메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 294-304

Physical and Chemical Characterization of Real-World Particle Number and Mass Emissions from City Buses in Finland

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUS TERMINALS; CARBON; COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS; ETHANOL; FUELS; NITROGEN OXIDES; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; TRANSPORTATION;

EID: 84953432299     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04105     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (56)
  • 2
    • 78049231391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the characteristics of nanoparticles in the urban atmosphere and the prospects for developing regulatory controls
    • Kumar, P.; Robins, A.; Vardoulakis, S.; Britter, R. A review of the characteristics of nanoparticles in the urban atmosphere and the prospects for developing regulatory controls Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44, 5035-5052 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.016
    • (2010) Atmos. Environ. , vol.44 , pp. 5035-5052
    • Kumar, P.1    Robins, A.2    Vardoulakis, S.3    Britter, R.4
  • 3
    • 33847737437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial & temporal variations of PM10 and particle number concentrations in urban air
    • Johansson, C.; Norman, M.; Gidhagen, L. Spatial & temporal variations of PM10 and particle number concentrations in urban air Environ. Monit. Assess. 2007, 127, 477-487 10.1007/s10661-006-9296-4
    • (2007) Environ. Monit. Assess. , vol.127 , pp. 477-487
    • Johansson, C.1    Norman, M.2    Gidhagen, L.3
  • 5
    • 33745440031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect
    • Pope, C. A., III; Dockery, D. W. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2006, 56, 707-742 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485
    • (2006) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.56 , pp. 707-742
    • Pope, C.A.1    Dockery, D.W.2
  • 6
    • 23844454507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure assessment for atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFPs) and implications in epidemiologic research
    • Sioutas, C.; Delfino, R. J.; Singh, M. Exposure assessment for atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFPs) and implications in epidemiologic research Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113 (8) 947-955 10.1289/ehp.7939
    • (2005) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.113 , Issue.8 , pp. 947-955
    • Sioutas, C.1    Delfino, R.J.2    Singh, M.3
  • 7
    • 33947498393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution with stroke mortality in an area of low air pollution levels
    • Kettunen, J.; Lanki, T.; Tiittanen, P.; Aalto, P. P.; Koskentalo, T.; Kulmala, M.; Salomaa, V.; Pekkanen, J. Associations of fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution with stroke mortality in an area of low air pollution levels Stroke 2007, 38, 918-922 10.1161/01.STR.0000257999.49706.3b
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 918-922
    • Kettunen, J.1    Lanki, T.2    Tiittanen, P.3    Aalto, P.P.4    Koskentalo, T.5    Kulmala, M.6    Salomaa, V.7    Pekkanen, J.8
  • 8
    • 40949086070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Potential of Soot Particles of Low-Emission Diesel Engines
    • Su, D. S.; Serafino, A.; Müller, J.-O.; Jentoft, R. E.; Schlögl, R.; Fiorito, S. Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Potential of Soot Particles of Low-Emission Diesel Engines Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 1761-1765 10.1021/es0716554
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 1761-1765
    • Su, D.S.1    Serafino, A.2    Müller, J.-O.3    Jentoft, R.E.4    Schlögl, R.5    Fiorito, S.6
  • 9
    • 67649601271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-distribution dependent lung deposition of diesel exhaust particles
    • Alföldy, B.; Gieschaskiel, B.; Hofmann, W.; Drossinos, Y. Size-distribution dependent lung deposition of diesel exhaust particles J. Aerosol Sci. 2009, 40, 652-663 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.04.009
    • (2009) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 652-663
    • Alföldy, B.1    Gieschaskiel, B.2    Hofmann, W.3    Drossinos, Y.4
  • 10
    • 0032101028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engines and nanoparticles: A review
    • Kittelson, D. B. Engines and nanoparticles: A review J. Aerosol Sci. 1998, 29, 575-588 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10037-4
    • (1998) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 575-588
    • Kittelson, D.B.1
  • 12
    • 55349141068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diesel nucleation mode particles: Semivolatile or solid?
