Socio-economic and Climate Factors Associated with Dengue Fever Spatial Heterogeneity: A Worked Example in New Caledonia

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Volumn 9, Issue 12, 2015, Pages

  Teurlai, Magali ^a,b,c   Menkès, Christophe Eugène ^c   Cavarero, Virgil ^d   Degallier, Nicolas ^e   Descloux, Elodie ^f   Grangeon, Jean Paul ^g   Guillaumot, Laurent ^a   Libourel, Thérèse ^b   Lucio, Paulo Sergio ^h   Mathieu Daudé, Françoise ^c   Mangeas, Morgan ^b  

^a Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle Caledonie Noumea   (New Caledonia)

^b IRD   (France)

^c INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT   (New Caledonia)

^d Territorial Hospital Centre ^*  (New Caledonia)

^e UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE   (France)

^f Centre Hospitalier Territorial   (New Caledonia)

^g Direction of Health and Social Affairs of New Caledonia   (New Caledonia)

^h FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLIMATE CHANGE; DENGUE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; PARASITE INCIDENCE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEASONAL VARIATION; SOCIOECONOMICS; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; UNEMPLOYMENT; AEDES; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CLIMATE; ENVIRONMENT; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; INCIDENCE; INSECT VECTOR; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NEW CALEDONIA; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE; VIROLOGY;

RAIN;

