메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue , 2016, Pages 565-583

Comparison of different methods to include recycling in LCAs of aluminium cans and disposable polystyrene cups

Author keywords

Allocation; Aluminium; Life cycle assessment (LCA); Polystyrene; Recycling

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GLOBAL WARMING; INCINERATION; LIFE CYCLE; PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS; POLYSTYRENES; QUALITY CONTROL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; WASTE INCINERATION; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WASTE TREATMENT;

EID: 84952978456     PISSN: 0956053X     EISSN: 18792456     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.027     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (70)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 84952977821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General principles for an environmental communication on mass market products. AFNOR, France.
    • AFNOR. BP X30-323, 2011. General principles for an environmental communication on mass market products. AFNOR, France.
    • (2011)
  • 2
    • 84905569934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the resource recovery potential of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes
    • Allegrini E., Maresca A., Olsson M.E., Holtze M.S., Boldrin A., Astrup T.F. Quantification of the resource recovery potential of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes. Waste Manage. 2014, 34:1627-1636.
    • (2014) Waste Manage. , vol.34 , pp. 1627-1636
    • Allegrini, E.1    Maresca, A.2    Olsson, M.E.3    Holtze, M.S.4    Boldrin, A.5    Astrup, T.F.6
  • 3
    • 68049095987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): a review
    • Al-Salem S.M., Lettieri P., Baeyens J. Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): a review. Waste Manage. 2009, 29:2625-2643.
    • (2009) Waste Manage. , vol.29 , pp. 2625-2643
    • Al-Salem, S.M.1    Lettieri, P.2    Baeyens, J.3
  • 6
    • 33846873433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declaration by the metals industry on recycling principles
    • Atherton J. Declaration by the metals industry on recycling principles. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2007, 12:59-60.
    • (2007) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. , vol.12 , pp. 59-60
    • Atherton, J.1
  • 7
    • 0032720169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allocation of environmental burdens in co-product systems: product-related burdens (Part 1)
    • Azapagic A., Clift R. Allocation of environmental burdens in co-product systems: product-related burdens (Part 1). Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 1999, 4:357-369.
    • (1999) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. , vol.4 , pp. 357-369
    • Azapagic, A.1    Clift, R.2
  • 8
    • 84952975305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ball, Recycling Retrieved on 2014-03-20
    • Ball. Recycling, 2014. Retrieved on 2014-03-20 from http://www.ball-europe.com/Recycling.htm.
    • (2014)
  • 9
    • 85018056851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sustainability story. Retrieved on 15-01-2015
    • BCME, 2015. The sustainability story. Retrieved on 15-01-2015 from http://www.canmakers.co.uk/the-can/the-sustainability-story.
    • (2015)
  • 12
    • 60649094367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specification for the Assessment of the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Goods and Services
    • BSI, British Standards Institution, London, UK. PAS 2050
    • BSI. PAS 2050, 2011. Specification for the Assessment of the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Goods and Services. BSI, British Standards Institution, London, UK.
    • (2011)
  • 13
    • 84952975779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of recycling and allocation methods for paper
    • SCA, Global Hygiene Category, Environment & Product Safety, Göteborg, Sweden, 2014
    • Cederstrand, P., Riise, E., Uihlein, A., 2014. Evaluation of recycling and allocation methods for paper. SCA, Global Hygiene Category, Environment & Product Safety, Göteborg, Sweden, 2014. p. 36.
    • (2014) , pp. 36
    • Cederstrand, P.1    Riise, E.2    Uihlein, A.3
  • 14
    • 84952989296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Simple Wish. A Better Tomorrow. Sustainability report 2013. Retrieved on 2014-03-21
    • Crown. A Simple Wish. A Better Tomorrow. Sustainability report 2013. Retrieved on 2014-03-21 from < 2014. http://www.crowncork.com/sustainability/executive-summaries>.
