메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1641, Issue , 2016, Pages 197-206

Evidence for a specialized role of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system in cortical circuitries and behavioral operations

Author keywords

Behavior; Locus coeruleus; Motor cortex; Norepinephrines; Prefrontal cortex

Indexed keywords

NORADRENALIN;

EID: 84953234279     PISSN: 00068993     EISSN: 18726240     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.022     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (59)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 0019123973 scopus 로고
    • Bilaterally diverging axon collaterals and contralateral projections from rat locus coeruleus neurons, demonstrated by fluorescent retrograde double labeling and norepinephrine metabolism
    • J.P. Ader, P. Room, and et al. Bilaterally diverging axon collaterals and contralateral projections from rat locus coeruleus neurons, demonstrated by fluorescent retrograde double labeling and norepinephrine metabolism J. Neural Transm. 49 4 1980 207 2208
    • (1980) J. Neural Transm. , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 207-2208
    • Ader, J.P.1    Room, P.2
  • 2
    • 84876740290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a regional specificity in the density and distribution of noradrenergic varicosities in rat cortex
    • K.L. Agster, C.A. Mejias-Aponte, and et al. Evidence for a regional specificity in the density and distribution of noradrenergic varicosities in rat cortex J. Comp. Neurol. 521 10 2013 2195 2207
    • (2013) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.521 , Issue.10 , pp. 2195-2207
    • Agster, K.L.1    Mejias-Aponte, C.A.2
  • 3
    • 0029030671 scopus 로고
    • Use of the whole-cell patch-clamp method in studies on the role of cAMP in regulating the spontaneous firing of locus coeruleus neurons
    • M. Alreja, and G.K. Aghajanian Use of the whole-cell patch-clamp method in studies on the role of cAMP in regulating the spontaneous firing of locus coeruleus neurons J. Neurosci. Methods 59 1 1995 67 75
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-75
    • Alreja, M.1    Aghajanian, G.K.2
  • 4
    • 0037133621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency-dependent synchrony in locus ceruleus: Role of electrotonic coupling
    • V.A. Alvarez, C.C. Chow, and et al. Frequency-dependent synchrony in locus ceruleus: role of electrotonic coupling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 6 2002 4032 4036
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , Issue.6 , pp. 4032-4036
    • Alvarez, V.A.1    Chow, C.C.2
  • 5
    • 0034006096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Through the looking glass: Differential noradenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical function
    • A.F. Arnsten Through the looking glass: differential noradenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical function Neural Plast. 7 1-2 2000 133 146
    • (2000) Neural Plast. , vol.7 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 133-146
    • Arnsten, A.F.1
  • 6
    • 38349020431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine and second messenger influences on prefrontal cortical networks of "representational knowledge": A rational bridge between genetics and the symptoms of mental illness
    • A.F. Arnsten Catecholamine and second messenger influences on prefrontal cortical networks of "representational knowledge": a rational bridge between genetics and the symptoms of mental illness Cereb. Cortex 17 1 2007 Si6 S15
    • (2007) Cereb. Cortex , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. Si6-Si15
    • Arnsten, A.F.1
  • 7
    • 66249129704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function
    • A.F. Arnsten Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10 6 2009 410 422
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 410-422
    • Arnsten, A.F.1
  • 8
    • 67849132143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a new understanding of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pathophysiology: An important role for prefrontal cortex dysfunction
    • A.F. Arnsten Toward a new understanding of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pathophysiology: an important role for prefrontal cortex dysfunction CNS Drugs 23 1 2009 S33 S41
    • (2009) CNS Drugs , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. S33-S41
    • Arnsten, A.F.1
  • 9
    • 0021252686 scopus 로고
    • Selective prefrontal cortical projections to the region of the locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei in the rhesus monkey
    • A.F. Arnsten, and P.S. Goldman-Rakic Selective prefrontal cortical projections to the region of the locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei in the rhesus monkey Brain Res. 306 1-2 1984 9 18
    • (1984) Brain Res. , vol.306 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 9-18
    • Arnsten, A.F.1    Goldman-Rakic, P.S.2
  • 10
    • 0033004430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-1 noradrenergic receptor stimulation impairs prefrontal cortical cognitive function
    • A.F. Arnsten, R. Mathew, and et al. Alpha-1 noradrenergic receptor stimulation impairs prefrontal cortical cognitive function Biol. Psychiatry 45 1 1999 26 31
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-31
    • Arnsten, A.F.1    Mathew, R.2
  • 11
    • 0025934933 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin selectively attenuates glutamate-evoked activation of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons
    • G. Aston-Jones, H. Akaoka, and et al. Serotonin selectively attenuates glutamate-evoked activation of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons J. Neurosci. 11 3 1991 760 769
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 760-769
