Linking Sleep Disturbance and Maladaptive Repetitive Thought: The Role of Executive Function

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 107-117

  Cox, Rebecca C ^a   Ebesutani, Chad ^b   Olatunji, Bunmi O ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Duksung Women's University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Distress; Executive function; Repetitive thought; Sleep

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISTRESS SYNDROME; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALADAPTIVE REPETITIVE THOUGHT; MALE; PATIENT WORRY; RUMINATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SLEEP DISORDER; STATISTICS; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING; THINKING;

EID: 84955744532     PISSN: 01475916     EISSN: 15732819     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-015-9713-5     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Aldao, A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010). Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: A transdiagnostic examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy,48, 974–983. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.002.
2. Allan, N. P., Macatee, R. J., Norr, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2014). Direct and interactive effects of distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity on generalized anxiety and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research,38, 530–540. doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9623-y.
3. Asparouhov, T. (2005). Sampling weights in latent variable modeling. Structural Equation Modeling,12, 411–434. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1203_4.
4. Baker, F. C., Maloney, S., & Driver, H. S. (1999). A comparison of subjective estimates of sleep with objective polysomnographic data in healthy men and women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research,47, 335–341. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(99)00017-3.
5. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.
6. Bastien, C. H., Vallieres, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine,2, 297–307. doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4.
7. Baum, K. T., Desai, A., Field, J., Miller, L. E., Rausch, J., & Beebe, D. W. (2014). Sleep restriction worsens mood and emotion regulation in adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,55, 180–190. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12125.
8. Belleville, G., Cousineau, H., Levrier, K., & St-Pierre-Delorme, M. (2011). Meta-analytic review of the impact of cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia on concomitant anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review,31, 638–652. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.02.004.
9. Borders, A., Rothman, D. J., & McAndrew, L. M. (2014). Sleep problems may mediate associations between rumination and PTSD and depressive symptoms among OIF/OEF veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7, 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0036937
10. Borkovec, T. D., Ray, W. J., & Stober, J. (1998). Worry: A cognitive phenomenon intimately linked to affective, physiological, and interpersonal behavioral processes. Cognitive Therapy and Research,22, 561–576.
11. Browne, M., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–159). Newbury Park: Sage.
12. Buchanan, T., Heffernan, T. M., Parrott, A. C., Ling, J., Rodgers, J., & Scholey, A. B. (2010). A short self-report measure of problems with executive function suitable for administration via the Internet. Behavior Research Methods,42, 709–714. doi:10.3758/BRM.42.3.709.
13. Buchanan, T., & Smith, J. L. (1999). Using the Internet for psychological research: Personality testing on the World Wide Web. British Journal of Psychology,90, 125–144. doi:10.1348/000712699161189.
14. Buysse, D. J. (2008). Chronic insomnia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 678–686. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08010129.
15. Buysse, D. J., Angst, J., Gamma, A., Ajdacic, V., Eich, D., & Rossler, W. (2008). Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults. Sleep, 31(4), 473–480.
16. Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research,28, 193–213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
17. Byrne, B. M. (1989). A primer for LISREL. New York: Springer.
18. Chee, M. W. L., & Choo, W. C. (2004). Functional imaging of working memory after 24 hr of total sleep deprivation. The Journal of Neuroscience,24, 4560–4567. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0007-04.2004.
19. Cohen, N., Mor, N., & Henik, A. (2015). Linking executive control and emotional response: A training procedure to reduce rumination. Clinical Psychological Science,3, 15–25. doi:10.1177/2167702614530114.
20. Cole, D. A., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003). Testing mediational models with longitudinal data: Questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,112, 558–577. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.4.558.
21. Cole, J. C., Motivala, S. J., Buysse, D. J., Oxman, M. N., Levin, M. J., & Irwin, M. R. (2006). Validation of a 3-factor scoring model for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in older adults. Sleep,29, 112–116.