    • (2014)
    • Crown1
  • 15
    • 67349184335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental evaluation of aluminium cans for beverages in the German context
    • Detzel A., Mönckert J. Environmental evaluation of aluminium cans for beverages in the German context. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2009, 14:70-79.
    • (2009) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. , vol.14 , pp. 70-79
    • Detzel, A.1    Mönckert, J.2
  • 16
    • 77956454851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metals recycling maps and allocation procedures in life cycle assessment
    • Dubreuil A., Young S., Atherton J., Gloria T. Metals recycling maps and allocation procedures in life cycle assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2010, 15:621-634.
    • (2010) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. , vol.15 , pp. 621-634
    • Dubreuil, A.1    Young, S.2    Atherton, J.3    Gloria, T.4
  • 17
    • 84952986173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LCI datasets. Recycling of End of Life Aluminium Products
    • European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium.
    • EAA, 2010. LCI datasets. Recycling of End of Life Aluminium Products. European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium.
    • (2010)
  • 18
    • 84952976796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aluminium use Europe
    • European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium
    • EAA, 2011. Aluminium use Europe. County profiles 2007-2010. European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium; 2011. p. 27.
    • (2011) County profiles 2007-2010 , vol.2011 , pp. 27
  • 19
    • 46749144280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Press Release
    • Two out of Three Aluminium Beverage Cans Recycled in Europe! European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium, 2012
    • EAA, 2012. Press Release. Two out of Three Aluminium Beverage Cans Recycled in Europe! European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium, 2012. p. 3.
    • (2012) , pp. 3
  • 20
    • 84920166994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aluminium Recycling in LCA
    • European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium
    • EAA. Aluminium Recycling in LCA. European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium, 2013a. p. 8.
    • (2013) , pp. 8
  • 21
    • 67349252872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental profile report for the European aluminium industry. April 2013 - data for the year 2010
    • European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium
    • EAA, 2013b. Environmental profile report for the European aluminium industry. April 2013 - data for the year 2010. Life Cycle Inventory Data for Aluminium Production and Transformation Processes in Europe. European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium. p. 78.
    • (2013) Life Cycle Inventory Data for Aluminium Production and Transformation Processes in Europe , pp. 78
  • 22
    • 84952977660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recycled content" vs "End-of-life recycling rate
    • European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium
    • EAA, 2013c. "Recycled content" vs "End-of-life recycling rate". European Aluminium Association, Brussels, Belgium. p. 2.
    • (2013) , pp. 2
  • 23
    • 84859852715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aluminium recycling in Europe. The Road to high quality products
    • European Aluminium Association and Organisation of European Aluminium Refiners and Remelters, Brussels, Belgium.
    • EAA and OEA, 2004. Aluminium recycling in Europe. The Road to high quality products. European Aluminium Association and Organisation of European Aluminium Refiners and Remelters, Brussels, Belgium.
    • (2004)
  • 24
    • 78049421132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook - General guide for Life Cycle Assessment - Detailed guidance. First edition March 2010
    • European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Environment and Sustainability. Publication office of European Union, Luxemborg.
    • EC-JRC, 2010. International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook - General guide for Life Cycle Assessment - Detailed guidance. First edition March 2010. European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Environment and Sustainability. Publication office of European Union, Luxemborg.
    • (2010)
  • 25
    • 84952975852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) Guide to the Commission Recommendation on the use of common methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations
    • European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy.
    • EC-JRC, 2012. Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) Guide to the Commission Recommendation on the use of common methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations. European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy.
    • (2012)
  • 26
    • 84892620036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex II: Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) Guide to the Commission Recommandation on the use of common methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations
    • European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Brussels.
    • EC-JRC, 2013. Annex II: Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) Guide to the Commission Recommandation on the use of common methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations. European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Brussels.
    • (2013)
  • 27
    • 58949091651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecoinvent Data v 2.2. Final Reports Ecoinvent 2010
    • Swiss centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf:.
    • Ecoinvent Centre, 2010. Ecoinvent Data v 2.2. Final Reports Ecoinvent 2010. Swiss centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf:.
