메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue , 2016, Pages 74-83

Managing marine wildlife tourism activities: Analysis of motivations and specialization levels of divers and whale watchers

Author keywords

Sustainable tourism; Tourism management; Tourist motivation; User specialization; Visitor attitudes; Wildlife tourism

Indexed keywords


EID: 84955274556     PISSN: 22119736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2016.01.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 79960877565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCUBA diver specialization and behavior norms at coral reefs
    • Anderson L.E., Loomis D. SCUBA diver specialization and behavior norms at coral reefs. Coastal Management 2011, 39:478-491. 10.1080/08920753.2011.598813.
    • (2011) Coastal Management , vol.39 , pp. 478-491
    • Anderson, L.E.1    Loomis, D.2
  • 4
    • 84878104391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond progression in specialization research: Leisure capital and participation change
    • Backlund E.A., Kuentzel W.F. Beyond progression in specialization research: Leisure capital and participation change. Leisure Sciences 2013, 35:293-299. 10.1080/01490400.2013.780543.
    • (2013) Leisure Sciences , vol.35 , pp. 293-299
    • Backlund, E.A.1    Kuentzel, W.F.2
  • 5
    • 84883809378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for marine wildlife tourism in small islands - The case of the Azores
    • Bentz J., Dearden P., Calado H. Strategies for marine wildlife tourism in small islands - The case of the Azores. Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue 2013, 65:874-879. 10.2112/SI65-148.1.
    • (2013) Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue , vol.65 , pp. 874-879
    • Bentz, J.1    Dearden, P.2    Calado, H.3
  • 7
    • 0030390244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing ecotourism. An opportunity spectrum approach
    • Boyd S., Butler R. Managing ecotourism. An opportunity spectrum approach. Tourism Management 1996, 17:557-566. 10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00076-3.
    • (1996) Tourism Management , vol.17 , pp. 557-566
    • Boyd, S.1    Butler, R.2
  • 8
    • 0000503884 scopus 로고
    • Leisure value systems and recreation specialisation
    • Bryan H. Leisure value systems and recreation specialisation. Journal of Leisure Research 1977, 9:174-187. (Retrieved from: http://jtr.sagepub.com/content/16/3/35.4.full.pdf+html).
    • (1977) Journal of Leisure Research , vol.9 , pp. 174-187
    • Bryan, H.1
  • 9
    • 0018917460 scopus 로고
    • The concept of tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources
    • Butler R. The concept of tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer 1980, 24:5-12. 10.1111/j.1541-0064.1980.tb00970.x.
    • (1980) Canadian Geographer , vol.24 , pp. 5-12
    • Butler, R.1
  • 10
    • 84857552477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of conservation education dive briefings as a management tool on the timing and nature of recreational SCUBA diving impacts on coral reefs
    • Camp E., Fraser D. Influence of conservation education dive briefings as a management tool on the timing and nature of recreational SCUBA diving impacts on coral reefs. Ocean and Coastal Management 2012, 61:30-37. 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.02.002.
    • (2012) Ocean and Coastal Management , vol.61 , pp. 30-37
    • Camp, E.1    Fraser, D.2
  • 11
    • 73449109165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whale shark tourism at Ningaloo Marine Park: A longitudinal study of wildlife tourism
    • 386-294
    • Catlin J., Jones R. Whale shark tourism at Ningaloo Marine Park: A longitudinal study of wildlife tourism. Tourism Management 2010, 3:386-294. 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.04.004.
    • (2010) Tourism Management , vol.3
    • Catlin, J.1    Jones, R.2
  • 12
    • 79956224548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting Duffus and Dearden's wildlife tourism framework
    • Catlin J., Jones R., Jones T. Revisiting Duffus and Dearden's wildlife tourism framework. Biological Conservation 2011, 144:1537-1544. 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.01.021.
    • (2011) Biological Conservation , vol.144 , pp. 1537-1544
    • Catlin, J.1    Jones, R.2    Jones, T.3
  • 13
    • 77952067090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consolidation in a wildlife tourism industry: The changing impact of whale shark tourist expenditure in the Ningaloo coast region
    • Catlin J., Jones T., Norman B., Wood D. Consolidation in a wildlife tourism industry: The changing impact of whale shark tourist expenditure in the Ningaloo coast region. International Journal of Tourism Research 2010, 12:134-138. 10.1002/jtr.742.