22. Coles, M. E., Cook, L. M., & Blake, T. R. (2007). Assessing obsessive compulsive symptoms and cognitions on the internet: Evidence for the comparability of paper and Internet administration. Behaviour Research and Therapy,45, 2232–2240. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.12.009.
23. Danielsson, N. S., Harvey, A. G., MacDonald, S., Jansson-Frojmark, M., & Linton, S. J. (2013). Sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in adolescence: The role of catastrophic worry. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,42, 1223–1233. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9811-6.
24. Davis, R. N., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). Cognitive inflexibility among ruminators and nonruminators. Cognitive Therapy and Research,24, 699–711.
25. Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,111, 225–236. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.2.225.
26. Diamond, A., & Lee, K. (2011). Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old. Science,333, 959–964. doi:10.1126/science.1204529.
27. Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010). The memory function of sleep. Nature Reviews Neuroscience,11, 114–126. doi:10.1038/nrn2762.
28. Drummond, S. P. A., Gillin, J. C., & Brown, G. G. (2001). Increased cerebral response during a divided attention task following sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research,10, 85–92. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00245.x.
29. Drummond, S. P. A., Paulus, M. P., & Tapert, S. F. (2006). Effects of two nights sleep deprivation and two nights recovery sleep on response inhibition. Journal of Sleep Research,15, 261–265. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00535.x.
30. Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy,1, 192–205. doi:10.1521/ijct.2008.1.3.192.
31. Goel, N., Rao, H., Durmer, J. S., & Dinges, D. F. (2009). Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. Seminars in Neurology,29, 320–339. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1237117.
32. Guastella, A. J., & Moulds, M. L. (2007). The impact of rumination on sleep quality following a stressful life event. Personality and Individual Differences,42, 1151–1162. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.028.
33. Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009). Research electronic data capture (REDCap): A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics,42, 377–381. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010.
34. Hirsch, C. R., MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., Sandher, O., Siyani, A., & Hayes, S. (2011). The contribution of attentional bias to worry: Distinguishing the roles of selective engagement and disengagement. Journal of Anxiety Disorders,25, 272–277. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.013.
35. Horowitz, T. S., Cade, B. E., Wolfe, J. M., & Czeisler, C. A. (2003). Searching night and day: A dissociation of effects of circadian phase and time awake on visual selective attention and vigilance. Psychological Science,14, 549–557. doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1464.x.
36. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling,6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.
37. Huang, K., Szabo, M., & Han, J. (2009). The relationship of low distress tolerance to excessive worrying and cognitive avoidance. Behaviour Change,26, 223–234. doi:10.1375/bech.26.4.223.
38. Inostroza, M., & Born, J. (2013). Sleep for preserving and transforming episodic memory. Annual Review of Neuroscience,36, 79–102. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062012-170429.
39. Jones, K., & Harrison, Y. (2001). Frontal lobe function, sleep loss, and fragmented sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews,5, 463–475. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0203.
40. Joormann, J. (2010). Cognitive inhibition and emotion regulation in depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science,19, 161–166. doi:10.1177/0963721410370293.
41. Kertz, S. J., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2011). Human and economic burden of GAD, subthreshold GAD, and worry in a primary care sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings,18, 281–290. doi:10.1007/s10880-011-9248-1.
42. Killgore, W. D. S. (2013). Self-reported sleep correlates with prefrontal-amygdala functional connectivity and emotional functioning. Sleep,36, 1597–1608. doi:10.5665/sleep.3106.
43. Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behavior Research and Therapy,33, 335–343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u.
44. Ma, N., Dinges, D. F., Basner, M., & Rao, H. (2015). How acute total sleep loss affects the attending brain: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Sleep,38, 233–240. doi:10.5665/sleep.4404.
45. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods,7, 83–104. doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.83.
46. Mander, B. A., Santhanam, S., Saletin, J. M., & Walker, M. P. (2011). Wake deterioration and sleep restoration of human learning. Current Biology,8, 183–184. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.019.
