Consolidation in a wildlife tourism industry: The changing impact of whale shark tourist expenditure in the Ningaloo coast region

International Journal of Tourism Research

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 134-148

  Catlin, James ^a   Jones, Tod ^b   Norman, Brad ^c   Wood, David ^b  

^a Social Sciences   (Australia)

^b CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c MURDOCH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Expenditure; Tourism; Whale sharks

Indexed keywords

ECOTOURISM; EXPENDITURE; LEISURE INDUSTRY; MARINE PARK; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT; TOURISM ECONOMICS; TOURIST ATTRACTION; TOURIST DESTINATION;

AUSTRALIA; NINGALOO REEF; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

RHINCODONTIDAE;

EID: 77952067090     PISSN: 10992340     EISSN: 15221970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jtr.742     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). 2006. Tourist Accommodation, Small Area Data, Western Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra.
2. Birtles A, Valentine PS, Arnold PW, Dunstan A. 2002. Incorporating visitor experiences into ecologically sustainable dwarf minke whale tourism in the Northern Great Barrier reef. Townsville, Queensland: The CRC Reef Research Ltd.
3. Bryan H. 1977. Leisure value systems and recreation specialisation. Journal of Leisure Research, 9: 174-87.
4. Butler RW. 2006. The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: implications for management of resources. In The Tourism Area Life Cycle, Vol. 1: Applications and Modifications, Butler RW (ed). Channel View: Clevedon; 3-12.
5. CALM (Department of Conservation and Land Management). 2005a. Management Plan for the Ningaloo Marine Park and Muiron Islands Marine Management Area, 2005-2015. CALM: Perth, Western Australia.
6. CALM (Department of Conservation and Land Management). 2005b. Management Plan for the Ningaloo Marine Park and Muiron Islands Marine Management Area, 2005-2015. CALM: Perth.
7. Carlsen J. 1997. Economic evaluation of recreation and tourism in natural areas: a case study in New South Wales, Australia. Tourism Economics, 3(3): 227-239.
8. Carlsen J, Wood D. 2004. Assessment of the Economic Value of Recreation and Tourism in Western Australia's National Parks, Marine Parks and Forests. Collaborative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism: Gold Coast.
9. Catlin J. 2005. Participant satisfaction with the whale shark experience at Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia. Unpublished Honours Dissertation, Curtin University of Technology: Perth, Australia.
10. Catlin J, Jones R. 2006. Evolution of the whale shark tourism market. Paper presented at the 2nd Australian Wildlife Tourism Conference, Wildlife Tourism Australia: Fremantle, Western Australia (13-15 August 2006).
11. Colman JG. 1997. A review of the biology and ecology of the whale shark. Journal of Fish Biology, 51: 1219-1234.
12. Davis D, Tisdell CA. 1998. Tourist levies and willingness to pay for a whale shark experience. Tourism Economics, 5(2): 161-174.
13. Davis D, Banks S, Birtles A, Valentine P, Cuthill M. 1997. Whale sharks in Ningaloo Marine Park: managing tourism in an Australian marine protected area. Tourism Management, 18(5): 259-271.
14. Dearden P, Bennett M, Rollins R. 2007. Implications for reef conservation of diver specialization. Environmental Conservation, 33(4): 353-363.
15. Driml S. 1998. The Value of Protected Areas to Queensland. Department of Environment: Brisbane, Queensland.
16. Duffus DA, Dearden P. 1990. Non-consumptive wildlife-oriented recreation: a conceptual framework. Biological Conservation, 53: 213-231.
17. Dwyer L, Forsyth P, Spurr R. 2004. Evaluating tourism's economic effects: new and old approaches. Tourism Management, 25(3): 307-317.
18. Eagles PFJ. 2002. Trends in park tourism: economics, finance and management. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(2): 132-53.
19. Economics and Regulatory Reform Unit. 1999. The Contribution of Montague Island Nature Reserve to Regional Economic Development. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service: Sydney.
20. Economics and Regulatory Reform Unit. 2000. The Contribution of Wurrambungle National Park to Regional Economic Development. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service: Sydney.
21. Fesenmaier DR, Jones L, Um S, Ozuna T. 1989. Assessing the economic impact of outdoor recreation travel to the Texas Gulf Coast. Journal of Travel Research, 28(1): 18-23.
22. Fowler SL. 2000. Whale Shark Rhincodon typus. Policy and Research Scoping Paper. Nature Conservation Bureau, UK: London.
23. Frechtling DC. 2006. An assessment of visitor expenditure methods and models. Journal of Travel Research, 45(1): 26-35.
24. Green D. 1997. The Development and Evaluation of Activity Schedules for Tourists on One-day Commercial Reef Trips. The CRC Reef Research Ltd: Townsville, Queensland.