    • Filippo, A.; Maricq, M. Diesel nucleation mode particles: Semivolatile or solid? Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 7957-7962 10.1021/es8010332
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 7957-7962
    • Filippo, A.1    Maricq, M.2
  • 15
    • 34548730737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleation mode particles with a non-volatile core in the exhaust of a heavy duty diesel vehicle
    • Rönkkö, T.; Virtanen, A.; Kannosto, J.; Keskinen, J.; Lappi, M.; Pirjola, L. Nucleation mode particles with a non-volatile core in the exhaust of a heavy duty diesel vehicle Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 6384-6389 10.1021/es0705339
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 6384-6389
    • Rönkkö, T.1    Virtanen, A.2    Kannosto, J.3    Keskinen, J.4    Lappi, M.5    Pirjola, L.6
  • 16
    • 4544243690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleation mode formation in heady-duty diesel exhaust with and without a particulate filter
    • Vaaraslahti, K.; Virtanen, A.; Ristimäki, J.; Keskinen, J. Nucleation mode formation in heady-duty diesel exhaust with and without a particulate filter Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 4884-4890 10.1021/es0353255
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 4884-4890
    • Vaaraslahti, K.1    Virtanen, A.2    Ristimäki, J.3    Keskinen, J.4
  • 18
    • 0037079594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of the catalytic converter and fuel sulphur level on motor vehicle particulate matter emissions: Light duty diesel vehicles
    • Maricq, M.; Chase, R.; Xu, N.; Laing, P. The effects of the catalytic converter and fuel sulphur level on motor vehicle particulate matter emissions: Light duty diesel vehicles Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 283-289 10.1021/es010962l
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 283-289
    • Maricq, M.1    Chase, R.2    Xu, N.3    Laing, P.4
  • 19
    • 0036882666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafine PM emissions from natural gas, oxidation-catalyst diesel, and particle-trap diesel heavy-duty transit buses
    • Holmén, B.; Ayala, A. Ultrafine PM emissions from natural gas, oxidation-catalyst diesel, and particle-trap diesel heavy-duty transit buses Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 5041-5050 10.1021/es015884g
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 5041-5050
    • Holmén, B.1    Ayala, A.2
  • 21
    • 33749249915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First gaseous sulfuric acid measurements in automobile exhaust: Implications for volatile nanoparticle formation
    • Arnold, F.; Pirjola, L.; Aufmhoff, H.; Schuck, T.; Lähde, T.; Hämeri, K. First gaseous sulfuric acid measurements in automobile exhaust: Implications for volatile nanoparticle formation Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40, 7097-7105 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.038
    • (2006) Atmos. Environ. , vol.40 , pp. 7097-7105
    • Arnold, F.1    Pirjola, L.2    Aufmhoff, H.3    Schuck, T.4    Lähde, T.5    Hämeri, K.6
  • 22
    • 84867903865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First on-line measurements of sulfuric acid gas in modern heavy duty diesel engine exhaust: Implications for nanoparticle formation
    • Arnold, F.; Pirjola, L.; Rönkkö, T.; Reichl, U.; Schlager, H.; Lähde, T.; Heikkilä, J.; Keskinen, J. First on-line measurements of sulfuric acid gas in modern heavy duty diesel engine exhaust: Implications for nanoparticle formation Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11227-11234 10.1021/es302432s
    • (2012) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.46 , pp. 11227-11234
    • Arnold, F.1    Pirjola, L.2    Rönkkö, T.3    Reichl, U.4    Schlager, H.5    Lähde, T.6    Heikkilä, J.7    Keskinen, J.8
  • 23
    • 0033233056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of ultrafine particle formation during diesel exhaust dilution
    • Shi, J.; Harrison, R. Investigation of ultrafine particle formation during diesel exhaust dilution Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 3730-3736 10.1021/es981187l
    • (1999) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.33 , pp. 3730-3736
    • Shi, J.1    Harrison, R.2
  • 24
    • 23844554487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleation particles in diesel exhaust: Composition inferred from in situ mass spectrometer analysis
    • Schneider, J.; Hock, N.; Weimer, S.; Borrmann, S.; Kirchner, U.; Vogt, R.; Scheer, V. Nucleation particles in diesel exhaust: Composition inferred from in situ mass spectrometer analysis Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 6153-6161 10.1021/es049427m
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 6153-6161