AEDES; ANIMALS; CLIMATE; CLIMATE CHANGE; DENGUE; ENVIRONMENT; EPIDEMICS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INSECT VECTORS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NEW CALEDONIA; RAIN; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 84953288017     PISSN: 19352727     EISSN: 19352735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004211     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. WHODengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Control. [Internet]. Geneva: TDR: World Health Organization; 2009. Available: http://site.ebrary.com/id/10363988
2. Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, et al. The Global Distribution and Burden of Dengue. Nature. 2013;496: 504–507. doi: 10.1038/nature12060 23563266
3. Gubler DJ, Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11: 480–496. 9665979
4. Guzman MG, Halstead SB, Artsob H, Buchy P, Farrar J, Gubler DJ, et al. Dengue: a Continuing Global Threat. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010;8: S7–S16. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2460 21079655
5. Kyle JL, Harris E, Global Spread and Persistence of Dengue. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2008;62: 71–92. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.163005 18429680
6. Monath TP, Dengue: the Risk to Developed and Developing Countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1994;91: 2395–2400. 8146129
7. Focks DA, Haile DG, Daniels E, Mount GA, Dynamic Life Table Model for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Analysis of the Literature and Model Development. J Med Entomol. 1993;30(6): 1003–1017. 8271242
8. Focks DA, Daniels E, Haile DG, Keesling JE, A Simulation Model of the Epidemiology of Urban Dengue Fever: Literature Analysis, Model Development, Preliminary Validation, and Samples of Simulation Results. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;53 (5): 489–506. 7485707
9. Morin CW, Comrie AC, Ernst K, Climate and Dengue Transmission: Evidence and Implications. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121: 1264–1272. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1306556 24058050
10. Hales S, De Wet N, Maindonald J, Woodward A, Potential Effect of Population and Climate Changes on Global Distribution of Dengue Fever: an Empirical Model. The Lancet. 2002;360: 830–834.
11. Jetten TH, Focks DA, Potential Changes in the Distribution of Dengue Transmission under Climate Warming. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997;57 (3): 285–297. 9311638
12. Degallier N, Favier C, Menkes CE, Lengaigne M, Ramalho WM, Souza R, et al. Toward an Early Warning System for Dengue Prevention: Modeling Climate Impact on Dengue Transmission. Clim Change. 2010;98: 581–592.
13. Hopp MJ, Foley JA, Worldwide Fluctuations in Dengue Fever Cases Related to Climate Variability. Clim Res. 2003;25: 85–94.
14. McMichael AJ, Woodruff RE, Hales S, Climate Change and Human Health: Present and Future Risks. The Lancet. 2006;367: 859–869. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68079-3
15. Githeko AK, Lindsay SW, Confalonieri UE, Patz JA, Climate Change and Vector-borne Diseases: a Regional Analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78: 1136–1147. 11019462
16. Naish S, Dale P, Mackenzie JS, McBride J, Mengersen K, Tong S, Climate Change and Dengue: a Critical and Systematic Review of Quantitative Modelling Approaches. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14: 167. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-167 24669859
17. Patz JA, Martens WJ, Focks DA, Jetten TH, Dengue Fever Epidemic Potential as Projected by General Circulation Models of Global Climate Change. Environ Health Perspect. 1998;106: 147–153. 9452414
18. Reiter P, Climate Change and Mosquito-borne Disease. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109: 141–161. 11250812
19. Aziz S, Ngui R, Lim Y a. L, Sholehah I, Nur Farhana J, Azizan AS, et al. Spatial Pattern of 2009 Dengue Distribution in Kuala Lumpur Using GIS Application. Trop Biomed. 2012;29: 113–120. 22543611
20. Costa JV, Donalisio MR, Silveira LV de A, Spatial Distribution of Dengue Incidence and Socio-environmental Conditions in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2007. Cad Saúde Pública. 2013;29: 1522–1532. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00110912 24005918
21. Bohra A, Andrianasolo H. Application of GIS in Modeling Dengue Risk Based on Sociocultural Data: Case of Jalore, Rajasthan, India. 2001; Available: http://repository.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/15847
22. Estallo EL, Más G, Vergara-Cid C, Lanfri MA, Ludueña-Almeida F, Scavuzzo CM, Noor AM, et al. Spatial Patterns of High Aedes aegypti Oviposition Activity in Northwestern Argentina. PLoS ONE. 2013;8: e54167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054167 23349813
23. Honório NA, Nogueira RMR, Codeço CT, Carvalho MS, Cruz OG, de Avelar Figueiredo Mafra Magalhães M, Gubler D, et al. Spatial Evaluation and Modeling of Dengue Seroprevalence and Vector Density in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3: e545. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000545 19901983
24. Khormi HM, Kumar L, Elzahrany RA, Modeling Spatio-temporal Risk Changes in the Incidence of Dengue Fever in Saudi Arabia: a Geographical Information System Case Study. Geospatial Health. 2011;6: 77–84. 22109865
25. Nakhapakorn K, Tripathi NK, An Information Value Based Analysis of Physical and Climatic Factors Affecting Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Incidence. Int J Health Geogr. 2005;4: 13. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-4-13 15943863
