Unravelling the Multiple Emissive States in Citric-Acid-Derived Carbon Dots

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Volumn 120, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 1252-1261

  Dhenadhayalan, Namasivayam ^a   Lin, King Chuen ^a   Suresh, Raghupathy ^b   Ramamurthy, Perumal ^b  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CITRIC ACID; ELECTRON TRANSITIONS; EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY;

ELECTRON TRANSFER; EMISSION SPECTRUMS; EXCITATION WAVELENGTH; SHORTER WAVELENGTH; SURFACE DOMAINS; SURFACE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS; TIME-RESOLVED EMISSION SPECTRA; TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY;

FLUORESCENCE;

EID: 84955516013     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08516     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. LeCroy, G. E.; Sonkar, S. K.; Yang, F.; Veca, L. M.; Wang, P.; Tackett, K. N.; Yu, J.-J.; Vasile, E.; Qian, H.; Liu, Y. et al. Toward Structurally Defined Carbon Dots as Ultracompact Fluorescent Probes ACS Nano 2014, 8, 4522-4529 10.1021/nn406628s
2. Zhu, S.; Song, Y.; Zhao, X.; Shao, J.; Zhang, J.; Yang, B. The Photoluminescence Mechanism in Carbon Dots (Graphene Quantum Dots, Carbon Nanodots and Polymer Dots): Current State and Future Perspective Nano Res. 2015, 8, 355-381 10.1007/s12274-014-0644-3
3. Gao, M. X.; Liu, C. F.; Wu, Z. L.; Zeng, Q. L.; Yang, X. X.; Wu, W. B.; Li, Y. F.; Huang, C. Z. A Surfactant-Assisted Redox Hydrothermal Route to Prepare Highly Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots with Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement Properties Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 8015-8017 10.1039/c3cc44624g
4. Nie, H.; Li, M.; Li, Q.; Liang, S.; Tan, Y.; Sheng, L.; Shi, W.; Zhang, S. X.-A. Carbon Dots with Continuously Tunable Full-Color Emission and Their Application in Ratiometric pH Sensing Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 3104-3112 10.1021/cm5003669
5. Hu, C.; Yu, C.; Li, M.; Wang, X.; Yang, J.; Zhao, Z.; Eychmüller, A.; Sun, Y.-P.; Qiu, J. Chemically Tailoring Coal to Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Tuned Size and Their Capacity for Cu(II) Detection Small 2014, 10, 4926-4933 10.1002/smll.201401328
6. 2+ Detection Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4976 10.1038/srep04976
7. Barman, M. K.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Patra, A. Steady State and Time Resolved Spectroscopic Study of C-dots-MEH-PPV Polymer Nanoparticles Composites Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 16834-16840 10.1039/c3cp51547h
8. Liang, Q.; Ma, W.; Shi, Y.; Li, Z.; Yang, X. Easy Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Gelatin and Their Luminescent Properties and Applications Carbon 2013, 60, 421-428 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.055
9. - Induced Red-Shift Emission Carbon 2014, 70, 279-286 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.01.008
10. Hu, S.; Tian, R.; Dong, Y.; Yang, J.; Liu, J.; Chang, Q. Modulation and Effects of Surface Groups on Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Dots Nanoscale 2013, 5, 11665-11671 10.1039/c3nr03893a
11. Linehan, K.; Doyle, H. Size Controlled Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots Using Hydride Reducing Agents J. Mater. Chem. C 2014, 2, 6025-6031 10.1039/C4TC00826J
12. Baker, S. N.; Baker, G. A. Luminescent Carbon Nanodots: Emergent Nanolights Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6726-6744 10.1002/anie.200906623
13. Li, H.; Kang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Lee, S.-T. Carbon Nanodots: Synthesis, Properties and Applications J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 24230-24253 10.1039/c2jm34690g
14. Wang, Y.; Hu, A. Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Applications J. Mater. Chem. C 2014, 2, 6921-6939 10.1039/C4TC00988F