    • Aston-Jones, G.1    Akaoka, H.2
  • 12
    • 27844591709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive gain and the role of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in optimal performance
    • G. Aston-Jones, and J.D. Cohen Adaptive gain and the role of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in optimal performance J. Comp. Neurol. 493 1 2005 99 110
    • (2005) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.493 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-110
    • Aston-Jones, G.1    Cohen, J.D.2
  • 13
    • 23244432007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: Adaptive gain and optimal performance
    • G. Aston-Jones, and J.D. Cohen An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 28 2005 403 450
    • (2005) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.28 , pp. 403-450
    • Aston-Jones, G.1    Cohen, J.D.2
  • 14
    • 0022981586 scopus 로고
    • The brain nucleus locus coeruleus: Restricted afferent control of a broad efferent network
    • G. Aston-Jones, M. Ennis, and et al. The brain nucleus locus coeruleus: restricted afferent control of a broad efferent network Science 234 4777 1986 734 737
    • (1986) Science , vol.234 , Issue.4777 , pp. 734-737
    • Aston-Jones, G.1    Ennis, M.2
  • 15
    • 7044265005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhythms, synchrony and electrical coupling in the Locus coeruleus
    • D. Ballantyne, M. Andrzejewski, and et al. Rhythms, synchrony and electrical coupling in the Locus coeruleus Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 143 2-3 2004 199 214
    • (2004) Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. , vol.143 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 199-214
    • Ballantyne, D.1    Andrzejewski, M.2
  • 16
    • 0032768251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between locus coeruleus discharge rates and rates of norepinephrine release within neocortex as assessed by in vivo microdialysis
    • C.W. Berridge, and E.D. Abercrombie Relationship between locus coeruleus discharge rates and rates of norepinephrine release within neocortex as assessed by in vivo microdialysis Neuroscience 93 4 1999 1263 1270
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.93 , Issue.4 , pp. 1263-1270
    • Berridge, C.W.1    Abercrombie, E.D.2
  • 17
    • 0037381980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system: Modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processes
    • C.W. Berridge, and B.D. Waterhouse The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system: modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processes Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 42 1 2003 33 84
    • (2003) Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-84
    • Berridge, C.W.1    Waterhouse, B.D.2
  • 18
    • 61349171282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of locus coeruleus neurons in monkeys to Pavlovian and operant behaviors
    • S. Bouret, and B.J. Richmond Relation of locus coeruleus neurons in monkeys to Pavlovian and operant behaviors J. Neurophysiol. 101 2 2009 898 911
    • (2009) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 898-911
    • Bouret, S.1    Richmond, B.J.2
  • 19
    • 3843112439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward expectation, orientation of attention and locus coeruleus-medial frontal cortex interplay during learning
    • S. Bouret, and S.J. Sara Reward expectation, orientation of attention and locus coeruleus-medial frontal cortex interplay during learning Eur. J. Neurosci. 20 3 2004 791 802
    • (2004) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 791-802
    • Bouret, S.1    Sara, S.J.2
  • 20
    • 26944438305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network reset: A simplified overarching theory of locus coeruleus noradrenaline function
    • S. Bouret, and S.J. Sara Network reset: a simplified overarching theory of locus coeruleus noradrenaline function Trends Neurosci. 28 11 2005 574 582
    • (2005) Trends Neurosci. , vol.28 , Issue.11 , pp. 574-582
    • Bouret, S.1    Sara, S.J.2
  • 21
    • 80052725198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine facilitates attentional set shifting in adolescent rats
    • R.E. Cain, M.C. Wasserman, and et al. Atomoxetine facilitates attentional set shifting in adolescent rats Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 1 4 2011 552 559
    • (2011) Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 552-559
    • Cain, R.E.1    Wasserman, M.C.2
  • 22
    • 78649381832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuning arousal with optogenetic modulation of locus coeruleus neurons
    • M.E. Carter, O. Yizhar, and et al. Tuning arousal with optogenetic modulation of locus coeruleus neurons Nat. Neurosci. 13 12 2010 1526 1533
    • (2010) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 1526-1533
    • Carter, M.E.1    Yizhar, O.2
  • 23
    • 84899813827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous organization of the locus coeruleus projections to prefrontal and motor cortices
    • D.J. Chandler, W.J. Gao, and et al. Heterogeneous organization of the locus coeruleus projections to prefrontal and motor cortices Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111 18 2014 6816 6821
    • (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.111 , Issue.18 , pp. 6816-6821
    • Chandler, D.J.1    Gao, W.J.2
  • 24
    • 84879796911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and distribution of projections from monoaminergic and cholinergic nuclei to functionally differentiated subregions of prefrontal cortex
    • D.J. Chandler, C.S. Lamperski, and et al. Identification and distribution of projections from monoaminergic and cholinergic nuclei to functionally differentiated subregions of prefrontal cortex Brain Res. 1522 2013 38 58