26. Penna F, Lucia M. Ecological Study of Rio de Janeiro City DEN-3 Epidemic, 2001–2002. 2004; Available: http://repository.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/15955
27. Reiter P, Lathrop S, Bunning M, Biggerstaff BJ, Singer D, Tiwari T, et al. Texas Lifestyle Limits Transmission of Dengue Virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9: 86–89. 12533286
28. Sarfraz MS, Tripathi NK, Tipdecho T, Thongbu T, Kerdthong P, Souris M, Analyzing the Spatio-temporal Relationship between Dengue Vector Larval Density and Land-use Using Factor Analysis and Spatial Ring Mapping. BMC Public Health. 2012;12: 853. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-853 23043443
29. Seidahmed OME, Hassan SA, Soghaier MA, Siam HAM, Ahmed FTA, Elkarsany MM, Kading RC, et al. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Dengue Transmission along a Red Sea Coastline: A Longitudinal Entomological and Serological Survey in Port Sudan City. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6: e1821. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001821 23029582
30. Spiegel JM, Bonet M, Ibarra A- M, Pagliccia N, Ouellette V, Yassi A, Social and Environmental Determinants of Aedes aegypti Infestation in Central Havana: Results of a Case-control Study Nested in an Integrated Dengue Surveillance Programme in Cuba: Social and Environmental Determinants of Aedes aegypti Infestation. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12: 503–510. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01818.x 17445141
31. Stoddard ST, Forshey BM, Morrison AC, Paz-Soldan VA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Astete H, et al. House-to-house Human Movement Drives Dengue Virus Transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110: 994–999. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1213349110 23277539
32. Thammapalo S, Chongsuwiwatwong V, Geater A, Lim A, Choomalee K, Socio-demographic and Environmental Factors Associated with Aedes Breeding Places in Phuket, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005;36: 426–433. 15916050
33. Liebman KA, Stoddard ST, Morrison AC, Rocha C, Minnick S, Sihuincha M, Kent Crockett RJ, et al. Spatial Dimensions of Dengue Virus Transmission across Interepidemic and Epidemic Periods in Iquitos, Peru (1999–2003). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6: e1472. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001472 22363822
34. Salje H, Lessler J, Endy TP, Curriero FC, Gibbons RV, Nisalak A, et al. Revealing the Microscale Spatial Signature of Dengue Transmission and Immunity in an Urban Population. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012;109: 9535–9538. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1120621109 22645364
35. Cummings DAT, Irizarry RA, Huang NE, Endy TP, Nisalak A, Ungchusak K, et al. Travelling Waves in the Occurrence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in Thailand. Nature. 2004;427: 344–347. 14737166
36. Teurlai M, Huy R, Cazelles B, Duboz R, Baehr C, Vong S, Can Human Movements Explain Heterogeneous Propagation of Dengue Fever in Cambodia? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6: e1957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001957 23236536
37. Cuong HQ, Vu NT, Cazelles B, Boni MF, Thai KTD, Rabaa MA, et al. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Dengue Epidemics, Southern Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19: 945–953. doi: 10.3201/eid1906.121323 23735713
38. Hu W, Clements A, Williams G, Tong S, Mengersen K, Spatial Patterns and Socioecological Drivers of Dengue Fever Transmission in Queensland, Australia. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;120: 260–266. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1003270 22015625
39. Lowe R, Bailey TC, Stephenson DB, Graham RJ, Coelho CAS, Sá Carvalho M, et al. Spatio-temporal Modelling of Climate-sensitive Disease Risk: Towards an Early Warning System for Dengue in Brazil. Comput Geosci. 2011;37: 371–381. doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.01.008
40. Wu P-C, Lay J-G, Guo H-R, Lin C-Y, Lung S-C, Su H-J, Higher Temperature and Urbanization Affect the Spatial Patterns of Dengue Fever Transmission in Subtropical Taiwan. Sci Total Environ. 2009;407: 2224–2233. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.034 19157509
41. Carbajo AE, Cardo MV, Vezzani D, Is Temperature the Main Cause of Dengue Rise in Non-endemic Countries? The Case of Argentina. Int J Health Geogr. 2012;11: 26. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-11-26 22768874
42. Tipayamongkholgul M, Lisakulruk S, Socio-geographical Factors in Vulnerability to Dengue in Thai Villages: a Spatial Regression Analysis. Geospatial Health. 2011;5: 191–198. 21590669
43. Descloux E, Mangeas M, Menkes CE, Lengaigne M, Leroy A, Tehei T, et al. Climate-Based Models for Understanding and Forecasting Dengue Epidemics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6: e1470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001470 22348154
44. R Core TeamR: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. [Internet]. 2014. Available: http://www.R-project.org/
45. Météo France. Formulaire de demande de données [Internet]. 2014 [cited 21 Jul 2014]. Available: http://www.meteo.nc/donnees-publiques-enseignement
46. Li D, Liu W, Guigon A, Mostyn C, Grant R, Aaskov J, Rapid Displacement of Dengue Virus Type 1 by Type 4, Pacific Region, 2007–2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16: 123–125. doi: 10.3201/eid1601.091275 20031057