    • (2010)
  • 28
    • 0032645005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key methodological issues for life cycle inventory analysis of paper recycling
    • Ekvall T. Key methodological issues for life cycle inventory analysis of paper recycling. J. Clean. Prod. 1999, 7:281-294.
    • (1999) J. Clean. Prod. , vol.7 , pp. 281-294
    • Ekvall, T.1
  • 29
    • 0035372618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allocation in ISO 14041-a critical review
    • Ekvall T., Finnveden G. Allocation in ISO 14041-a critical review. J. Clean. Prod. 2001, 9:197-208.
    • (2001) J. Clean. Prod. , vol.9 , pp. 197-208
    • Ekvall, T.1    Finnveden, G.2
  • 30
    • 0001009515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-loop recycling: criteria for allocation procedures
    • Ekvall T., Tillman A.-M. Open-loop recycling: criteria for allocation procedures. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 1997, 2:155-162.
    • (1997) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. , vol.2 , pp. 155-162
    • Ekvall, T.1    Tillman, A.-M.2
  • 31
    • 84952986141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to boost plastics recycling and increase resource efficiency? Strategy paper of plastics recyclers Europe
    • European Plastic Converters, Brussels
    • EuPC, 2012. How to boost plastics recycling and increase resource efficiency? Strategy paper of plastics recyclers Europe. European Plastic Converters, Brussels. p. 20.
    • (2012) , pp. 20
  • 32
    • 85018072259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation (EC) No. 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and the Council of 27 October 2004 on Materials and Articles Intended to Come into Contact with Food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC. L 338/4
    • European Commission, 2004. Regulation (EC) No. 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and the Council of 27 October 2004 on Materials and Articles Intended to Come into Contact with Food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC. L 338/4, vol. 47. Off. J. Eur. Union. p. 14.
    • (2004) Off. J. Eur. Union. , vol.47 , pp. 14
  • 33
    • 85018071223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 19 November 2008 on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives
    • European Commission, 2008. Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 19 November 2008 on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives. L312: Off. J. Eur. Union.
    • (2008) L312: Off. J. Eur. Union.
  • 34
    • 84952976896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Material Resources and Waste - 2012 Update. The European Environment
    • State and outlook 2010 (SOER 2010). Publications Office of the European Union, Luxemborg.
    • European Environment Agency, 2010. Material Resources and Waste - 2012 Update. The European Environment. State and outlook 2010 (SOER 2010). Publications Office of the European Union, Luxemborg.
    • (2010)
  • 35
    • 84905510912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle assessment of a packaging waste recycling system in Portugal
    • Ferreira S., Cabral M., da Cruz N.F., Simões P., Marques R.C. Life cycle assessment of a packaging waste recycling system in Portugal. Waste Manage. 2014, 34:1725-1735.
    • (2014) Waste Manage. , vol.34 , pp. 1725-1735
    • Ferreira, S.1    Cabral, M.2    da Cruz, N.F.3    Simões, P.4    Marques, R.C.5
  • 36
    • 84924808828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life Cycle Assessment
    • Elsevier Inc., Academic Press
    • Finnveden G., Potting J. Life Cycle Assessment. Encyclopedia of Toxicology 2014, vol. 3:74-77. Elsevier Inc., Academic Press. third ed.
    • (2014) Encyclopedia of Toxicology , vol.3 , pp. 74-77
    • Finnveden, G.1    Potting, J.2
  • 39
    • 77956883401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LCI modelling approaches applied on recycling of materials in view of environmental sustainability, risk perception and eco-efficiency
    • Frischknecht R. LCI modelling approaches applied on recycling of materials in view of environmental sustainability, risk perception and eco-efficiency. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2010, 15:666-671.
    • (2010) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. , vol.15 , pp. 666-671
    • Frischknecht, R.1
  • 40
  • 41
    • 81255164756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving aluminum recycling: a survey of sorting and impurity removal technologies
    • Gaustad G., Olivetti E., Kirchain R. Improving aluminum recycling: a survey of sorting and impurity removal technologies. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2012, 58:79-87.