    • (2013) Brain Res. , vol.1522 , pp. 38-58
    • Chandler, D.J.1    Lamperski, C.S.2
  • 25
    • 4243658447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for functional release of endogenous opioids in the locus ceruleus during stress termination
    • A.L. Curtis, N.T. Bello, and et al. Evidence for functional release of endogenous opioids in the locus ceruleus during stress termination J. Neurosci. 21 13 2001 RC152
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.21 , Issue.13 , pp. RC152
    • Curtis, A.L.1    Bello, N.T.2
  • 26
    • 0030992727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system by intracoerulear microinfusion of corticotropin-releasing factor: Effects on discharge rate, cortical norepinephrine levels and cortical electroencephalographic activity
    • A.L. Curtis, S.M. Lechner, and et al. Activation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system by intracoerulear microinfusion of corticotropin-releasing factor: effects on discharge rate, cortical norepinephrine levels and cortical electroencephalographic activity J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281 1 1997 163 172
    • (1997) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.281 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-172
    • Curtis, A.L.1    Lechner, S.M.2
  • 27
    • 0033033053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term regulation of locus ceruleus sensitivity to corticotropin-releasing factor by swim stress
    • A.L. Curtis, L.A. Pavcovich, and et al. Long-term regulation of locus ceruleus sensitivity to corticotropin-releasing factor by swim stress J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 289 3 1999 1211 1219
    • (1999) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.289 , Issue.3 , pp. 1211-1219
    • Curtis, A.L.1    Pavcovich, L.A.2
  • 29
    • 8844286003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: Neural and neurochemical substrates
    • J.W. Dalley, R.N. Cardinal, and et al. Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: neural and neurochemical substrates Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 28 7 2004 771 784
    • (2004) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 771-784
    • Dalley, J.W.1    Cardinal, R.N.2
  • 30
    • 33751176908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose methylphenidate actions on tonic and phasic locus coeruleus discharge
    • D.M. Devilbiss, and C.W. Berridge Low-dose methylphenidate actions on tonic and phasic locus coeruleus discharge J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 319 3 2006 1327 1335
    • (2006) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.319 , Issue.3 , pp. 1327-1335
    • Devilbiss, D.M.1    Berridge, C.W.2
  • 31
    • 33749184822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locus ceruleus regulates sensory encoding by neurons and networks in waking animals
    • D.M. Devilbiss, M.E. Page, and et al. Locus ceruleus regulates sensory encoding by neurons and networks in waking animals J. Neurosci. 26 39 2006 9860 9872
    • (2006) J. Neurosci. , vol.26 , Issue.39 , pp. 9860-9872
    • Devilbiss, D.M.1    Page, M.E.2
  • 32
    • 0034666686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine exhibits two distinct profiles of action on sensory cortical neuron responses to excitatory synaptic stimuli
    • D.M. Devilbiss, and B.D. Waterhouse Norepinephrine exhibits two distinct profiles of action on sensory cortical neuron responses to excitatory synaptic stimuli Synapse 37 4 2000 273 282
    • (2000) Synapse , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 273-282
    • Devilbiss, D.M.1    Waterhouse, B.D.2
  • 33
    • 0037114780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination and quantification of pharmacological, physiological, or behavioral manipulations on ensembles of simultaneously recorded neurons in functionally related neural circuits
    • D.M. Devilbiss, and B.D. Waterhouse Determination and quantification of pharmacological, physiological, or behavioral manipulations on ensembles of simultaneously recorded neurons in functionally related neural circuits J. Neurosci. Methods 121 2 2002 181 198
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-198
    • Devilbiss, D.M.1    Waterhouse, B.D.2
  • 34
    • 10044295969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of tonic locus ceruleus output on sensory-evoked responses of ventral posterior medial thalamic and barrel field cortical neurons in the awake rat
    • D.M. Devilbiss, and B.D. Waterhouse The effects of tonic locus ceruleus output on sensory-evoked responses of ventral posterior medial thalamic and barrel field cortical neurons in the awake rat J. Neurosci. 24 48 2004 10773 10785
    • (2004) J. Neurosci. , vol.24 , Issue.48 , pp. 10773-10785
    • Devilbiss, D.M.1    Waterhouse, B.D.2
  • 35
    • 0023742981 scopus 로고
    • Activation of locus coeruleus from nucleus paragigantocellularis: A new excitatory amino acid pathway in brain
    • M. Ennis, and G. Aston-Jones Activation of locus coeruleus from nucleus paragigantocellularis: a new excitatory amino acid pathway in brain J. Neurosci. 8 10 1988 3644 3657
    • (1988) J. Neurosci. , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. 3644-3657
    • Ennis, M.1    Aston-Jones, G.2
  • 36
    • 0024384877 scopus 로고
    • GABA-mediated inhibition of locus coeruleus from the dorsomedial rostral medulla
    • M. Ennis, and G. Aston-Jones GABA-mediated inhibition of locus coeruleus from the dorsomedial rostral medulla J. Neurosci. 9 8 1989 2973 2981
    • (1989) J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , Issue.8 , pp. 2973-2981
    • Ennis, M.1    Aston-Jones, G.2
  • 37
    • 0024369503 scopus 로고
    • Potent inhibitory input to locus coeruleus from the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi
    • M. Ennis, and G. Aston-Jones Potent inhibitory input to locus coeruleus from the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi Brain Res. Bull. 22 5 1989 793 803
    • (1989) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 793-803
    • Ennis, M.1    Aston-Jones, G.2
  • 38
    • 0020378166 scopus 로고
    • Monoamine innervation of the forebrain: Collateralization
    • J.H. Fallon, and S.E. Loughlin Monoamine innervation of the forebrain: collateralization Brain Res. Bull. 9 1-6 1982 295 307
    • (1982) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.9 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 295-307
    • Fallon, J.H.1    Loughlin, S.E.2
  • 39
    • 0020555603 scopus 로고
    • Nucleus locus ceruleus: New evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity
    • S.L. Foote, F.E. Bloom, and et al. Nucleus locus ceruleus: new evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity Physiol. Rev. 63 3 1983 844 914
    • (1983) Physiol. Rev. , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 844-914
    • Foote, S.L.1    Bloom, F.E.2
  • 40
    • 0033884355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the locus coeruleus in the development of Parkinson's disease
    • M. Gesi, P. Soldani, and et al. The role of the locus coeruleus in the development of Parkinson's disease Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 24 6 2000 655 668
    • (2000) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 655-668
    • Gesi, M.1    Soldani, P.2
  • 41
    • 4644279737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis for catecholaminergic neuron diversity
    • J. Grimm, A. Mueller, and et al. Molecular basis for catecholaminergic neuron diversity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 38 2004 13891 13896
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , Issue.38 , pp. 13891-13896
    • Grimm, J.1    Mueller, A.2
  • 42
    • 0018855064 scopus 로고
    • The locus coeruleus in the rat: An immunohistochemical delineation
    • R. Grzanna, and M.E. Molliver The locus coeruleus in the rat: an immunohistochemical delineation Neuroscience 5 1 1980 21 40
    • (1980) Neuroscience , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-40
    • Grzanna, R.1    Molliver, M.E.2
  • 43
    • 4143140936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A matter of focus: Monoaminergic modulation of stimulus coding in mammalian sensory networks
    • L.M. Hurley, D.M. Devilbiss, and et al. A matter of focus: monoaminergic modulation of stimulus coding in mammalian sensory networks Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 14 4 2004 488 495
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 488-495
    • Hurley, L.M.1    Devilbiss, D.M.2
  • 44
    • 0029783330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronous activity in locus coeruleus results from dendritic interactions in pericoerulear regions
    • M. Ishimatsu, and J.T. Williams Synchronous activity in locus coeruleus results from dendritic interactions in pericoerulear regions J. Neurosci. 16 16 1996 5196 5204
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , Issue.16 , pp. 5196-5204
    • Ishimatsu, M.1    Williams, J.T.2
  • 45
    • 0017596537 scopus 로고
    • Ascending projections of the locus coeruleus in the rat. I. Axonal transport in central noradrenaline neurons
    • B.E. Jones, A.E. Halaris, and et al. Ascending projections of the locus coeruleus in the rat. I. Axonal transport in central noradrenaline neurons Brain Res. 127 1 1977 1 21
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.127 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-21
    • Jones, B.E.1    Halaris, A.E.2
  • 46
    • 84923445568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phasic activation of individual neurons in the locus ceruleus/subceruleus complex of monkeys reflects rewarded decisions to go but not stop
    • R.M. Kalwani, S. Joshi, and et al. Phasic activation of individual neurons in the locus ceruleus/subceruleus complex of monkeys reflects rewarded decisions to go but not stop J. Neurosci. 34 41 2014 13656 13669
    • (2014) J. Neurosci. , vol.34 , Issue.41 , pp. 13656-13669
    • Kalwani, R.M.1    Joshi, S.2
  • 47
    • 38649083179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action potential generation requires a high sodium channel density in the axon initial segment
    • M.H. Kole, S.U. Ilschner, and et al. Action potential generation requires a high sodium channel density in the axon initial segment Nat. Neurosci. 11 2 2008 178 186
    • (2008) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-186
    • Kole, M.H.1    Ilschner, S.U.2
  • 48
    • 40249097514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique properties of mesoprefrontal neurons within a dual mesocorticolimbic dopamine system
    • S. Lammel, A. Hetzel, and et al. Unique properties of mesoprefrontal neurons within a dual mesocorticolimbic dopamine system Neuron 57 5 2008 760 773
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 760-773
    • Lammel, S.1    Hetzel, A.2
  • 49
    • 84868621500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area
    • S. Lammel, B.K. Lim, and et al. Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area Nature 491 7423 2012 212 217
    • (2012) Nature , vol.491 , Issue.7423 , pp. 212-217
    • Lammel, S.1    Lim, B.K.2
  • 50
    • 30144446369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive function in rat medial prefrontal cortex as measured by attentional set shifting capability
    • M.D. Lapiz, and D.A. Morilak Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive function in rat medial prefrontal cortex as measured by attentional set shifting capability Neuroscience 137 3 2006 1039 1049
    • (2006) Neuroscience , vol.137 , Issue.3 , pp. 1039-1049
    • Lapiz, M.D.1    Morilak, D.A.2
  • 51