47. Marcks, B. A., Weisberg, R. B., Edelen, M. O., & Keller, M. B. (2010). The relationship between sleep disturbance and the course of anxiety disorders in primary care patients. Psychiatry Research,178, 487–492. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.07.004.
48. Mauss, I. B., Troy, A. S., & LeBourgeois, M. K. (2013). Poorer sleep quality is associated with lower emotion–regulation ability in a laboratory paradigm. Cognition and Emotion,27, 567–576. doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.727783.
49. Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behavior Research and Therapy,28, 487–495. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6.
50. Minkel, J. D., Banks, S., Htaik, O., Moreta, M. C., Jones, C. W., McGlinchey, E. L., et al. (2012). Sleep deprivation and stressors: Evidence for elevated negative affect in response to mild stressors when sleep deprived. Emotion,12, 1015–1020. doi:10.1037/a0026871.
51. Morrison, R., & O’Connor, R. C. (2005). Predicting psychological distress in college students: The role of rumination and stress. Journal of Clinical Psychology,61, 447–460. doi:10.1002/jclp.20021.
52. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2010). Mplus user’s guide (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Author.
53. Muto, V., Bourdiec, A. S., Matarazzo, L., Foret, A., Mascetti, L., Jaspar, M., et al. (2012). Influence of acute sleep loss on the neural correlates of alerting, orientating and executive attention components. Journal of Sleep Research,21, 648–658. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01020.x.
54. Nilsson, J. P., Soderstrom, M., Karlsson, A. U., Lekander, M., Akerstedt, T., Lindroth, N. E., & Axelsson, J. (2005). Less effective executive functioning after one night’s sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research,14, 1–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00442.x.
55. Nota, J. A., & Coles, M. E. (2014). Duration and timing of sleep are associated with repetitive negative thinking. Cognitive Therapy and Research,39, 253–261. doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9651-7.
56. O’Kearney, R., & Pech, M. (2014). General and sleep-specific worry in insomnia. Sleep and Biological Rhythms,12, 212–215. doi:10.1111/sbr.12054.
57. Olatunji, B. O., Broman-Fulks, J. J., Bergman, S. M., Green, B. A., & Zlomke, K. R. (2010). A taxometric investigation of the latent structure of worry: Dimensionality and associations with depression, anxiety, and stress. Behavior Therapy,41, 212–228. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2009.03.001.
58. Pillai, V., & Drake, C. L. (2015). Chapter 10: Sleep and repetitive thought: The role of rumination and worry in sleep disturbance. In K. A. Babson & M. T. Feldner (Eds.), Sleep and affect: Assessment, theory and clinical implications (pp. 201–225). New York: Elsevier.
59. Pillai, V., Steenburg, L. A., Ciesla, J. A., Roth, T., & Drake, C. L. (2014). A seven day actigraphy-based study of rumination and sleep disturbance among young adults with depressive symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research,77, 70–75. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.05.004.
60. Plessow, F., Kiesel, A., Petzold, A., & Kirschbaum, C. (2011). Chronic sleep curtailment impairs the flexible implementation of task goals in new parents. Journal of Sleep Research,20, 279–287. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00878.x.
61. Rossa, K. R., Smith, S. S., Allan, A. C., & Sullivan, K. A. (2014). The effects of sleep restriction on executive inhibitory control and affect in young adults. Journal of Adolescent Health,55, 287–292. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.12.034.
62. Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variable analysis: Applications for developmental research (pp. 399–419). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
63. Segerstrom, S. C., Roach, A. R., Evans, D. R., Schipper, L. J., & Darville, A. K. (2010). The structure and health correlates of trait repetitive thought in older adults. Psychology and Aging,25, 505–515. doi:10.1037/a0019456.
64. Segerstrom, S. C., Tsao, J. C. I., Alden, L. E., & Craske, M. G. (2000). Worry and rumination: Repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood. Cognitive Therapy and Research,24, 671–688.