    • (2010) International Journal of Tourism Research , vol.12 , pp. 134-138
    • Catlin, J.1    Jones, T.2    Norman, B.3    Wood, D.4
  • 14
    • 0347895839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segmenting participants in wildlife watching: A comparison of casual wildlife watchers and serious birders
    • Cole J.S., Scott D. Segmenting participants in wildlife watching: A comparison of casual wildlife watchers and serious birders. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 1999, 4:44-61. 10.1080/10871209909359164.
    • (1999) Human Dimensions of Wildlife , vol.4 , pp. 44-61
    • Cole, J.S.1    Scott, D.2
  • 15
    • 33846863956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications for reef conservation of diver specialization
    • Dearden P., Bennett M., Rollins R. Implications for reef conservation of diver specialization. Environmental Conservation 2006, 33:353-363. 10.1017/S0376892906003419.
    • (2006) Environmental Conservation , vol.33 , pp. 353-363
    • Dearden, P.1    Bennett, M.2    Rollins, R.3
  • 16
    • 34147129743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of diving impacts and implications for reef conservation
    • Dearden P., Bennett M., Rollins R. Perceptions of diving impacts and implications for reef conservation. Coastal Management 2007, 35:305-317. 10.1080/08920750601169584.
    • (2007) Coastal Management , vol.35 , pp. 305-317
    • Dearden, P.1    Bennett, M.2    Rollins, R.3
  • 17
    • 70350564272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCUBA diver behaviour and its effects on the biota of a Mediterranean marine protected area
    • Di Franco A., Millazzo M., Pasquale B., Tomasello A., Chemello R. SCUBA diver behaviour and its effects on the biota of a Mediterranean marine protected area. Environmental Conservation 2009, 36:32-40. 10.1017/S0376892909005426.
    • (2009) Environmental Conservation , vol.36 , pp. 32-40
    • Di Franco, A.1    Millazzo, M.2    Pasquale, B.3    Tomasello, A.4    Chemello, R.5
  • 18
    • 38149055567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and feeding ecology of dolphins along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Iceland and the Azores
    • Doksæter L., Olsen E., Nøttestad L., Fernö A. Distribution and feeding ecology of dolphins along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Iceland and the Azores. Deep Sea Research, Part II 2008, 55:243-253. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.09.009.
    • (2008) Deep Sea Research, Part II , vol.55 , pp. 243-253
    • Doksæter, L.1    Olsen, E.2    Nøttestad, L.3    Fernö, A.4
  • 19
    • 0025584653 scopus 로고
    • Non-consumptive wildlife-oriented recreation, a conceptual framework
    • Duffus D., Dearden P. Non-consumptive wildlife-oriented recreation, a conceptual framework. Biological Conservation 1990, 53:213-231. 10.1016/0006-3207(90)90087-6.
    • (1990) Biological Conservation , vol.53 , pp. 213-231
    • Duffus, D.1    Dearden, P.2
  • 20
    • 0027330681 scopus 로고
    • Recreational use, valuation and management of killer whales (Orcinus orca) on Canada's Pacific coast
    • Duffus D., Dearden P. Recreational use, valuation and management of killer whales (Orcinus orca) on Canada's Pacific coast. Environmental Conservation 1993, 20:149-156. 10.1017/S0376892900037656.
    • (1993) Environmental Conservation , vol.20 , pp. 149-156
    • Duffus, D.1    Dearden, P.2
  • 21
    • 84858018648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diver characteristics, motivations, and attitudes: Chuuk Lagoon
    • Edney J. Diver characteristics, motivations, and attitudes: Chuuk Lagoon. Tourism in Marine Environments 2012, 8:7-18. 10.3727/154427312X13262430523983.
    • (2012) Tourism in Marine Environments , vol.8 , pp. 7-18
    • Edney, J.1
  • 23
    • 84987786084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable wildlife tourism in New Zealand: An analysis of visitor experiences
    • Higham J.E.S., Carr A.M. Sustainable wildlife tourism in New Zealand: An analysis of visitor experiences. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 2003, 8:25-36. 10.1080/10871200390180127.