47. Bouldouyre MA, Baumann F, Berlioz-Arthaud A, Chungue E, Lacassin F, Factors of Severity at Admission During an Epidemic of Dengue 1 in New Caledonia (South Pacific) in 2003. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38: 675–681. doi: 10.1080/00365540600606432 16857614
48. A-Nuegoonpipat A, Berlioz-Arthaud A, Chow V, Endy T, Lowry K, Mai LQ, et al. Sustained Transmission of Dengue Virus Type 1 in the Pacific Due to Repeated Introductions of Different Asian Strains. Virology. 2004;329: 505–512. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.08.029 15518827
49. Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age Standardisation of Rates: a New WHO Standard. World Health Organization; 2001 p. 14. Report No.: 31.
50. Institut de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (ISEE)Recensement de la Population—1989. Institut de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques; 1989.
51. Institut de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (ISEE)Recensement de la Population—1996. Institut de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques; 1996.
52. Institut de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (ISEE)Recensement de la Population—2004. Institut de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques; 2004.
53. Institut de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (ISEE). Recensement de la Population—2009 [Internet]. 2009 [cited 21 Nov 2011]. Available: http://www.isee.nc/population/population.html
54. IPNCRapport Technique—Année 1996. Nouméa: Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie; 1996.
55. IPNCRapport Technique—Année 1999. Nouméa: Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie; 1999.
56. IPNCRapport Technique—Année 2003 [Internet]. Nouméa: Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie; 2003 p. 154. Available: www.institutpasteur.nc/rapports-dactivites/
57. Leroy A, Prévisibilité des Epidémies de Dengue par Arpège à Echéance Saisonnière—Prévisibilité des Fréquences d’Occurrence de Jours Chauds et Jours Pluvieux. Météo France; 2011 Dec p. 27.
58. Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A, Very High Resolution Interpolated Climate Surfaces for Global Land Areas. Int J Climatol. 2005;25: 1965–1978. doi: 10.1002/joc.1276
59. Taylor KE, Stouffer RJ, Meehl GA, An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design. Bull Am Meteorol Soc. 2012;93: 485–498. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1
60. Anonymous. Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison [Internet]. [cited 25 Jul 2014]. Available: http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/
61. Bellenger H, Guilyardi E, Leloup J, Lengaigne M, Vialard J, ENSO Representation in Climate Models: from CMIP3 to CMIP5. Clim Dyn. 2014;42: 1999–2018. doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1783-z
62. Cavarero V, Peltier A, Aubail X, Leroy A, Dubuisson B, Jourdain S, et al. Les Evolutions Passées et Futures du Climat de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. La Météorologie. 2012;77: 13–21.
63. Bonvallot J, Gay J-C, Habert E, Atlas de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Marseille: IRD Orstom; 2013.
64. Bivand RS, Pebesma E, Gómez-Rubio V, Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R. 2nd ed. Springer New York; 2013.
65. Escoffier B, Pagès J, Analyses Factorielles Simples et Multiples. Objectifs, Méthodes et Interprétation. 4th ed. Paris: Dunod; 2008.
66. Dormann CF, Elith J, Bacher S, Buchmann C, Carl G, Carré G, et al. Collinearity: a Review of Methods to Deal with It and a Simulation Study Evaluating their Performance. Ecography. 2013;36: 27–46. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x
67. Scherrer B, Biostatistique : Volume 1. 2e édition. Montréal: Gaëtan Morin; 2008.
68. Vapnik V, Statistical Learning Theory. New York: Wiley; 1998.
69. Cortes C, Vapnik V, Support-vector Networks. Mach Learn. 1995;20: 273–297.
70. Ben-Hur A, Weston J, Carugo O, Eisenhaber F, A User’s Guide to Support Vector Machines. In: Data Mining Techniques for the Life Sciences. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2010.
71. Kohavi R, A Study of Cross-validation and Bootstrap for Accuracy Estimation and Model Selection. IJCAI. 1995. pp. 1137–1145.
72. Teurlai M, Modélisation Multi-échelle de la Dynamique Spatiale de la Dengue : Application à la Nouvelle-Calédonie et à la Région Pacifique. Université Montpellier II. 2014.
73. Couret J, Dotson E, Benedict MQ, Temperature, Larval Diet, and Density Effects on Development Rate and Survival of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). PLoS ONE. 2014;9: e87468. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087468 24498328
74. Focks DA, Brenner RJ, Hayes J, Daniels E, Transmission Thresholds for Dengue in Terms of Aedes aegypti Pupae per Person with Discussion of Their Utility in Source Reduction Efforts. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62: 11–18. 10761719
75. Mohammed A, Chadee DD, Effects of Different Temperature Regimens on the Development of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes. Acta Trop. 2011;119: 38–43. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.04.004 21549680
76. Dégallier N, Marcondes CB, Capacidade Vetorial : Importancia na Modelagem da Transmissao de Dengue. In: Entomologia Medica e Veterinaria : segunda ediçao. Sao Paulo: Atheneu; 2011. pp. 37–44.
77. Watts DM, Burke DS, Harrison BA, Whitmire RE, Nisalak A, Effect of Temperature on the Vector Efficiency of Aedes aegypti for Dengue 2 Virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1987;36(1): 143–152. 3812879
78. Hopp MJ, Foley JA, Global-scale Relationships between Climate and the Dengue Fever Vector, Aedes aegypti. Clim Change. 2001;48: 441–463.
