Is it Time to Consider the “Burnout Syndrome” A Distinct Illness?

Frontiers in Public Health

Volumn 3, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Bianchi, Renzo ^a   Schonfeld, Irvin Sam ^b   Laurent, Eric ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEUCHÂTEL   (Switzerland)

^b CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE FRANCHE COMTÉ   (France)

Author keywords

burnout syndrome; conceptual overlap; depression; depressive disorders; differential diagnosis; mood disorders; nosology; stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 84955187547     PISSN: None     EISSN: 22962565     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00158     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Maslach C Schaufeli WB Leiter MP. Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol (2001) 52:397–422.10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.39711148311
2. Freudenberger HJ. Staff burnout. J Soc Issues (1974) 30:159–65.10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x
3. Schaufeli WB Leiter MP Maslach C. Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Dev Int (2009) 14:204–20.10.1108/13620430910966406
4. Weber A Jaekel-Reinhard A. Burnout syndrome: a disease of modern societies? Occup Med (2000) 50:512–7.10.1093/occmed/50.7.51211198677
5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: Author (2013).
6. Friberg T. Burnout: from popular culture to psychiatric diagnosis in Sweden. Cult Med Psychiatry (2009) 33:538–58.10.1007/s11013-009-9149-z19795101
7. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: Author (1992).
8. Bianchi R Schonfeld IS Laurent E. Burnout-depression overlap: a review. Clin Psychol Rev (2015) 36:28–41.10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.00425638755
9. Bianchi R Schonfeld IS Laurent E. Is burnout separable from depression in cluster analysis? A longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol (2015) 50(6):1005–11.10.1007/s00127-014-0996-825527209
10. Robins E Guze SB. Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry (1970) 126:983–7.10.1176/ajp.126.7.983
11. Schaufeli WB. Past performance and future perspectives of burnout research. South Afr J Indust Psychol (2003) 29:1–15.10.4102/sajip.v29i4.127
12. Schaufeli WB Enzmann D. The Burnout Companion to Study and Practice: A Critical Analysis. London, UK: Taylor & Francis (1998).
13. Darwin CR. The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin. London, UK: John Murray (1887).
14. Gilbert P. Evolution and depression: issues and implications. Psychol Med (2006) 36:287–97.10.1017/S003329170500611216236231
15. Laborit H. La Nouvelle Grille. Paris: Gallimard (1974).
16. Peterson C Maier SF Seligman MEP. Learned Helplessness: A Theory for the Age of Personal Control. New York, NY: Oxford University Press (1993).
17. Pizzagalli DA. Depression, stress, and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model. Annu Rev Clin Psychol (2014) 10:393–423.10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-18560624471371
18. Bianchi R Schonfeld IS Laurent E. Is burnout a depressive disorder? A re-examination with special focus on atypical depression. Int J Stress Manag (2014) 21:307–24.10.1037/a0037906
19. Kroenke K Spitzer RL. The PHQ-9: a new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatr Ann (2002) 32:509–15.10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06
20. Blanco C Vesga-Lopez O Stewart JW Liu SM Grant BF Hasin DS. Epidemiology of major depression with atypical features: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC). J Clin Psychiatry (2012) 73:224–32.10.4088/JCP.10m06227
21. Matza LS Revicki DA Davidson JR Stewart JW. Depression with atypical features in the national comorbidity survey: classification, description, and consequences. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2003) 60:817–26.10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.81712912765
22. Bianchi R Laurent E. Emotional information processing in depression and burnout: an eye-tracking study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2015) 265:27–34.10.1007/s00406-014-0549-x25297694
23. Hintsa T Elovainio M Jokela M Ahola K Virtanen M Pirkola S. Is there an independent association between burnout and increased allostatic load? Testing the contribution of psychological distress and depression. J Health Psychol (in press).10.1177/135910531455961925476575
24. Ahola K Hakanen J Perhoniemi R Mutanen P. Relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms: a study using the person-centred approach. Burn Res (2014) 1:29–37.10.1016/j.burn.2014.03.003
25. Iacovides A Fountoulakis KN Kaprinis S Kaprinis G. The relationship between job stress, burnout and clinical depression. J Affect Disord (2003) 75:209–21.10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00101-512880934
26. Kristensen TS Borritz M Villadsen E Christensen KB. The Copenhagen burnout inventory: a new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work Stress (2005) 19:192–207.10.1080/02678370500297720
27. Shirom A Melamed S. A comparison of the construct validity of two burnout measures in two groups of professionals. Int J Stress Manag (2006) 13:176–200.10.1037/1072-5245.13.2.176
28. Cox T Tisserand M Taris T. The conceptualization and measurement of burnout: questions and directions. Work Stress (2005) 19:187–91.10.1080/02678370500387109
29. Rydmark I Wahlberg K Ghatan PH Modell S Nygren Å Ingvar M et al. Neuroendocrine, cognitive and structural imaging characteristics of women on longterm sickleave with job stress-induced depression. Biol Psychiatry (2006) 60:867–73.10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.02916934773
30. Tennant C. Work-related stress and depressive disorders. J Psychosom Res (2001) 51:697–704.10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00255-011728512
31. Wang J. Work stress as a risk factor for major depressive episode(s). Psychol Med (2005) 35:865–71.10.1017/S003329170400324115997606
32. Bianchi R Truchot D Laurent E Brisson R Schonfeld IS. Is burnout solely job-related? A critical comment. Scand J Psychol (2014) 55:357–61.10.1111/sjop.1211924749783
33. Hallsten L Josephson M Torgén M. Performance-Based Self-Esteem: A Driving Force in Burnout Processes and its Assessment. Stockholm: National Institute for Working Life (2005). Report No. 2005:4.
34. Pines AM Neal MB Hammer LB Icekson T. Job burnout and couple burnout in dual-earner couples in the sandwiched generation. Soc Psychol Q (2011) 74:361–86.10.1177/0190272511422452