    • 0030963216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locus coeruleus activation by colon distention: Role of corticotropin-releasing factor and excitatory amino acids
    • S.M. Lechner, A.L. Curtis, and et al. Locus coeruleus activation by colon distention: role of corticotropin-releasing factor and excitatory amino acids Brain Res. 756 1-2 1997 114 124
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.756 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 114-124
    • Lechner, S.M.1    Curtis, A.L.2
  • 52
    • 0035571938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress, norepinephrine and depression
    • B.E. Leonard Stress, norepinephrine and depression J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 26 Suppl 2001 S11 S16
    • (2001) J. Psychiatry Neurosci. , vol.26 , pp. S11-S16
    • Leonard, B.E.1
  • 53
    • 0022446809 scopus 로고
    • Efferent projections of nucleus locus coeruleus: Topographic organization of cells of origin demonstrated by three-dimensional reconstruction
    • S.E. Loughlin, S.L. Foote, and et al. Efferent projections of nucleus locus coeruleus: topographic organization of cells of origin demonstrated by three-dimensional reconstruction Neuroscience 18 2 1986 291 306
    • (1986) Neuroscience , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-306
    • Loughlin, S.E.1    Foote, S.L.2
  • 54
    • 0020416934 scopus 로고
    • Locus coeruleus projections to cortex: Topography, morphology and collateralization
    • S.E. Loughlin, S.L. Foote, and et al. Locus coeruleus projections to cortex: topography, morphology and collateralization Brain Res. Bull. 9 1-6 1982 287 294
    • (1982) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.9 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 287-294
    • Loughlin, S.E.1    Foote, S.L.2
  • 55
    • 0022534005 scopus 로고
    • Efferent projections of nucleus locus coeruleus: Morphologic subpopulations have different efferent targets
    • S.E. Loughlin, S.L. Foote, and et al. Efferent projections of nucleus locus coeruleus: morphologic subpopulations have different efferent targets Neuroscience 18 2 1986 307 319
    • (1986) Neuroscience , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 307-319
    • Loughlin, S.E.1    Foote, S.L.2
  • 56
    • 0018707462 scopus 로고
    • Regional topography within noradrenergic locus coeruleus as revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase
    • S.T. Mason, and H.C. Fibiger Regional topography within noradrenergic locus coeruleus as revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase J. Comp. Neurol. 187 4 1979 703 724
    • (1979) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.187 , Issue.4 , pp. 703-724
    • Mason, S.T.1    Fibiger, H.C.2
  • 57
    • 49749127995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine reverses attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex
    • J. McGaughy, L.A. Newman, and et al. Atomoxetine reverses attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex Psychopharmacology 200 1 2008 39 50
    • (2008) Psychopharmacology , vol.200 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-50
    • McGaughy, J.1    Newman, L.A.2
  • 58
    • 41949118175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic, but not cholinergic, deafferentation of prefrontal cortex impairs attentional set-shifting
    • J. McGaughy, R.S. Ross, and et al. Noradrenergic, but not cholinergic, deafferentation of prefrontal cortex impairs attentional set-shifting Neuroscience 153 1 2008 63 71
    • (2008) Neuroscience , vol.153 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-71
    • McGaughy, J.1    Ross, R.S.2
  • 59
    • 0032423119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained attention performance in rats with intracortical infusions of 192 IgG-saporin-induced cortical cholinergic deafferentation: Effects of physostigmine and FG 7142
    • J. McGaughy, and M. Sarter Sustained attention performance in rats with intracortical infusions of 192 IgG-saporin-induced cortical cholinergic deafferentation: effects of physostigmine and FG 7142 Behav. Neurosci. 112 6 1998 1519 1525
    • (1998) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.112 , Issue.6 , pp. 1519-1525
    • McGaughy, J.1    Sarter, M.2
  • 60
    • 79151475168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential response of the central noradrenergic nervous system to the loss of locus coeruleus neurons in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease
    • P.J. McMillan, S.S. White, and et al. Differential response of the central noradrenergic nervous system to the loss of locus coeruleus neurons in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease Brain Res. 1373 2011 240 252
    • (2011) Brain Res. , vol.1373 , pp. 240-252
    • McMillan, P.J.1    White, S.S.2
  • 61
    • 1242351751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylphenidate improves working memory and set-shifting in AD/HD: Relationships to baseline memory capacity
    • M.A. Mehta, I.M. Goodyer, and et al. Methylphenidate improves working memory and set-shifting in AD/HD: relationships to baseline memory capacity J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 45 2 2004 293 305
    • (2004) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 293-305
    • Mehta, M.A.1    Goodyer, I.M.2
  • 62
    • 79952748093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe neuron activity and response to acute antidepressant administration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
    • C. Miguelez, L. Grandoso, and et al. Locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe neuron activity and response to acute antidepressant administration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 14 2 2011 187 200
    • (2011) Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-200
    • Miguelez, C.1    Grandoso, L.2
  • 63
