Internal Medicine 2004;164:603-14.
    • (2004) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.164 , pp. 603-614
    • Gourlay, M.L.1    Brown, S.A.2
  • 48
    • 58749104910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate in contraception and its potential impact on skeletal health
    • Guilbert ER, Brown JP, Kaunitz AM, Wagner MS, Bérubé J, Charbonneau L, et al. The use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate in contraception and its potential impact on skeletal health. Contraception 2009;79:167-77.
    • (2009) Contraception , vol.79 , pp. 167-177
    • Guilbert, E.R.1    Brown, J.P.2    Kaunitz, A.M.3    Wagner, M.S.4    Bérubé, J.5    Charbonneau, L.6
  • 49
    • 77950275718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of hormonal contraceptives on bone turnover markers and bone health
    • 2009/09/11
    • Herrmann M, Seibel MJ. The effects of hormonal contraceptives on bone turnover markers and bone health. Clinical Endocrinology. 2009/09/11 2010; Vol. 72, issue 5:571-83.
    • (2010) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 571-583
    • Herrmann, M.1    Seibel, M.J.2
  • 50
    • 84872417999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011
    • John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, accessed 30 March 2011)
    • Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, (accessed 30 March 2011).
    • Higgins, J.P.T.1    Green, S.2
  • 54
    • 33646034875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined hormonal contraception and bone health: a systematic review
    • Martins SL, Curtis KM, Glasier AF. Combined hormonal contraception and bone health: a systematic review. Contraception 2006;73:445-69.
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.73 , pp. 445-469
    • Martins, S.L.1    Curtis, K.M.2    Glasier, A.F.3
  • 55
    • 79953751008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis: now and the future
    • Rachner TD, Khosla S, Hofbauer LC. Osteoporosis: now and the future. Lancet 2011;377(9773):1276-87.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , Issue.9773 , pp. 1276-1287
    • Rachner, T.D.1    Khosla, S.2    Hofbauer, L.C.3
  • 56
    • 84964921069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review Manager (RevMan)
    • 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration
    • The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
    • (2014)
  • 58
    • 77950189829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
    • Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, for the CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 2010;340:c332.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340
    • Schulz, K.F.1    Altman, D.G.2    Moher, D.3
  • 59
    • 84871518629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STROBE Statement: Strengthening the reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology
    • (accessed 24 April 2012)
    • STROBE group. STROBE Statement: Strengthening the reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology. http://www.strobe-statement.org/(accessed 24 April 2012).
  • 60
    • 79954416679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contraceptive failure in the United States
    • Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception 2011;83:397-404.
    • (2011) Contraception , vol.83 , pp. 397-404
    • Trussell, J.1
  • 61
    • 84906042811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Contraceptive Patterns 2013
    • accessed 6 July 2015)
    • United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Contraceptive Patterns 2013. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/family/contraceptive-wallchart-2013.shtml (accessed 6 July 2015).
  • 62
    • 13644257725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses
    • accessed 29 November 2011)
    • GA Wells, Shea B, O'Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp (accessed 29 November 2011).
    • Wells, G.A.1    Shea, B.2    O'Connell, D.3    Peterson, J.4    Welch, V.5    Losos, M.6    Tugwell, P.7
  • 63
    • 33646467100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO statement on hormonal contraception and bone health
    • World Health Organization. WHO statement on hormonal contraception and bone health. Contraception 2006;73:443-4.
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.73 , pp. 443-444
  • 64
    • 79951509577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use
    • (accessed 2 July 2015) Fifth edition - Executive Summary, 2015
    • World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Healh. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. Fifth edition - Executive Summary, 2015. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/family_planning/Ex-Summ-MEC-5/en/(accessed 2 July 2015).
  • 65
    • 7044230212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical eligibility criteria wheel for contraceptive use
    • (accessed 2 July 2015)
    • World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health. Medical eligibility criteria wheel for contraceptive use. 2015. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/family_planning/Ex-Summ-MEC-5/en/(accessed 2 July 2015).
    • (2015)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.