65. Siegel, J. M. (2005). Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep. Nature,437, 1264–1271. doi:10.1038/nature04285.
66. Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The Distress Tolerance Scale: Development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation and Emotion,29, 83–102. doi:10.1007/s11031-005-7955-3.
67. Slavish, D. C., & Graham-Engeland, J. E. (2015). Rumination mediates the relationships between depressed mood and both sleep quality and self-reported health in young adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine,38, 204–213. doi:10.1007/s10865-014-9595-0.
68. Smits, J. A., Julian, K., Rosenfield, D., & Powers, M. B. (2012). Threat reappraisal as a mediator of symptom change in cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders: A systematic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,80, 624–635. doi:10.1037/a0028957.
69. Stout, D. M., Shackman, A. J., Johnson, J. S., & Larson, C. L. (2015). Worry is associated with impaired gating of threat from working memory. Emotion,15, 6–11. doi:10.1037/emo0000015.
70. Takano, K., Iijima, Y., & Tanno, Y. (2012). Repetitive thought and self-reported sleep disturbance. Behavior Therapy,43, 779–789. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.04.002.
71. Talbot, L. S., McGlinchey, E. L., Kaplan, K. A., Dahl, R. E., & Harvey, A. G. (2010). Sleep deprivation in adolescents and adults: Changes in affect. Emotion,10, 831–841. doi:10.1037/a0020138.
72. Thielsch, C., Ehring, T., Nestler, S., Wolters, J., Kopei, I., Rist, F., et al. (2015). Metacognitions, worry, and sleep in everyday life: Studying bidirectional pathways assessing ecological momentary assessment in GAD patients. Journal of Anxiety Disorders,33, 53–61. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.04.007.
73. Thomsen, D. K., Mehlsen, M. Y., Cristensen, S., & Zachariae, R. (2003). Rumination: Relationship with negative mood and sleep quality. Personality and Individual Differences,34, 1293–1301. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00120-4.
74. Trapnell, P. D., & Campbell, J. D. (1999). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,76, 284–304. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.284.
75. Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika,38, 1–10. doi:10.1007/bf02291170.
76. Van Dongen, H. P. A., Maislin, G., Mullington, J. M., & Dinges, D. F. (2003). The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: Dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep,2, 117–126.
77. Vanable, P. A., Aikens, J. E., Tadimeti, L., Caruana-Montaldo, B., & Mendelson, W. B. (2000). Sleep latency and duration estimates among sleep disorder patients: Variability as a function of sleep disorder diagnosis, sleep history, and psychological characteristics. Sleep,23, 1–9.
78. Verweij, I. M., Romeijn, N., Smit, D. J. A., Piantoni, G., Van Someren, E. J. W., & van der Werf, Y. D. (2014). Sleep deprivation leads to a loss of functional connectivity in frontal brain regions. BMC Neuroscience,15, 88. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-15-88.
79. Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Chen, M. J., Liao, Y., Thiyagarajan, M., et al. (2013). Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain. Science,342, 373–377. doi:10.1126/science.1241224.
80. Yoo, S. S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007). The human emotional brain without sleep: A prefrontal amygdala disconnect. Current Biology,17, 877–878. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.007.
81. Yuan, K., & Bentler, P. M. (2000). Three likelihood-based methods for mean and covariance structure analysis with nonnormal missing data. Sociological Methodology,30, 167–202. doi:10.1111/0081-1750.00078.
82. Zetsche, U., D’Avanzato, C., & Joormann, J. (2012). Depression and rumination: Relation to components of inhibition. Cognition and Emotion,26, 758–767. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.613919.
83. Zlomke, K. R. (2009). Psychometric properties of Internet administered versions of Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Computers in Human Behavior,25, 841–843. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.06.003.
84. Zoccola, P. M., Dickerson, S. S., & Lam, S. (2009). Rumination predicts longer sleep onset latency after an acute psychosocial stressor. Psychosomatic Medicine,71, 771–775. doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181ae58e8.