79. Yang HM, Macoris MLG, Galvani KC, Andrighetti MTM, Wanderley DMV, Assessing the Effects of Temperature on the Population of Aedes aegypti, the Vector of Dengue. Epidemiol Infect. 2009;137: 1188–1202. doi: 10.1017/S0950268809002040 19192322
80. Scott TW, Amerasinghe PH, Morrison AC, Lorenz LH, Clark GG, Strickman D, et al. Longitudinal Studies of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand and Puerto Rico: Blood Feeding Frequency. J Med Ent. 2000;37: 89–101.
81. Brady OJ, Johansson MA, Guerra CA, Bhatt S, Golding N, Pigott DM, et al. Modelling Adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Survival at Different Temperatures in Laboratory and Field Settings. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6: 351. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-351 24330720
82. Stewart Ibarra AM, Ryan SJ, Beltrán E, Mejía R, Silva M, Muñoz Á, Mores CN, Dengue Vector Dynamics (Aedes aegypti) Influenced by Climate and Social Factors in Ecuador: Implications for Targeted Control. PLoS ONE. 2013;8: e78263. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078263 24324542
83. Degallier N, Vilarinhos P d. TR, Carvalho M d. SL d., Knox MB, Caetano J, People’s Knowledge and Practice about Dengue, Its Vectors and Control Means in Brasilia (DF), Brazil: Its Relevance with Entomological Factors. J Amer Mosq Cont Assoc. 2000;16 (2): 114–123.
84. Getis A, Morrison AC, Gray K, Scott TW, Characteristics of the Spatial Pattern of the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti, in Iquitos, Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;69: 494–505. 14695086
85. Harrington LC, Scott TW, Lerdthusnee K, Coleman RC, Costero A, Clark GG, et al. Dispersal of the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti within and between Rural Communities. AmJ.tropMedHyg. 2005;72: 209–220.
86. Maciel-de-Freitas R, Codeco CT, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Body Size-associated Survival and Dispersal Rates of Aedes aegypti in Rio de Janeiro. Med Vet Entomol. 2007;21: 284–292. 17897370
87. Muir LE, Kay BH, Aedes aegypti Survival and Dispersal Estimated by Mark-release-recapture in Northern Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;58 (3): 277–282. 9546403
88. Aldstadt J, Yoon I- K, Tannitisupawong D, Jarman RG, Thomas SJ, Gibbons RV, et al. Space-time Analysis of Hospitalised Dengue Patients in Rural Thailand Reveals Important Temporal Intervals in the Pattern of Dengue Virus Transmission: Space-time Dengue Transmission Intervals. Trop Med Int Health. 2012;17: 1076–1085. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03040.x 22808917
89. Mammen MP, JrPimgate C, Koenraadt CJ, Rothman AL, Aldstadt J, Nisalak A, et al. Spatial and Temporal Clustering of Dengue Virus Transmission in Thai Villages. PLoS Med. 2008;5: e205. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050205 18986209
90. Morrison AC, Getis A, Santigo M, Rigau-Perez JG, Reiter P, Exploratory Space-time Analysis of Reported Dengue Cases During an Outbreak in Florida, Puerto Rico, 1991–1992. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;58: 287–298. 9546405
91. Rabaa MA, Klungthong C, Yoon I-K, Holmes EC, Chinnawirotpisan P, Thaisomboonsuk B, Harris E, et al. Frequent In-Migration and Highly Focal Transmission of Dengue Viruses among Children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7: e1990. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001990 23350000
92. Tran A, Deparis X, Dussart P, Morvan J, Rabarisn P, Remy F, et al. Dengue Spatial and Temporal Patterns, French Guiana, 2001. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10: 615–621. 15200850
93. Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Kitron U, Montgomery B, Horne P, Ritchie SA, Quantifying the Spatial Dimension of Dengue Virus Epidemic Spread within a Tropical Urban Environment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4: e920. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000920 21200419
94. Yoon I-K, Getis A, Aldstadt J, Rothman AL, Tannitisupawong D, Koenraadt CJM, et al. Fine Scale Spatiotemporal Clustering of Dengue Virus Transmission in Children and Aedes aegypti in Rural Thai Villages. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6: e1730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001730 22816001
95. Dufour B, Hendrikx P, Surveillance Epidémiologique en Santé Animale. 2ème ed. Cirad; 2005.
96. Endy TP, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, et al. Epidemiology of Inapparent and Symptomatic Acute Dengue Virus Infection: A Prospective Study of Primary School Children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156: 40–51. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwf005 12076887
97. Endy TP, Anderson KB, Nisalak A, Yoon I- K, Green S, Rothman AL, et al. Determinants of Inapparent and Symptomatic Dengue Infection in a Prospective Study of Primary School Children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5: e975. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000975 21390158
98. Dormann CF, M. McPherson J, B. Araújo M, Bivand R, Bolliger J, Carl G, et al. Methods to Account for Spatial Autocorrelation in the Analysis of Species Distributional Data: a Review. Ecography. 2007;30: 609–628. doi: 10.1111/j.2007.0906–7590.05171.x
99. Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Caro V, Guillaumot L, Vazeille M, D’Ortenzio E, Thiberge J- M, et al. Chikungunya Virus and the Mosquito Vector Aedes aegypti in New Caledonia (South Pacific Region). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis Larchmt N. 2012;12: 1036–1041. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0937