    • 0018147986 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and orientation of noradrenergic fibers in neocortex of the rat: An immunofluorescence study
    • J.H. Morrison, R. Grzanna, and et al. The distribution and orientation of noradrenergic fibers in neocortex of the rat: an immunofluorescence study J. Comp. Neurol. 181 1 1978 17 39
    • (1978) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.181 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-39
    • Morrison, J.H.1    Grzanna, R.2
  • 64
    • 0018583574 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic innervation patterns in three regions of medial cortex: An immunofluorescence characterization
    • J.H. Morrison, M.E. Molliver, and et al. Noradrenergic innervation patterns in three regions of medial cortex: an immunofluorescence characterization Brain Res. Bull. 4 6 1979 849 857
    • (1979) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 849-857
    • Morrison, J.H.1    Molliver, M.E.2
  • 65
    • 0019433315 scopus 로고
    • The intra-cortical trajectory of the coeruleo-cortical projection in the rat-A tangentially organized cortical afferent
    • J.H. Morrison, M.E. Molliver, and et al. The intra-cortical trajectory of the coeruleo-cortical projection in the rat-a tangentially organized cortical afferent Neuroscience 6 2 1981 139 158
    • (1981) Neuroscience , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-158
    • Morrison, J.H.1    Molliver, M.E.2
  • 66
    • 34247105668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of norepinephrine on somatosensory neuronal responses in the rat thalamus: A combined modeling and in vivo multi-channel, multi-neuron recording study
    • K.A. Moxon, D.M. Devilbiss, and et al. Influence of norepinephrine on somatosensory neuronal responses in the rat thalamus: a combined modeling and in vivo multi-channel, multi-neuron recording study Brain Res. 1147 2007 105 123
    • (2007) Brain Res. , vol.1147 , pp. 105-123
    • Moxon, K.A.1    Devilbiss, D.M.2
  • 67
    • 0019870211 scopus 로고
    • Divergent projections of catecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus as revealed by fluorescent retrograde double labeling technique
    • T. Nagai, K. Satoh, and et al. Divergent projections of catecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus as revealed by fluorescent retrograde double labeling technique Neurosci. Lett. 23 2 1981 117 123
    • (1981) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-123
    • Nagai, T.1    Satoh, K.2
  • 68
    • 0031783957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists. Neurochemistry, efficacy, and clinical guidelines for use in children
    • 1099-1022, viii
    • J.H. Newcorn, K. Schulz, and et al. Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists. Neurochemistry, efficacy, and clinical guidelines for use in children Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 45 5 1998 1099-1022, viii
    • (1998) Pediatr. Clin. North Am. , vol.45 , Issue.5
    • Newcorn, J.H.1    Schulz, K.2
  • 69
    • 49749127995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine reverses attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex
    • L.A. Newman, J. Darling, and et al. Atomoxetine reverses attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex Psychopharmacology 200 1 2008 39 50
    • (2008) Psychopharmacology , vol.200 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-50
    • Newman, L.A.1    Darling, J.2
  • 70
    • 0015228864 scopus 로고
    • On the projections from the locus coeruleus noradrealine neurons: The cerebellar innervation
    • L. Olson, and K. Fuxe On the projections from the locus coeruleus noradrealine neurons: the cerebellar innervation Brain Res. 28 1 1971 165 171
    • (1971) Brain Res. , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-171
    • Olson, L.1    Fuxe, K.2
  • 71
    • 35548999779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional MRI in ADHD: A systematic literature review
    • Y. Paloyelis, M.A. Mehta, and et al. Functional MRI in ADHD: a systematic literature review Expert Rev. Neurother. 7 10 2007 1337 1356
    • (2007) Expert Rev. Neurother. , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. 1337-1356
    • Paloyelis, Y.1    Mehta, M.A.2
  • 72
    • 0032402181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems
    • C. Peyron, D.K. Tighe, and et al. Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems J. Neurosci. 18 23 1998 9996 10015
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , Issue.23 , pp. 9996-10015
    • Peyron, C.1    Tighe, D.K.2
  • 73
    • 0017734161 scopus 로고
    • A serotonergic innervation of noradrenergic neurons in nucleus locus coeruleus: Demonstration by immunocytochemical localization of the transmitter specific enzymes tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase
    • V.M. Pickel, T.H. Joh, and et al. A serotonergic innervation of noradrenergic neurons in nucleus locus coeruleus: demonstration by immunocytochemical localization of the transmitter specific enzymes tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase Brain Res. 131 2 1977 197 214
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.131 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-214
    • Pickel, V.M.1    Joh, T.H.2
  • 74
    • 75549086203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients: An add-on, double-blind placebo-controlled study
    • M. Poyurovsky, S. Faragian, and et al. Effect of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients: an add-on, double-blind placebo-controlled study Isr. J. Psychiatry Relat. Sci. 46 3 2009 213 220
    • (2009) Isr. J. Psychiatry Relat. Sci. , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-220
    • Poyurovsky, M.1    Faragian, S.2
  • 75