    • (2012) Resour. Conserv. Recycl. , vol.58 , pp. 79-87
    • Gaustad, G.1    Olivetti, E.2    Kirchain, R.3
  • 43
    • 34249667146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allocation and 'what-if' scenarios in life cycle assessment of waste management systems
    • Heijungs R., Guinée J.B. Allocation and 'what-if' scenarios in life cycle assessment of waste management systems. Waste Manage. 2007, 27:997-1005.
    • (2007) Waste Manage. , vol.27 , pp. 997-1005
    • Heijungs, R.1    Guinée, J.B.2
  • 44
    • 84904259217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General programme instructions for the international EPD system. 2.01EPD
    • EPD International AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    • International EPD System, 2013. General programme instructions for the international EPD system. 2.01EPD. EPD International AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    • (2013)
  • 45
    • 84952989282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO/TR 14049
    • Technical report. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Examples of application of ISO 14041 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis. First edition 2000-03-15. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.
    • ISO, 2000. ISO/TR 14049. Technical report. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Examples of application of ISO 14041 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis. First edition 2000-03-15. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (2000)
  • 46
    • 0003801290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO 14040 International Standard
    • In: Environmental management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and framework. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
    • ISO, 2006a. ISO 14040 International Standard. In: Environmental management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and framework. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
    • (2006)
  • 47
    • 84860288832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO 14044 International Standard
    • In: Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Requirements and Guidelines. International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
    • ISO, 2006b. ISO 14044 International Standard. In: Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Requirements and Guidelines. International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
    • (2006)
  • 48
    • 84952983619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kedel, Retrieved on 2014-06-20
    • Kedel. Recycled Plastic Wood, 2014. Retrieved on 2014-06-20 from <. http://www.kedel.co.uk/.
    • (2014)
  • 49
    • 84887165272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tackling the downcycling issue-a revised approach to value-corrected substitution in life cycle assessment of aluminum (VCS 2.0)
    • Koffler C., Florin J. Tackling the downcycling issue-a revised approach to value-corrected substitution in life cycle assessment of aluminum (VCS 2.0). Sustainability 2013, 5:4546-4560.
    • (2013) Sustainability , vol.5 , pp. 4546-4560
    • Koffler, C.1    Florin, J.2
  • 50
    • 84952983798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recycling products. Retrieved on 2014-06-20
    • Lankhorst, 2014. Recycling products. Retrieved on 2014-06-20 from http://www.lankhorst-recycling.com/nl.
    • (2014)
  • 51
    • 78649319944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plastic waste management in the context of a European recycling society: comparing results and uncertainties in a life cycle perspective
    • Lazarevic D., Aoustin E., Buclet N., Brandt N. Plastic waste management in the context of a European recycling society: comparing results and uncertainties in a life cycle perspective. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2010, 55:246-259.
    • (2010) Resour. Conserv. Recycl. , vol.55 , pp. 246-259
    • Lazarevic, D.1    Aoustin, E.2    Buclet, N.3    Brandt, N.4
  • 52
    • 84952981270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allocation in Recycling - Online LCA Forum discussion October 2007
    • 2.-0 LCA Consultants.
    • LCA Forum, 2007. Allocation in Recycling - Online LCA Forum discussion October 2007. 2.-0 LCA Consultants.
    • (2007)
  • 55
    • 84952978009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling of Recycling in LCA, Post-Consumer Waste Recycling and Optimal Production
    • In: Damanhuri, P.E. (Ed.), InTech.
    • Ligthart, T.N., Ansems, A.M.M., 2012. Modelling of Recycling in LCA, Post-Consumer Waste Recycling and Optimal Production. In: Damanhuri, P.E. (Ed.), InTech.
