Source apportionment and risk assessment of PM1 bound trace metals collected during foggy and non-foggy episodes at a representative site in the Indo-Gangetic plain

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 550, Issue , 2016, Pages 80-94

  Singh, Dharmendra Kumar ^a   Gupta, Tarun ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR   (India)

Author keywords

Foggy and non foggy episodes; Health risk assessment; Hi; Incremental lifetime cancer risks; PM1; Trace metals

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; COPPER; DISEASES; HAZARDS; HEALTH RISKS; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; LEAD; MANGANESE; METALS; NICKEL; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISKS; ZINC;

ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS; CANCER RISK; FOGGY AND NON-FOGGY EPISODES; HI; PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; TRACE METAL;

TRACE ELEMENTS;

CADMIUM; CALCIUM; CHROMIUM; COPPER; IRON; LEAD; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; NICKEL; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; TRACE METAL; VANADIUM; ZINC; AIR POLLUTANT; DUST; METAL; PARTICULATE MATTER;

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; CANCER; HEALTH IMPACT; HEALTH RISK; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; TRACE METAL; URBAN POPULATION;

ADULT; AIR ANALYSIS; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENICITY; CHILD; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EXHAUST GAS; FOG; GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; HEALTH HAZARD; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INDIA; INDO GANGETIC PLAIN; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTION AND POLLUTION RELATED PHENOMENA; POPULATION DENSITY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEASONAL VARIATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AIR POLLUTANT; ANALYSIS; CITY; INDUSTRY; NEOPLASMS; POLLUTION; PROCEDURES; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; WEATHER;

GANGETIC PLAIN; INDIA; KANPUR; UTTAR PRADESH;

ADULT; AIR POLLUTANTS; CHILD; CITIES; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION; HUMANS; INDIA; INDUSTRY; METALS; NEOPLASMS; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; WEATHER;