    • 33244498019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylphenidate ('Ritalin') can ameliorate abnormal risk-taking behavior in the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia
    • S. Rahman, T.W. Robbins, and et al. Methylphenidate ('Ritalin') can ameliorate abnormal risk-taking behavior in the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia Neuropsychopharmacology 31 3 2006 651 658
    • (2006) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 651-658
    • Rahman, S.1    Robbins, T.W.2
  • 76
    • 33847631254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic pharmacology and cognition: Focus on the prefrontal cortex
    • B.P. Ramos, and A.F. Arnsten Adrenergic pharmacology and cognition: focus on the prefrontal cortex Pharmacol. Ther. 113 3 2007 523 536
    • (2007) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.113 , Issue.3 , pp. 523-536
    • Ramos, B.P.1    Arnsten, A.F.2
  • 77
    • 34547095765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of connexin36 in gap junctions between neurons in rodent locus coeruleus
    • J.E. Rash, C.O. Olson, and et al. Identification of connexin36 in gap junctions between neurons in rodent locus coeruleus Neuroscience 147 4 2007 938 956
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.147 , Issue.4 , pp. 938-956
    • Rash, J.E.1    Olson, C.O.2
  • 78
    • 84880924300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental origins of central norepinephrine neuron diversity
    • S.D. Robertson, N.W. Plummer, and et al. Developmental origins of central norepinephrine neuron diversity Nat. Neurosci. 16 8 2013 1016 1023
    • (2013) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 1016-1023
    • Robertson, S.D.1    Plummer, N.W.2
  • 79
    • 0005186630 scopus 로고
    • The nucleus locus coeruleus (dorsolateralis tegmenti)
    • G.V. Russell The nucleus locus coeruleus (dorsolateralis tegmenti) Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 13 4 1955 939 988
    • (1955) Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 939-988
    • Russell, G.V.1
  • 80
    • 60549092240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition
    • S.J. Sara The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10 3 2009 211 223
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 211-223
    • Sara, S.J.1
  • 81
    • 0017688436 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenaline innervation of the spinal cord studied by the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining
    • K. Satoh, M. Tohyama, and et al. Noradrenaline innervation of the spinal cord studied by the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining Exp. Brain Res. 30 2-3 1977 175 186
    • (1977) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.30 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 175-186
    • Satoh, K.1    Tohyama, M.2
  • 82
    • 84938275604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral-genetic tracing of the input-output organization of a central noradrenaline circuit
    • L.A. Schwarz, K. Miyamichi, and et al. Viral-genetic tracing of the input-output organization of a central noradrenaline circuit Nature 524 7563 2015 88 92
    • (2015) Nature , vol.524 , Issue.7563 , pp. 88-92
    • Schwarz, L.A.1    Miyamichi, K.2
  • 83
    • 59449097402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter improves behavioral flexibility in rats and monkeys
    • E. Seu, A. Lang, and et al. Inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter improves behavioral flexibility in rats and monkeys Psychopharmacology 202 1-3 2009 505 519
    • (2009) Psychopharmacology , vol.202 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 505-519
    • Seu, E.1    Lang, A.2
  • 84
    • 0030070082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendrites of locus coeruleus neurons extend preferentially into two pericoerulear zones
    • M.T. Shipley, L. Fu, and et al. Dendrites of locus coeruleus neurons extend preferentially into two pericoerulear zones J. Comp. Neurol. 365 1 1996 56 68
    • (1996) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.365 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-68
    • Shipley, M.T.1    Fu, L.2
  • 85
    • 0030877874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateralization and functional organization of the locus coeruleus projection to the trigeminal somatosensory pathway in rat
    • K.L. Simpson, D.W. Altman, and et al. Lateralization and functional organization of the locus coeruleus projection to the trigeminal somatosensory pathway in rat J. Comp. Neurol. 385 1 1997 135 147
    • (1997) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.385 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-147
    • Simpson, K.L.1    Altman, D.W.2
  • 86
    • 0019443667 scopus 로고
    • Locus coeruleus neurons have axons that branch to the forebrain and cerebellum
    • D.A. Steindler Locus coeruleus neurons have axons that branch to the forebrain and cerebellum Brain Res. 223 2 1981 367 373
    • (1981) Brain Res. , vol.223 , Issue.2 , pp. 367-373
    • Steindler, D.A.1
  • 87
    • 0017123350 scopus 로고
    • The locus coeruleus: A cytoarchitectonic, golgi and immunohistochemical study in the albino rat
    • L.W. Swanson The locus coeruleus: a cytoarchitectonic, golgi and immunohistochemical study in the albino rat Brain Res. 110 1 1976 39 56
    • (1976) Brain Res. , vol.110 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-56
    • Swanson, L.W.1
  • 88
    • 0016754437 scopus 로고
    • The central adrenergic system. An immunofluorescence study of the location of cell bodies and their efferent connections in the rat utilizing dopamine-beta-hydroxylase as a marker
    • L.W. Swanson, and B.K. Hartman The central adrenergic system. An immunofluorescence study of the location of cell bodies and their efferent connections in the rat utilizing dopamine-beta-hydroxylase as a marker J. Comp. Neurol. 163 4 1975 467 505