    • (2012)
    • Ligthart, T.N.1    Ansems, A.M.M.2
  • 57
    • 84877151916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing sustainability in the aluminium industry: a critical review of life cycle assessments
    • Liu G., Müller D.B. Addressing sustainability in the aluminium industry: a critical review of life cycle assessments. J. Clean. Prod. 2012, 35:108-117.
    • (2012) J. Clean. Prod. , vol.35 , pp. 108-117
    • Liu, G.1    Müller, D.B.2
  • 60
    • 55549143634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle assessment of waste paper management: the importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and incineration
    • Merrild H., Damgaard A., Christensen T.H. Life cycle assessment of waste paper management: the importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and incineration. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2008, 52:1391-1398.
    • (2008) Resour. Conserv. Recycl. , vol.52 , pp. 1391-1398
    • Merrild, H.1    Damgaard, A.2    Christensen, T.H.3
  • 63
    • 0032032990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit accounting methods for recycling in LCI
    • Newell S.A., Field F.R. Explicit accounting methods for recycling in LCI. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 1998, 22:31-45.
    • (1998) Resour. Conserv. Recycl. , vol.22 , pp. 31-45
    • Newell, S.A.1    Field, F.R.2
  • 64
    • 78651233851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carbon footprint and energy consumption of beverage packaging selection and disposal
    • Pasqualino J., Meneses M., Castells F. The carbon footprint and energy consumption of beverage packaging selection and disposal. J. Food Eng. 2011, 103:357-365.
    • (2011) J. Food Eng. , vol.103 , pp. 357-365
    • Pasqualino, J.1    Meneses, M.2    Castells, F.3
  • 65
    • 84952980134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life Cycle Assessment of Aluminum Beverage Cans
    • Boston, USA
    • PE Americas, 2010. Life Cycle Assessment of Aluminum Beverage Cans. Joint Venture of Five Winds and PE International, Boston, USA. p. 127.
    • (2010) Joint Venture of Five Winds and PE International , pp. 127
  • 66
    • 84952976244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General-Purpose Polystyrene (GPPS) and High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)
    • Eco-profiles and Environmental Product Declarations of the European Plastics Manufacturers. PlasticsEurope, Brussels.
    • PlasticsEurope, 2012. General-Purpose Polystyrene (GPPS) and High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS). Eco-profiles and Environmental Product Declarations of the European Plastics Manufacturers. PlasticsEurope, Brussels.
    • (2012)
  • 67
    • 84900793276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plastics - the Facts 2012
    • PlasticsEurope, European Plastics Converters, European Plastics Recyclers, and European Association of Plastics Recycling and Recovery Organisations, Brussels
    • PlasticsEurope, EuPC, EuPR, EPRO, 2012. Plastics - the Facts 2012. An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data for 2011. PlasticsEurope, European Plastics Converters, European Plastics Recyclers, and European Association of Plastics Recycling and Recovery Organisations, Brussels. p. 40.
    • (2012) An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data for 2011 , pp. 40
  • 68
    • 84952983126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current Resin Pricing, Commodity Thermoplastics, PS. Retrieved on 19.01.2015
    • PlasticsNews, 2015. Current Resin Pricing, Commodity Thermoplastics, PS. Retrieved on 19.01.2015 from http://www.plasticsnews.com/.
    • (2015)
  • 69
    • 84952984542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SimaPro 7.3. PRé Consultants, Amersfoort
    • PRé Consultants. SimaPro 7.3. PRé Consultants, Amersfoort, 2011.
    • (2011)
  • 70
    • 84952989749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LCA Discussion List.
    • PRé Consultants, 2013. LCA Discussion List.
    • (2013)
  • 71
  • 72
    • 84864843237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges in metal recycling
    • Reck B.K., Graedel T.E. Challenges in metal recycling. Science 2012, 337:690-695.
    • (2012) Science , vol.337 , pp. 690-695
    • Reck, B.K.1    Graedel, T.E.2
  • 73
    • 84952980191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cans and the circular economy
    • Retrieved on 2014.03.20
    • Rexam, 2014. Cans and the circular economy. Retrieved on 2014.03.20 from https://www.rexam.com/index.asp?pageid=904.