EID: 84954466023     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.037     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Abdullahi K.L., Delgado-Saborit J.M., Harrison R.M. Emissions and indoor concentrations of particulate matter and its specific chemical components from cooking: a review. Atmos. Environ. 2013, 71:260-294.
2. Agarwal S.K. Heavy metal pollution 2009, 1-89. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
3. Bari M.A., Kindzierski W.B., Wheeler A.J., Héroux M.È., Wallace L.A. Indoor and outdoor levels and sources of submicron particles (PM1) at homes in Edmonton, Canada. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49(11):6419-6429.
4. Behera D., Balamugesh T. Indoor air pollution as a risk factor for lung cancer in women. J. Assoc. Phys. India 2005, 53:190-192.
5. Bilos C., Colombo J.C., Skorupka C.N., RodriguezPresa M.J. Sources, distribution and variability of airborn trace metals in La Plata City area, Argentina. Environ. Pollut. 2001, 111:149-158.
6. Butt S., Hartmann I., Lenz V. Bioenergy potential and consumption in Pakistan. Biomass Bioenergy 2013, 58:379-389.
7. Canfield R.L., Henderson C.R., Cory-Slechta D.A., Cox C., Jusko T.A., Lanphear B.P. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10μg per deciliter. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003, 348:1517-1526.
8. Chakraborty A., Gupta T. Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron PM1 aerosol in Kanpur Region, India. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2010, 10:433-445.
9. Chinnam N., Dey S., Tripathi S.N., Sharma M. Dust events in Kanpur, northern India: Chemical evidence for source and implications to radiative forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L08803. 10.1029/2005GL025278.
10. Darain K.M., Rahamn A.B.M.S., Ahsan A., Ilsam A.B.M.S., Yusuf B. Brick manufacturing practice in Bangladesh: a review of energy efficiency and air pollution. J. Hydro Environ. Res. 2013, 1(1):60-69.
11. Das S., Raj R., Mangwani N., Dash H.R., Chakraborty J. Heavy metals and hydrocarbons: adverse effects and mechanism of toxicity. Microb. Biodegradat. Bioremed. 2014, 10.1016/ B978-0-12-800021-2.00002-9.
12. De Kok T.M.C.M., Direct H.A.L., Hogervorst J.G.F., Briede J.J. Toxicological assessment of ambient and traffic-related particulate matter: a review of recent studies. Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res. 2006, 613:103-122.
13. Dehong L., Fayuan W., Wenli Z., Yujian Y. Heavy metal pollution in street dusts from different functional zones of Luoyang City and its potential ecological risk. Environ. Sci. 2012, 33:253-259.
14. Demokritou P., Gupta T., Koutrakis P. Development and laboratory performance evaluation of a personal cascade impactor. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52:1230-1237.
15. Deshmukh D.K., Deb M.K., Mkoma S.L. Size distribution and seasonal variation of size-segregated particulate matter in the ambient air of Raipur City, India. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 2013, 6:259-276.
16. Devi J.J., Gupta T., Tripathi S.N., Ujinwal K.K. Assessment of personal exposure to inhalable indoor and outdoor particulate matter for residents of an academic campus (IIT Kanpur). Inhal. Toxicol. 2009, 21(14):1208-1222.
17. Dix-Cooper L., Eskenazi B., Romero C., Balmes J., Smith K.R. Neurodevelopmental performance among school age children in rural Guatemala is associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure to carbon monoxide, a marker for exposure to woodsmoke. Neurotoxicology 2011, 33:246-254.
18. Dutta A., Ray M.R., Banerjee A. Systemic inflammatory changes and increased oxidative stress in rural Indian women cooking with biomass fuels. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2012, 261:255-262.
19. Epstein M.B., Bates M.N., Arora N.K., Balakrishnan K., Jack D.W., Smith K.R. Household fuels, low birth weight and neonatal death in India, the separate impacts of biomass, kerosene and coal. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2013, 216(5):523-532.
20. Fang G.C., Chang C.N., Wu Y.S., Fu P.P.C., Yang D.G., Chu C.C. Characterization of chemical species in PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols in suburban and rural sites of central Taiwan. Sci. Total Environ. 1999, 234:203-212.
21. Forsberg B., Hansson H.C., Johansson C., Areskoug H., Persson K., Jarvholm B. Comparative health impact assessment of local and regional particulate air pollutants in Scandinavia. Ambio 2005, 34:11-19.
22. Fung Y.S., Wong W.Y. Apportionment of air pollution sources by receptor models in Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29:2041-2048.
23. Fung Y.S., Wong L.W.Y. Apportionment of air pollution sources by receptor models in Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29(16):2041-2048.
24. Ghosh S., Gupta T., Rastogi N., Gaur A., Misra A., Tripathi S.N., Paul D., Tare V., Prakash O., Bhattu D., Dwivedi A.K., D.S K., Dalai R., Mishra S.K. Chemical characterization of summertime dust events at Kanpur: insight into the sources and level of mixing with anthropogenic emissions. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2014, 14:879-891.