    • (2003) Human Dimensions of Wildlife , vol.8 , pp. 25-36
    • Higham, J.E.S.1    Carr, A.M.2
  • 24
    • 84890230532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine wildlife and tourism management: In search of scientific approaches to sustainability
    • CAB International, J.E.S. Higham, M. Lück (Eds.)
    • Higham J.E.S., Lück M. Marine wildlife and tourism management: In search of scientific approaches to sustainability. Marine wildlife and tourism management: Insights from the natural and social sciences 2008, 1-16. CAB International. J.E.S. Higham, M. Lück (Eds.).
    • (2008) Marine wildlife and tourism management: Insights from the natural and social sciences , pp. 1-16
    • Higham, J.E.S.1    Lück, M.2
  • 25
    • 77958039304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expenditure and ecotourism: Predictors of expenditure for whale shark tour participants
    • Jones T., Wood D., Catlin J., Norman B. Expenditure and ecotourism: Predictors of expenditure for whale shark tour participants. Journal of Ecotourism 2009, 8:32-50. 10.1080/14724040802517922.
    • (2009) Journal of Ecotourism , vol.8 , pp. 32-50
    • Jones, T.1    Wood, D.2    Catlin, J.3    Norman, B.4
  • 26
    • 5044221070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conventional tourism and ecotourism in Phuket, Thailand: Conflicting paradigms or symbiotic partners?
    • Kontogeorgopoulos N. Conventional tourism and ecotourism in Phuket, Thailand: Conflicting paradigms or symbiotic partners?. Journal of Ecotourism 2004, 3:87-108. 10.1080/14724040408668152.
    • (2004) Journal of Ecotourism , vol.3 , pp. 87-108
    • Kontogeorgopoulos, N.1
  • 27
    • 33845749182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From novice to expert? A panel study of specialization progression and change
    • Kuentzel W.F., Heberlein T.A. From novice to expert? A panel study of specialization progression and change. Journal of Insure Research 2006, 38:496-512. (Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas_Heberlein/publication/228469274_From_novice:to_expert_A_panel_study_of_specialization_progression_and_change/links/0046352a050f3288e8000000.pdf).
    • (2006) Journal of Insure Research , vol.38 , pp. 496-512
    • Kuentzel, W.F.1    Heberlein, T.A.2
  • 28
    • 40749104778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life course changes and competing leisure interest as obstacles to boating specialization
    • Kuentzel W.F., Heberlein T.A. Life course changes and competing leisure interest as obstacles to boating specialization. Leisure Sciences 2008, 30:143-157. 10.1080/01490400701881382.
    • (2008) Leisure Sciences , vol.30 , pp. 143-157
    • Kuentzel, W.F.1    Heberlein, T.A.2
  • 29
    • 0008424579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social status, self-development, and the process of sailing specialization
    • Kuentzel W.F., Heberlein T.A. Social status, self-development, and the process of sailing specialization. Journal of Leisure Research 1997, 29:300-319. (Retrieved from: http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19981802525.html).
    • (1997) Journal of Leisure Research , vol.29 , pp. 300-319
    • Kuentzel, W.F.1    Heberlein, T.A.2
  • 30
    • 77951160421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable whale-watching tourism and climate change: Towards a framework of resilience
    • Lambert E., Hunter C., Pierce G.J., MacLeod C.D. Sustainable whale-watching tourism and climate change: Towards a framework of resilience. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2010, 18:409-427. 10.1080/09669581003655497.
    • (2010) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.18 , pp. 409-427
    • Lambert, E.1    Hunter, C.2    Pierce, G.J.3    MacLeod, C.D.4
  • 31
    • 39049153768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polar bear viewers as deep ecotourists: How specialised are they?
    • Lemelin R.H., Fennell D., Smale B. Polar bear viewers as deep ecotourists: How specialised are they?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2008, 16:42-62. 10.2167/jost702.0.
    • (2008) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.16 , pp. 42-62
    • Lemelin, R.H.1    Fennell, D.2    Smale, B.3
  • 32
    • 33947302564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visitor perceptions and the shifting social carrying capacity of South Sinai's coral reefs
    • Leujak W., Omond R.F.G. Visitor perceptions and the shifting social carrying capacity of South Sinai's coral reefs. Environmental Management 2007, 39:472-489. 10.1007/s00267-006-0040-1.