15. Hu, S.-L.; Niu, K.-Y.; Sun, J.; Yang, J.; Zhao, N.-Q.; Du, X.-W. One-Step Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles by Laser Irradiation J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 484-488 10.1039/B812943F
16. Srivastava, S.; Gajbhiye, N. S. Carbogenic Nanodots: Photoluminescence and Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism ChemPhysChem 2011, 12, 2624-2632 10.1002/cphc.201100188
17. Fang, Y.; Guo, S.; Li, D.; Zhu, C.; Ren, W.; Dong, S.; Wang, E. Easy Synthesis and Imaging Applications of Cross-Linked Green Fluorescent Hollow Carbon Nanoparticles ACS Nano 2012, 6, 400-409 10.1021/nn2046373
18. Cao, L.; Wang, X.; Meziani, M. J.; Lu, F.; Wang, H.; Luo, P. G.; Lin, Y.; Harruff, B. A.; Veca, L. M.; Murray, D. et al. Carbon Dots for Multiphoton Bioimaging J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 11318-11319 10.1021/ja073527l
19. Zhu, S.; Meng, Q.; Wang, L.; Zhang, J.; Song, Y.; Jin, H.; Zhang, K.; Sun, H.; Wang, H.; Yang, B. Highly Photoluminescent Carbon Dots for Multicolor Patterning, Sensors, and Bioimaging Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 3953-3957 10.1002/anie.201300519
20. Bourlinos, A. B.; Zboril, R.; Petr, J.; Bakandritsos, A.; Krysmann, M.; Giannelis, E. P. Luminescent Surface Quaternized Carbon Dots Chem. Mater. 2011, 24, 6-8 10.1021/cm2026637
21. Yang, S.-T.; Cao, L.; Luo, P. G.; Lu, F.; Wang, X.; Wang, H.; Meziani, M. J.; Liu, Y.; Qi, G.; Sun, Y.-P. Carbon Dots for Optical Imaging in Vivo J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 11308-11309 10.1021/ja904843x
22. Mao, X.-J.; Zheng, H.-Z.; Long, Y.-J.; Du, J.; Hao, J.-Y.; Wang, L.-L.; Zhou, D.-B. Study on the Fluorescence Characteristics of Carbon Dots Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 2010, 75, 553-557 10.1016/j.saa.2009.11.015
23. Zhai, X.; Zhang, P.; Liu, C.; Bai, T.; Li, W.; Dai, L.; Liu, W. Highly Luminescent Carbon Nanodots by Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 7955-7957 10.1039/c2cc33869f
24. Huang, J. J.; Zhong, Z. F.; Rong, M. Z.; Zhou, X.; Chen, X. D.; Zhang, M. Q. An Easy Approach of Preparing Strongly Luminescent Carbon Dots and Their Polymer Based Composites for Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiency Carbon 2014, 70, 190-198 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.092
25. Lin, Z.; Xue, W.; Chen, H.; Lin, J.-M. Classical Oxidant Induced Chemiluminescence of Fluorescent Carbon Dots Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 1051-1053 10.1039/C1CC15290D
26. Zhang, S.; He, Q.; Li, R.; Wang, Q.; Hu, Z.; Liu, X.; Chang, X. Study on the Fluorescence Carbon Nanoparticles Mater. Lett. 2011, 65, 2371-2373 10.1016/j.matlet.2011.05.025
27. Hsu, P.-C.; Chang, H.-T. Synthesis of High-Quality Carbon Nanodots from Hydrophilic Compounds: Role of Functional Groups Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 3984-3986 10.1039/c2cc30188a
28. Krysmann, M. J.; Kelarakis, A.; Dallas, P.; Giannelis, E. P. Formation Mechanism of Carbogenic Nanoparticles with Dual Photoluminescence Emission J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 747-750 10.1021/ja204661r
29. Wen, X. M.; Yu, P.; Toh, Y. R.; Hao, X. T.; Tang, J. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Fluorescence in Carbon Nanodots: Ultrafast Time-Resolved Fluorescence and Carrier Dynamics Adv. Opt. Mater. 2013, 1, 173-178 10.1002/adom.201200046
30. Wang, L.; Zhu, S.-J.; Wang, H.-Y.; Qu, S.-N.; Zhang, Y.-L.; Zhang, J.-H.; Chen, Q.-D.; Xu, H.-L.; Han, W.; Yang, B. et al. Common Origin of Green Luminescence in Carbon Nanodots and Graphene Quantum Dots ACS Nano 2014, 8, 2541-2547 10.1021/nn500368m
31. Pan, D.; Zhang, J.; Li, Z.; Wu, M. Hydrothermal Route for Cutting Graphene Sheets into Blue-Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dots Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 734-738 10.1002/adma.200902825
32. Zhu, S.; Zhang, J.; Liu, X.; Li, B.; Wang, X.; Tang, S.; Meng, Q.; Li, Y.; Shi, C.; Hu, R.; Yang, B. Graphene Quantum Dots with Controllable Surface Oxidation, Tunable Fluorescence and Up-Conversion Emission RSC Adv. 2012, 2, 2717-2720 10.1039/c2ra20182h