25. Johnson RL, Moore E. 1993. Tourism impact estimation. Annals of Tourism Research, 20: 279-88.
26. Lee C, Han S. 2002. Estimating the use and preservation values of national parks' tourism resources using a contingent valuation method. Tourism Management, 235: 531-540.
27. Mihalic T. 2002. Tourism and economic development issues. In Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues, Sharpley R, Telfer DJ (eds). Channel View Publications: Clevedon, UK; 81-111.
28. Musa, G. 2003. Sipadan: an over-exploited scubadiving paradise? An analysis of tourism impact, diver satisfaction and management priorities. In Marine Ecotourism Issues and Experiences, Garrod B, Wilson JC (eds). Channel View Publications: Clevedon, England.
29. Nayak B. 2001. Economic-ecologic values of an Indian forest: a case study. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(3): 325.
30. Newman HE, Colman JG, Medcraft AJ. 2002. Whale shark tagging and ecotourism. In Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management. Proc. Int. Seminar and Workshop, Fowler SL, Reid T, Dipper FA (eds). IUCN, Switzerland: Sabah, Malaysia.
31. Norman B. 2002. Review of Current and Historical Research on the Ecology of Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus), and Applications to Conservation Through Management of the Species. CALM: Perth.
32. Pearce DG. 1981. Estimating visitor expenditure: a review and a New Zealand case study. International Journal of Tourism Management, 2(4): 240-52.
33. Pearson L, Russell I, Woodford K. 2000. Economic Impact of Noosa National Park on the Sunshine Coast and Noosa Economies. School of Natural and Rural Systems Management, University of Queensland: Brisbane, Queensland.
34. Pol AP, Pascual MB, Vasquez PC. 2006. Robust estimators and bootstrap confidence intervals applied to tourism spending. Tourism Management, 27(1): 42-50.
35. Saayman M, Saayman A. 2006. Estimating the economic contribution of visitor spending in the Kruger National Park to the regional economy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(1): 67.
36. Sahli M, Nowak J-J. 2005. An economic explanation of the net benefits of tourism growth to the community. Paper presented at the Best Education Network Think Tank V, University of the West Indies: Kingston, Jamaica (16-19 June).
37. Stoeckl N, Greiner R, Mayocchi C. 2006. The community impacts of different types of visitors: an empirical investigation of tourism in North-west Queensland. Tourism Management, 27(1): 97-112.
38. Stoeckl N, Smith A, Newsome D, Lee D. 2005. Regional economic dependence on iconic wildlife tourism: case studies of Monkey Mia and Harvey Bay. Journal of Tourism Studies, 16(1): 69-81.
39. Stynes DJ, White EM. 2006. Reflections on measuring recreation and travel spending. Journal of Travel Research, 45(1): 8-16.
40. Tisdell C, Wilson C. 2002. Economic, Educational, and Conservation Benefits of Sea Turtle Based Ecotourism: A Study Focused on Mon Repos. Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre: Gold Coast, Australia.
41. Tyrrell TJ, Johnston RJ. 2006. The economic impacts of tourism: a special issue. Journal of Travel Research, 45(1): 3-7.
42. Ward J. 1999. Measuring the economic value of recreation and tourism on Fraser Island. Australia - the world's natural theme park. Paper presented at the Ecotourism Association of Australia National Conference, Brisbane: Fraser Island, Queensland (1999).
43. Western Australian Planning Commission (WAPC). 2004. Ningaloo Coast Regional Strategy Carnarvon to Exmouth. WAPC: Perth, Australia.
44. Wilson E, Mau R, Hughes M. 2005. Whale Shark Interaction Management: Progress Report 2005. CALM Wildlife Management Program No. 27: Perth, Australia.
45. Wilson SG, Taylor JG, Pearce AF. 2001. The seasonal aggregation of whale sharks at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia: currents, migrations and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 61: 1-11.
46. Wood, D. 2000. National imperatives and local agendas: a case study of the participatory tourism planning in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Curtin University of Technology: Perth.
47. Wood D, Dowling R. 2002. Tourism Surveys in the North West Cape Region 1989-2002. Department of Planning and Infrastructure: Perth, Australia.
48. Wood D, Glasson J. 2006. Giving the environment a voice: the transformational potential of valuing tourism in sensitive natural environments: the case of the Ningaloo coastal region, Western Australia. Journal of Planning Practice and Research, 20(4): 391-407.
49. Wood D, Glasson J, Carlsen J, Hopkins D. 2006. Economic Evaluation of Tourism for Natural Areas: Development of a 'Toolkit Approach'. STCRC Monograph: Gold Coast, Queensland.
50. Xue D, Cook A, Tisdell C. 2000. Biodiversity and the tourism value of Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve, China: a travel cost approach. Tourism Economics, 6(4): 335-357.