    • (2007) Environmental Management , vol.39 , pp. 472-489
    • Leujak, W.1    Omond, R.F.G.2
  • 33
    • 84875793387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing diving impacts on reef ecosystems: Analysis of putative influences of motivations, marine life preferences and experience on divers' environmental perceptions
    • Lucrezi S., Saayman M., van der Merve P. Managing diving impacts on reef ecosystems: Analysis of putative influences of motivations, marine life preferences and experience on divers' environmental perceptions. Ocean and Coastal Management 2013, 76:52-63. 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.020.
    • (2013) Ocean and Coastal Management , vol.76 , pp. 52-63
    • Lucrezi, S.1    Saayman, M.2    van der Merve, P.3
  • 34
    • 64949178664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benthic impacts of recreational divers in a Mediterranean marine protected area
    • Luna B., Pérez V., Sánchez-Lizaso J. Benthic impacts of recreational divers in a Mediterranean marine protected area. ICES Journal of Marine Science 2009, 66:517-523. 10.1093/icesjms/fsp020.
    • (2009) ICES Journal of Marine Science , vol.66 , pp. 517-523
    • Luna, B.1    Pérez, V.2    Sánchez-Lizaso, J.3
  • 35
    • 4243075401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hidden cost of tourism: Detecting long-term effects of tourism using behavioral information
    • Lusseau D. The hidden cost of tourism: Detecting long-term effects of tourism using behavioral information. Ecology and Society 2004, 9(1):2. (URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss1/art2).
    • (2004) Ecology and Society , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 2
    • Lusseau, D.1
  • 36
    • 17244377287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term reactions of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) to whale-watching vessels in the Azores
    • Magalhães S., Prieto R., Silva M.A., Gonçalves J., Afonso-Dias M., Santos R.S. Short-term reactions of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) to whale-watching vessels in the Azores. Aquatic Mammals 2002, 28:267-274. (Retrieved from: http://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25&Itemid=59).
    • (2002) Aquatic Mammals , vol.28 , pp. 267-274
    • Magalhães, S.1    Prieto, R.2    Silva, M.A.3    Gonçalves, J.4    Afonso-Dias, M.5    Santos, R.S.6
  • 38
    • 84890153747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specialization of whale watchers in British Columbia waters
    • CABI Wallingford, UK, J.E.S. Higham, M. Luck (Eds.)
    • Malcom C., Duffus D. Specialization of whale watchers in British Columbia waters. Marine wildlife and tourism management 2008, 109-129. CABI Wallingford, UK. J.E.S. Higham, M. Luck (Eds.).
    • (2008) Marine wildlife and tourism management , pp. 109-129
    • Malcom, C.1    Duffus, D.2
  • 39
    • 0027330729 scopus 로고
    • Managing for wildlife viewing recreation experiences: An application in Colorado
    • Manfredo M.J., Larson R.A. Managing for wildlife viewing recreation experiences: An application in Colorado. Wildlife Society Bulletin 1993, 21:226-236. (Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250614028_Managing_for_wildlife_viewing_recreation_experiences_an_application_in_Colorado).
    • (1993) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 226-236
    • Manfredo, M.J.1    Larson, R.A.2
  • 41
    • 0033829388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degree and range of specialization across related hunting activities
    • Miller C.A., Graefe A.R. Degree and range of specialization across related hunting activities. Leisure Sciences 2000, 22:195-204. 10.1080/01490409950121861.
    • (2000) Leisure Sciences , vol.22 , pp. 195-204
    • Miller, C.A.1    Graefe, A.R.2
  • 42
    • 84858045775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCUBA diving tourism - Introduction to special issue
    • Musa G., Dimmock K. SCUBA diving tourism - Introduction to special issue. Tourism in Marine Environments 2012, 8:1-5. 10.3727/154427312X13262430523947.
    • (2012) Tourism in Marine Environments , vol.8 , pp. 1-5
    • Musa, G.1    Dimmock, K.2
  • 43
    • 78649580507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of scuba divers' personality, experience, and demographic profile on their underwater behavior
    • Musa G., Seng W.T., Thirumoorthi T., Abessi M. The influence of scuba divers' personality, experience, and demographic profile on their underwater behavior. Tourism in Marine Environments 2011, 7:1-14. 10.3727/154427310X12826772784757.