33. Yu, P.; Wen, X.; Toh, Y.-R.; Tang, J. Temperature-Dependent Fluorescence in Carbon Dots J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 25552-25557 10.1021/jp307308z
34. Dekaliuk, M. O.; Viagin, O.; Malyukin, Y. V.; Demchenko, A. P. Fluorescent Carbon Nanomaterials: Quantum Dots or Nanoclusters? Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 16075-16084 10.1039/C4CP00138A
35. Sahu, S.; Behera, B.; Maiti, T. K.; Mohapatra, S. Simple One-Step Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots from Orange Juice: Application as Excellent Bio-Imaging Agents Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 8835-8837 10.1039/c2cc33796g
36. De, B.; Karak, N. Green and Facile Approach for the Synthesis of Water Soluble Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Banana Juice RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 8286-8290 10.1039/c3ra00088e
37. Sun, Y. P.; Zhou, B.; Lin, Y.; Wang, W.; Fernando, K. A. S.; Pathak, P.; Meziani, M. J.; Harruff, B. A.; Wang, X.; Wang, H. et al. Quantum-Sized Carbon Dots for Bright and Colorful Photoluminescence J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 7756-7757 10.1021/ja062677d
38. Zhao, Q. L.; Zhang, Z. L.; Huang, B. H.; Peng, J.; Zhang, M.; Pang, D. W. Facile Preparation of Low Cytotoxicity Fluorescent Carbon Nanocrystals by Electrooxidation of Graphite Chem. Commun. 2008, 5116-5118 10.1039/b812420e
39. Li, H. T.; He, X. D.; Kang, Z. H.; Huang, H.; Liu, Y.; Liu, J. L.; Lian, S. Y.; Tsang, C. H. A.; Yang, X. B.; Lee, S. T. Water-Soluble Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots and Photocatalyst Design Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 4430-4434 10.1002/anie.200906154
40. Dhenadhayalan, N.; Selvaraju, C.; Ramamurthy, P. Photoionization and Time-Dependent Stokes Shift of Coumarin 307 in Soft Matter: Solvation and Radical-Ion Pair Recombination Dynamics J. Phys. Chem. B 2011, 115, 10892-10902 10.1021/jp203092c
41. Lakowicz, J. R. Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 3 rd ed.; Springer Science: New York, 2006.
42. Dhenadhayalan, N.; Lin, K.-C. Chemically Induced Fluorescence Switching of Carbon-Dots and Its Multiple Logic Gate Implementation Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 10012 10.1038/srep10012
43. Jin, S. H.; Kim, D. H.; Jun, G. H.; Hong, S. H.; Jeon, S. Tuning the Photoluminescence of Graphene Quantum Dots Through the Charge Transfer Effect of Functional Groups ACS Nano 2013, 7, 1239-1245 10.1021/nn304675g
44. Song, Y.; Zhu, S.; Xiang, S.; Zhao, X.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, H.; Fu, Y.; Yang, B. Investigation into the Fluorescence Quenching Behaviors and Applications of Carbon Dots Nanoscale 2014, 6, 4676-4682 10.1039/c4nr00029c
45. Song, Y.; Zhu, S.; Zhang, S.; Fu, Y.; Wang, L.; Zhao, X.; Yang, B. Investigation from Chemical Structure to Photoluminescent Mechanism: A Type of Carbon Dots from the Pyrolysis of Citric Acid and an Amine J. Mater. Chem. C 2015, 3, 5976-5984 10.1039/C5TC00813A
46. Koti, A. S. R.; Krishna, M. M. G.; Periasamy, N. Time-Resolved Area-Normalized Emission Spectroscopy (TRANES): A Novel Method for Confirming Emission from Two Excited States J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 1767-1771 10.1021/jp004361c
47. Koti, A. S. R.; Periasamy, N. Application of Time Resolved Area Normalized Emission Spectroscopy to Multicomponent Systems J. Chem. Phys. 2001, 115, 7094-7099 10.1063/1.1405017
48. Peng, J.; Gao, W.; Gupta, B. K.; Liu, Z.; Romero-Aburto, R.; Ge, L.; Song, L.; Alemany, L. B.; Zhan, X.; Gao, G. et al. Graphene Quantum Dots Derived from Carbon Fibers Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 844-849 10.1021/nl2038979
49. Melnikov, D. V.; Chelikowsky, J. R. Quantum Confinement in Phosphorus-Doped Silicon Nanocrystals Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92, 046802 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.046802