    • (1975) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.163 , Issue.4 , pp. 467-505
    • Swanson, L.W.1    Hartman, B.K.2
  • 89
    • 74449090187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive analysis of the effect of DSP4 on the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system in the rat
    • P. Szot, C. Miguelez, and et al. A comprehensive analysis of the effect of DSP4 on the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system in the rat Neuroscience 166 1 2010 279 291
    • (2010) Neuroscience , vol.166 , Issue.1 , pp. 279-291
    • Szot, P.1    Miguelez, C.2
  • 90
    • 34347401661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle impair attentional set-shifting in the rat
    • D.S. Tait, V.J. Brown, and et al. Lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle impair attentional set-shifting in the rat Eur. J. Neurosci. 25 12 2007 3719 3724
    • (2007) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , Issue.12 , pp. 3719-3724
    • Tait, D.S.1    Brown, V.J.2
  • 91
    • 0023855027 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing hormone increases tonic but not sensory-evoked activity of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons in unanesthetized rats
    • R.J. Valentino, and S.L. Foote Corticotropin-releasing hormone increases tonic but not sensory-evoked activity of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons in unanesthetized rats J. Neurosci. 8 3 1988 1016 1025
    • (1988) J. Neurosci. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 1016-1025
    • Valentino, R.J.1    Foote, S.L.2
  • 92
    • 0031668878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amygdaloid corticotropin-releasing factor targets locus coeruleus dendrites: Substrate for the co-ordination of emotional and cognitive limbs of the stress response
    • E.J. Van Bockstaele, E.E. Colago, and et al. Amygdaloid corticotropin-releasing factor targets locus coeruleus dendrites: substrate for the co-ordination of emotional and cognitive limbs of the stress response J. Neuroendocrinol. 10 10 1998 743 757
    • (1998) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.10 , Issue.10 , pp. 743-757
    • Van Bockstaele, E.J.1    Colago, E.E.2
  • 93
    • 0033610220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efferent projections of the nucleus of the solitary tract to peri-locus coeruleus dendrites in rat brain: Evidence for a monosynaptic pathway
    • E.J. Van Bockstaele, J. Peoples, and et al. Efferent projections of the nucleus of the solitary tract to peri-locus coeruleus dendrites in rat brain: evidence for a monosynaptic pathway J. Comp. Neurol. 412 3 1999 410 428
    • (1999) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.412 , Issue.3 , pp. 410-428
    • Van Bockstaele, E.J.1    Peoples, J.2
  • 94
    • 0033570747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomic basis for differential regulation of the rostrolateral peri-locus coeruleus region by limbic afferents
    • E.J. Van Bockstaele, J. Peoples, and et al. Anatomic basis for differential regulation of the rostrolateral peri-locus coeruleus region by limbic afferents Biol. Psychiatry 46 10 1999 1352 1363
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.46 , Issue.10 , pp. 1352-1363
    • Van Bockstaele, E.J.1    Peoples, J.2
  • 95
    • 0027496469 scopus 로고
    • Topographic organization of rat locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nuclei: Distribution of cells projecting to visual system structures
    • B.D. Waterhouse, B. Border, and et al. Topographic organization of rat locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nuclei: distribution of cells projecting to visual system structures J. Comp. Neurol. 336 3 1993 345 361
    • (1993) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.336 , Issue.3 , pp. 345-361
    • Waterhouse, B.D.1    Border, B.2
  • 96
    • 0020605955 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of neocortical projection neurons in the locus coeruleus
    • B.D. Waterhouse, C.S. Lin, and et al. The distribution of neocortical projection neurons in the locus coeruleus J. Comp. Neurol. 217 4 1983 418 431
    • (1983) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.217 , Issue.4 , pp. 418-431
    • Waterhouse, B.D.1    Lin, C.S.2
  • 97
    • 45249087489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional consequences of locus coeruleus degeneration in Alzheimer's disease
    • D. Weinshenker Functional consequences of locus coeruleus degeneration in Alzheimer's disease Curr. Alzheimer Res. 5 3 2008 342 345
    • (2008) Curr. Alzheimer Res. , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 342-345
    • Weinshenker, D.1
  • 98
    • 0021715347 scopus 로고
    • Opiate-receptor interactions on single locus coeruleus neurones
    • J.T. Williams, and R.A. North Opiate-receptor interactions on single locus coeruleus neurones Mol. Pharmacol. 26 3 1984 489 497
    • (1984) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 489-497
    • Williams, J.T.1    North, R.A.2
  • 99
    • 0021178713 scopus 로고
    • Membrane properties of rat locus coeruleus neurones
    • J.T. Williams, R.A. North, and et al. Membrane properties of rat locus coeruleus neurones Neuroscience 13 1 1984 137 156
    • (1984) Neuroscience , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-156
    • Williams, J.T.1    North, R.A.2
  • 100
    • 0024208163 scopus 로고
    • Inward rectification of resting and opiate-activated potassium currents in rat locus coeruleus neurons
    • J.T. Williams, R.A. North, and et al. Inward rectification of resting and opiate-activated potassium currents in rat locus coeruleus neurons J. Neurosci. 8 11 1988 4299 4306
    • (1988) J. Neurosci. , vol.8 , Issue.11 , pp. 4299-4306
    • Williams, J.T.1    North, R.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.