    • (2011) Tourism in Marine Environments , vol.7 , pp. 1-14
    • Musa, G.1    Seng, W.T.2    Thirumoorthi, T.3    Abessi, M.4
  • 44
    • 70849110964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing a self-classification measure of recreation specialization among anglers
    • Needham M.D., Sprouse L.J., Grimm K.E. Testing a self-classification measure of recreation specialization among anglers. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 2009, 14:448-455. 10.1080/10871200903032580.
    • (2009) Human Dimensions of Wildlife , vol.14 , pp. 448-455
    • Needham, M.D.1    Sprouse, L.J.2    Grimm, K.E.3
  • 45
    • 34547093634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hunting specialization and its relationship to participation in response to chronic wasting disease
    • Needham M.D., Vaske J.J., Donnelly M.P., Manfredo M.J. Hunting specialization and its relationship to participation in response to chronic wasting disease. Journal of Leisure Research 2007, 39:413-437. (Retrieved from: http://js.sagamorepub.com/jlr/article/view/470).
    • (2007) Journal of Leisure Research , vol.39 , pp. 413-437
    • Needham, M.D.1    Vaske, J.J.2    Donnelly, M.P.3    Manfredo, M.J.4
  • 46
    • 60949089478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politics of environmentalism and ecological knowledge at the intersection of local and global processes
    • Neves-Graça K. Politics of environmentalism and ecological knowledge at the intersection of local and global processes. Journal of Ecological Anthropology 2006, 10:19-32. 10.5038/2162-4593.10.1.2.
    • (2006) Journal of Ecological Anthropology , vol.10 , pp. 19-32
    • Neves-Graça, K.1
  • 50
    • 84863190135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the influences of experience, personality and attitude on SCUBA divers' underwater behavior: A structural equation model
    • Ong T.F., Musa G. Examining the influences of experience, personality and attitude on SCUBA divers' underwater behavior: A structural equation model. Tourism Management 2012, 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.007.
    • (2012) Tourism Management
    • Ong, T.F.1    Musa, G.2
  • 51
    • 0034092315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourists getting close to whales, is it what whale-watching is all about?
    • Orams M. Tourists getting close to whales, is it what whale-watching is all about?. Tourism Management 2000, 21:561-569. 10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00006-6.
    • (2000) Tourism Management , vol.21 , pp. 561-569
    • Orams, M.1
  • 52
    • 84857954436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An industry in decline? The evolution of whale-watching tourism in Hervey Bay, Australia
    • Peake S. An industry in decline? The evolution of whale-watching tourism in Hervey Bay, Australia. Tourism in Marine Environments 2011, 7:121-132. 10.3727/154427311X13195453162651.
    • (2011) Tourism in Marine Environments , vol.7 , pp. 121-132
    • Peake, S.1
  • 53
    • 84862165268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of a benchmarking approach for assessing service quality satisfaction in environmental tourism
    • CAB International, Oxfordshire, UK, B. Prideaux, G. Moscardo, E. Laws (Eds.)
    • Pearce P.L. The value of a benchmarking approach for assessing service quality satisfaction in environmental tourism. Managing tourism and hospitality services: Theory and international applications 2006, 282-299. CAB International, Oxfordshire, UK. B. Prideaux, G. Moscardo, E. Laws (Eds.).
    • (2006) Managing tourism and hospitality services: Theory and international applications , pp. 282-299
    • Pearce, P.L.1
  • 54
    • 84955305376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished data
    • Regional Directorate for Air and Maritime Transport Numbers of divers in the Azores 2013, Unpublished data.
    • (2013) Numbers of divers in the Azores
  • 56
    • 2042510733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a specialization index and testing of specialization theory
    • Salz R.J., Loomis D.K., Finn K.L. Development and validation of a specialization index and testing of specialization theory. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 2001, 6:239-258. 10.1080/108712001753473939.