25. Gibb H.J., Lees P.S., Pinsky P.F., Rooney B.C. Lung cancer among workers in chromium chemical production. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2000, 38(2):115-126.
26. Gupta T., Mandariya A. Sources of submicron aerosol during fog dominated wintertime at Kanpur. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2013, 20:5615-5629.
27. Gupta T., Chakraborty A., Ujinwal K.K. Development and performance evaluation of an indigenously developed air sampler designed to collect submicron aerosol. Ann. Indian Natl. Acad. Eng. 2010, 7:189-193.
28. Gupta T., Demokritou P., Koutrakis P. Effects of physicochemical properties of ultrafine particles on the performance of an ultrafine particle concentrator. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2004, 38:37-45.
29. Gupta T., Jaiprakash, Dubey S. Field performance evaluation of a newly developed PM2.5 sampler at IIT Kanpur. Sci. Total Environ. 2011, 409:3500-3507.
30. Gupta T., Singh D.K. Organic Species Emitted as a Part of Combustion Residue: Fate and Transformation in the Ambient Air. Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability 2016, 1:10-18.
31. Hillring B., Trossero M. International wood-fuel trade: an overview. Energy Sustain. Dev. 2006, 1:33-41.
32. IARC IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes 2013, vol 105. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.
33. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) Complete List of Agents Evaluated and Their Classification 2009, International Agency for Research on Cancer, http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php.
34. Inhalation rate (IR) U.S. EPA (2001) Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites. 93554-24. Washington, D.C: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. For Parameters table only for Inhalation rate.
35. Kameda Y., Shirai J., Komai T., Nakanishi J., Masunaga S. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: size distribution, estimation of their risk and their depositions to the human respiratory tract. Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 340:71-80.
36. Kaul D.S., Gupta T., Tripathi S.N. Chemical and microphysical properties of the aerosol during foggy and nonfoggy episodes: a relationship between organic and inorganic content of the aerosol. Atmospher. Chemi. Phys. Discuss. 2012, 12:14483-14524.
37. Kaul D.S., Gupta T., Tripathi S.N., Tare V., Collett J.L. Secondary organic aerosol: a comparison between foggy and non-foggy days. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:7307-7313.
38. Khillare P.S., Sarkar S. Airborne inhalable metals in residential areas of Delhi, India: distribution, source apportionment and health risks. Atmospher. Pollut. Res. 2012, 3:46-54.
39. Kocak M., Nimmob M., Kubilaya, Herutc N.B. Spatio-temporal aerosol trace metal concentrations and sources in the Levantine Basin of the Eastern Mediterranean. Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38:2133-2144.
40. Kreyling W.G., Semmler-Behnke M., Moller W. Ultrafine particle-lung interactions: does size matter?. J. Aerosol Med. Deposit. Clearance Effects Lung 2006, 19:74-83.
41. 10 particles and seasonal variations in urban and rural environment of Agra, India. Sci. Total Environ 2009, 407:6196-6204.
42. Liao C.M., Chiang K.C. Probabilistic risk assessment for personal exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Taiwanese temples. Chemosphere 2006, 63:1610-1619.
43. Lin C.C., Chen S.I., Huang K.L., Hwang W.I., Chang-Chien G.P., Lin W.Y. Characteristics of metals in nano/ultrafine/fine/coarse particles collected beside a heavily trafficked road. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:8113-8122.
44. Loomis D., Grosse Y., Lauby-Secretan B., El Ghissassi F., Bouvard V., L.B.T., Guha N., Baan R., Mattock H., Straif K. The Carcinogenicity of Outdoor Air Pollution 2013, 10.1016/ S1470-2045(13)70487-X.
45. Maertens R.M., Bailey J., White P.A. The mutagenic hazards of settled house dust: a review. Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res. 2004, 567:401-425.
46. Mancuso T.F. Consideration of chromium as an industrial carcinogen. International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, October 27-31, 1975, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 1975, 343-356.
47. Mizohata A., Ito N., Kusuya Y. Characterization of the atmospheric particulate matter observed at the sites near the heavy traffic road in Tokyo. J. Jpn. Soc. Atmos. Environ. 2000, 35:77-102.
48. Nawrot T.S., Kuenzli N., Sunyer J., Shi T.M., Moreno T., Viana M., Heinrich J., Forsberg B., Kelly F.J., Sughis M., Nemery B., Borm P. Oxidative properties of ambient PM 2.5 and elemental composition: heterogeneous associations in 19 European cities. Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43:4595-4602.
49. NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Cincinnati 1997, http://www.cdc.gov/nios /npg/npgd0344.html, accessed in April 2014.
50. Okorie A., Entwistle J., Dean J.R. ) Estimation of daily intake of potentially toxic elements from urban street dust and the role of oral bio accessibility testing. Chemosphere 2012, 86:460-467.