    • Schneider, J.1    Hock, N.2    Weimer, S.3    Borrmann, S.4    Kirchner, U.5    Vogt, R.6    Scheer, V.7
  • 25
    • 85072431063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle size distribution from heady-duty diesel engine: Steady-state and transient emission measurement using two dilution systems and two fuels
    • Khalek, I. A.; Spears, M.; Charmley, W. Particle size distribution from heady-duty diesel engine: Steady-state and transient emission measurement using two dilution systems and two fuels SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. 2003, 2003-0285 10.4271/2003-01-0285
    • (2003) SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. , pp. 2003-0285
    • Khalek, I.A.1    Spears, M.2    Charmley, W.3
  • 26
    • 0342871956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emissions comparisons from alternative fuel buses and diesel buses with a chassis dynamometer testing facility
    • Wang, W. G.; Clark, N. N.; Lyons, D. W.; Yang, R. M.; Gautam, M.; Bata, R. M.; Loth, J. L. Emissions comparisons from alternative fuel buses and diesel buses with a chassis dynamometer testing facility Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 3132-3137 10.1021/es9701063
    • (1997) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.31 , pp. 3132-3137
    • Wang, W.G.1    Clark, N.N.2    Lyons, D.W.3    Yang, R.M.4    Gautam, M.5    Bata, R.M.6    Loth, J.L.7
  • 27
    • 26044480637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emissions of toxic pollutants from compressed natural gas and low sulfur diesel-fueled heady-duty transit buses tested over multiple driving cycles
    • Kado, N. Y.; Okamoto, R. A.; Kuzmicky, A.; Kobayashi, R.; Ayala, A.; Gebel, M. E.; Rieger, P. L.; Maddox, D.; Zafonte, L. Emissions of toxic pollutants from compressed natural gas and low sulfur diesel-fueled heady-duty transit buses tested over multiple driving cycles Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 7638-7649 10.1021/es0491127
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 7638-7649
    • Kado, N.Y.1    Okamoto, R.A.2    Kuzmicky, A.3    Kobayashi, R.4    Ayala, A.5    Gebel, M.E.6    Rieger, P.L.7    Maddox, D.8    Zafonte, L.9
  • 28
    • 50849097852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of emissions from behicles fueled with diesel or compressed natural gas
    • Hesterberg, T. W.; Lapin, C. A.; Bunn, W. B. A comparison of emissions from behicles fueled with diesel or compressed natural gas Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 6437-6445 10.1021/es071718i
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 6437-6445
    • Hesterberg, T.W.1    Lapin, C.A.2    Bunn, W.B.3
  • 29
    • 84886605033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of natural gas fuel composition on criteria, toxic, and particle emissions from transit buses equipped with lean burn and stoichiometric engines
    • Hajbabaei, M.; Karavalakis, G.; Johnson, K. C.; Lee, L.; Durbin, T. D. Impact of natural gas fuel composition on criteria, toxic, and particle emissions from transit buses equipped with lean burn and stoichiometric engines Energy 2013, 62, 425-434 10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.040
    • (2013) Energy , vol.62 , pp. 425-434
    • Hajbabaei, M.1    Karavalakis, G.2    Johnson, K.C.3    Lee, L.4    Durbin, T.D.5
  • 30
    • 33749623074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field compaign
    • Zavala, M.; Herndon, S. C.; Slott, R. S.; Dunlea, E. J.; Marr, L. C.; Shorter, J. H.; Zahniser, M.; Knighton, W. B.; Rogers, T. M.; Kolb, C. E.; Molina, L. T.; Molina, M. J. Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field compaign Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2006, 6, 5129-5142 10.5194/acp-6-5129-2006
    • (2006) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 5129-5142
    • Zavala, M.1    Herndon, S.C.2    Slott, R.S.3    Dunlea, E.J.4    Marr, L.C.5    Shorter, J.H.6    Zahniser, M.7    Knighton, W.B.8    Rogers, T.M.9    Kolb, C.E.10    Molina, L.T.11    Molina, M.J.12
  • 31
    • 50849104839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative investigation of ultrafine particle number and mass emissions from a fleet of on-road diesel and CNG buses
    • Jayaratne, E. R.; He, C.; Ristovski, Z. D.; Morawska, L.; Johnson, G. R. A comparative investigation of ultrafine particle number and mass emissions from a fleet of on-road diesel and CNG buses Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 6736-6742 10.1021/es800394x
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 6736-6742
    • Jayaratne, E.R.1    He, C.2    Ristovski, Z.D.3    Morawska, L.4    Johnson, G.R.5
  • 32
    • 77952496618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical analysis of high particle number emissions from accelerating compressed natural gas buses