    • (2001) Human Dimensions of Wildlife , vol.6 , pp. 239-258
    • Salz, R.J.1    Loomis, D.K.2    Finn, K.L.3
  • 57
    • 1642439828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreation specialization: A critical look at the construct
    • Scott D., Shafer C.S. Recreation specialization: A critical look at the construct. Journal of Leisure Research 2001, 33:319-343. (Retrieved from: http://js.sagamorepub.com/jlr/article/view/650).
    • (2001) Journal of Leisure Research , vol.33 , pp. 319-343
    • Scott, D.1    Shafer, C.S.2
  • 58
    • 29344457243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the birder as tourist: Segmenting visitors to the Texas hummer/bird celebration
    • Scott D., Thigpen J. Understanding the birder as tourist: Segmenting visitors to the Texas hummer/bird celebration. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 2003, 8:199-218. 10.1080/10871200304311.
    • (2003) Human Dimensions of Wildlife , vol.8 , pp. 199-218
    • Scott, D.1    Thigpen, J.2
  • 59
    • 33749826102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring specialization among birders: Utility of a self-classification measure
    • Scott D., Ditton R.B., Stoll J.R., Eubanks T.L. Measuring specialization among birders: Utility of a self-classification measure. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 2005, 10:53-74. 10.1080/10871200590904888.
    • (2005) Human Dimensions of Wildlife , vol.10 , pp. 53-74
    • Scott, D.1    Ditton, R.B.2    Stoll, J.R.3    Eubanks, T.L.4
  • 63
    • 34547121948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing scuba divers to meet ecological goals for coral reef conservation
    • Sorice M.G., Oh C., Ditton R.B. Managing scuba divers to meet ecological goals for coral reef conservation. Ambio 2007, 36:316-322. 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[316:MSDTME]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2007) Ambio , vol.36 , pp. 316-322
    • Sorice, M.G.1    Oh, C.2    Ditton, R.B.3
  • 64
    • 61549143619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring level of support for management restrictions using a self-classification measure of recreation specialization
    • Sorice M.G., Oh C., Ditton R.B. Exploring level of support for management restrictions using a self-classification measure of recreation specialization. Leisure Sciences 2009, 31:107-123. 10.1080/01490400802685914.
    • (2009) Leisure Sciences , vol.31 , pp. 107-123
    • Sorice, M.G.1    Oh, C.2    Ditton, R.B.3
  • 65
    • 33845796622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specialization and marine based environmental behavior among SCUBA divers
    • Thapa B., Graefe A.R., Meyer L.A. Specialization and marine based environmental behavior among SCUBA divers. Journal of Leisure Research 2006, 38:601-615. (Retrieved from: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/23317370/specialization-marine-based-environmental-behaviors-among-scuba-divers).
    • (2006) Journal of Leisure Research , vol.38 , pp. 601-615
    • Thapa, B.1    Graefe, A.R.2    Meyer, L.A.3
  • 67
    • 33644914470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating ecotourism sustainability from the integrated perspective of resource, community and tourism
    • Tsaur S.-H., Lin Y.-C., Lin J.-H. Evaluating ecotourism sustainability from the integrated perspective of resource, community and tourism. Tourism Management 2006, 27:640-653. 10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.006.
    • (2006) Tourism Management , vol.27 , pp. 640-653
    • Tsaur, S.-H.1    Lin, Y.-C.2    Lin, J.-H.3
  • 68
    • 69749121388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past and recent sperm whales sightings in the Azores based on catches and whale watching information
    • Vieira N., Brito C. Past and recent sperm whales sightings in the Azores based on catches and whale watching information. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2009, 89:1067-1070.
    • (2009) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , vol.89 , pp. 1067-1070
    • Vieira, N.1    Brito, C.2
  • 69
    • 79954461919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risso's dolphins alter daily resting pattern in response to whale watching at the Azores
    • Visser F., Hartman K., Rood E.J.J., Hendriks A.J.E., Zult D.B., Wolfe W.J. Risso's dolphins alter daily resting pattern in response to whale watching at the Azores. Marine Mammal Science 2011, 27:366-381. 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00398.x.
    • (2011) Marine Mammal Science , vol.27 , pp. 366-381
    • Visser, F.1    Hartman, K.2    Rood, E.J.J.3    Hendriks, A.J.E.4    Zult, D.B.5    Wolfe, W.J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.