51. Okuda T., Kato J., Mori J., Tenmoku M., Suda Y., Tanaka S., He K., Ma Y., Yang F., Yu X., Duan F., Lei Y. Daily concentrations of trace metals in aerosols in Beijing, China, determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry equipped with laser ablation analysis, and source identification of aerosols. Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 330:145-158.
52. 10), potentially toxic metals, PAHs and metal-bound carcinogenic risk in the population of Lucknow City. India J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A. 2013, 48:730-745.
53. Park K., Heo Y., Putra H.E. Ultrafine metal concentration in atmospheric aerosols in urban Gwangju, Korea. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2008, 8:411-422.
54. Rastoga M., Caggiano R., D'Emilioa M., Macchiatoc M. Source origin and parameters influencing levels of heavy metals in TSP, in an industrial background area of Southern Italy. Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36:3071-3087.
55. Saeedi M., Li L.Y., Salmanzadeh M. Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: pollution and ecological risk assessment in street dust of Tehran. J. Hazardous Mater. 2012, 9:227-228.
56. See S.W., Balasubramanian R. Risk assessment of exposure to indoor aerosols associated with Chinese cooking. Environ. Res. 2006, 102:19-204.
57. Shen Z., Cao J., Tong Z., Liu S., Reddy L.S.S., Han Y., Zhang T., Zhou J. Chemical characteristics of submicron particles in winter in Xi'an. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2009, 9:80-93.
58. 1 sampler. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2014, 21:4551-4564.
59. Singh D.K., Sharma S., Habib G., Gupta T. Speciation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present during fog time collected submicron particles. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2015, 10.1007/s11356-015-4413-y.
60. Singh D.K., Gupta T. Effect through inhalation on human health of PM1 bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from foggy days in northern part of India. J. Hazard. Mater. 2015, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.049.
61. Singh D.K., Gupta T. Role of transition metals with water soluble organic carbon in the formation of secondary organic aerosol and metallo-organics in PM1 sampled during post monsoon and pre-winter time. J. Aerosol. Sci. 2016, 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.01.002.
62. Smith K.R., Mehta S., Maeusezahl-Feuz M. Indoor smoke from household fuels. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks, Global and Region Burden of Disease Due to Selected Major Risk Factors 2004, World Health Organization. M. Ezzati, A.D. Rodgers, A.D. Lopez, C.J.L. Murray (Eds.).
63. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual EPA/540/1-86 1986.
64. US EPA Accessed 20 Dec 2012. http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human.
65. U.S.EPA (U.S.Environmental Protection Agency) National Ambient Air Quality Standard, The 1978 lead standard (1.5μg/m3 as a quarterly average) 2008, http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html, accessed in April 2014.
66. US EPA Risk assessment guidance for superfund: volume III - part A, process for conducting probabilistic risk assessment. EPA 540-R-02-002 2001, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
67. U.S.EPA (U.S.Environmental Protection Agency) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Cadmium. National Center for Environmental Assessment 1999, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
68. U.S.EPA (U.S.Environmental Protection Agency) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Chromium VI. National Center for Environmental Assessment 1999, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
69. U.S.EPA (U.S.Environmental Protection Agency) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Nickel Refinery Dust. National Center for Environmental Assessment 1999, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
70. US EPA (United States environmental protection agency). reference dose (RfD): description and use in health risk assessments. Background document 1A. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) 1993.
71. USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). Risk assessment guidance for superfund, vol. I, human health evaluation manual. Part B. Development of risk-based preliminary remediation goals (interim), PB92-963333. Publication 9285.7-01B. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response 1991, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
72. US-EPA, SPECIATE, Version 3.2. http://www.inchem.org/.
73. United States Department of Energy (US DOE) Guidance for conducting risk assessments and related risk activities for the DOE-ORO. Environmental Management Program. BJC/OR-271 1999.
74. Von Schneidemesser E., Stone E.A., Quraishi T.A., Shafer M.M., Schauer J.J. Toxic metals in the atmosphere in Lahore, Pakistan. Sci. Total Environ. 2010, 408:1640-1648.
75. WHO Air quality guidelines for Europe. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 91 2000, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark.
76. WHO World Health Organization. An overview of the evidence on environmental and occupational determinants of cancer. International Conference on Environmental and Occupational Determinants of Cancer, Interventions for Primary Prevention. Austuriasss, Spain 2011.