    • Jayaratne, E. R.; Meyer, N. K.; Ristovski, Z. D.; Morawska, L.; Miljevic, B. Critical analysis of high particle number emissions from accelerating compressed natural gas buses Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 3724-3731 10.1021/es1003186
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 3724-3731
    • Jayaratne, E.R.1    Meyer, N.K.2    Ristovski, Z.D.3    Morawska, L.4    Miljevic, B.5
  • 34
    • 84896881324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing transit bus emissions: Alternative fuels or traffic operations
    • Alam, A.; Hatzopoulou, M. Reducing transit bus emissions: Alternative fuels or traffic operations Atmos. Environ. 2014, 89, 129-139 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.043
    • (2014) Atmos. Environ. , vol.89 , pp. 129-139
    • Alam, A.1    Hatzopoulou, M.2
  • 35
    • 48749114883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of particle number emissions from diesel and hybrid diesel-electric buses in real driving conditions
    • Sonntag, D. B.; Gao, H. O.; Holmen, B. A. Variability of particle number emissions from diesel and hybrid diesel-electric buses in real driving conditions Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 5637-5643 10.1021/es702359x
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 5637-5643
    • Sonntag, D.B.1    Gao, H.O.2    Holmen, B.A.3
  • 36
    • 61449125814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle and gaseous emissions from compressed natural gas and ultralow Sulphur diesel-fuelled buses at four steady engine loads
    • Jayaratne, E. R.; Ristovski, Z. D.; Meyer, N. K.; Morawska, L. Particle and gaseous emissions from compressed natural gas and ultralow Sulphur diesel-fuelled buses at four steady engine loads Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407, 2845-2852 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.001
    • (2009) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.407 , pp. 2845-2852
    • Jayaratne, E.R.1    Ristovski, Z.D.2    Meyer, N.K.3    Morawska, L.4
  • 37
    • 84907732565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-road measurement of regulated pollutants from diesel and CNG buses with urea selective catalytic reduction systems
    • Guo, J.; Ge, Y.; Hao, L.; Tan, J.; Li, J.; Feng, X. On-road measurement of regulated pollutants from diesel and CNG buses with urea selective catalytic reduction systems Atmos. Environ. 2014, 99, 1-9 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.032
    • (2014) Atmos. Environ. , vol.99 , pp. 1-9
    • Guo, J.1    Ge, Y.2    Hao, L.3    Tan, J.4    Li, J.5    Feng, X.6
  • 41
  • 42
    • 85072429933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A New Electrical Mobility Particle Size Spectrometer for Engine Exhaust Particle Measurements
    • Johnson, T.; Caldow, R.; Pocher, A.; Mirme, A.; Kittelson, D. A New Electrical Mobility Particle Size Spectrometer for Engine Exhaust Particle Measurements SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. 2004, 2004-1341 10.4271/2004-01-1341
    • (2004) SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. , pp. 2004-1341
    • Johnson, T.1    Caldow, R.2    Pocher, A.3    Mirme, A.4    Kittelson, D.5
  • 43
    • 0026871405 scopus 로고
    • Electrical low pressure impactor
    • Keskinen, J.; Pietarinen, K.; Lehtimäki, M. Electrical low pressure impactor J. Aerosol Sci. 1992, 23 (4) 353-360 10.1016/0021-8502(92)90004-F
    • (1992) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-360
    • Keskinen, J.1    Pietarinen, K.2    Lehtimäki, M.3
  • 53
    • 84954505106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Well-to-wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context
    • July 2013
    • Huss, A.; Maas, H.; Hass, H. Well-to-wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context. Tank-To-Wheels (TTW) Report Version 4.0, July 2013. http://iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/about-jec.
    • Tank-To-Wheels (TTW) Report Version 4.0
    • Huss, A.1    Maas, H.2    Hass, H.3
  • 54
    • 84860386993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The International Council on Clean Transportation (accessed June 15, 2010
    • Posada, F. CNG bus emissions roadmap: from Euro III to Euro VI. The International Council on Clean Transportation, 2009. www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/CNGbuses-dec09.pdf (accessed June 15, 2010.
    • (2009) CNG Bus Emissions Roadmap: From Euro III to Euro VI
    • Posada, F.1
  • 55
    • 84891916975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of bus emissions generated near bus stops
    • Yu, Q.; Li, T. Evaluation of bus emissions generated near bus stops Atmos. Environ. 2014, 85, 195-203 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.020
    • (2014) Atmos. Environ. , vol.85 , pp. 195-203
    • Yu, Q.1    Li, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.