    • (2014)
    • Rexam1
  • 74
    • 84866899599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limits of Metal Recycling
    • Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, A. von Gleich, R. Ayres, S. Gößling-Reisemann (Eds.)
    • Rombach G. Limits of Metal Recycling. Sustainable Metals Management 2006, 295-312. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. A. von Gleich, R. Ayres, S. Gößling-Reisemann (Eds.).
    • (2006) Sustainable Metals Management , pp. 295-312
    • Rombach, G.1
  • 75
    • 77956939570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-loop recycling: a LCA case study of PET bottle-to-fibre recycling
    • Shen L., Worrell E., Patel M.K. Open-loop recycling: a LCA case study of PET bottle-to-fibre recycling. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2010, 55:34-52.
    • (2010) Resour. Conserv. Recycl. , vol.55 , pp. 34-52
    • Shen, L.1    Worrell, E.2    Patel, M.K.3
  • 76
    • 84952984580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Life-cycle of Steel
    • Retrieved on 22.07.2014
    • TATA Steel, 2014. The Life-cycle of Steel. Retrieved on 22.07.2014 from http://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/responsibility/steel_for_a_sustainable_future/the_life-cycle_of_steel/.
    • (2014)
  • 78
    • 84886284647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in LCA results for disposable polystyrene beverage cups due to multiple data sets and modelling choices
    • van der Harst E., Potting J. Variation in LCA results for disposable polystyrene beverage cups due to multiple data sets and modelling choices. Environ. Model. Softw. 2014, 51:123-135.
    • (2014) Environ. Model. Softw. , vol.51 , pp. 123-135
    • van der Harst, E.1    Potting, J.2
  • 79
    • 84904391069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple data sets and modelling choices in a comparative LCA of disposable beverage cups
    • van der Harst E., Potting J., Kroeze C. Multiple data sets and modelling choices in a comparative LCA of disposable beverage cups. Sci. Total Environ. 2014, 494-495:129-143.
    • (2014) Sci. Total Environ. , pp. 129-143
    • van der Harst, E.1    Potting, J.2    Kroeze, C.3
  • 80
    • 33744510923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation of recycled high-impact polystyrene. Simulation by reprocessing and thermo-oxidation
    • Vilaplana F., Ribes-Greus A., Karlsson S. Degradation of recycled high-impact polystyrene. Simulation by reprocessing and thermo-oxidation. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2006, 91:2163-2170.
    • (2006) Polym. Degrad. Stab. , vol.91 , pp. 2163-2170
    • Vilaplana, F.1    Ribes-Greus, A.2    Karlsson, S.3
  • 81
    • 84865090779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between LCA for analysis and LCA for policy: a case study on the consequences of allocation choices in bio-energy policies
    • Wardenaar T., Ruijven T., Beltran A., Vad K., Guinée J., Heijungs R. Differences between LCA for analysis and LCA for policy: a case study on the consequences of allocation choices in bio-energy policies. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2012, 17:1059-1067.
    • (2012) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. , vol.17 , pp. 1059-1067
    • Wardenaar, T.1    Ruijven, T.2    Beltran, A.3    Vad, K.4    Guinée, J.5    Heijungs, R.6
  • 82
    • 14644400819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market information in life cycle assessment
    • Environmental Project No. 863. Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen, 2003.
    • Weidema, B.P., 2003. Market information in life cycle assessment. In: Environmental Project No. 863. Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen, 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Weidema, B.P.1
  • 83
    • 77954502582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoiding allocation in life cycle assessment revisited
    • Weidema B.P., Schmidt J.H. Avoiding allocation in life cycle assessment revisited. J. Ind. Ecol. 2010, 14:192-195.
    • (2010) J. Ind. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 192-195
    • Weidema, B.P.1    Schmidt, J.H.2
  • 84
    • 0034002223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic allocation in LCA: a case study about aluminium window frames
    • Werner F., Richter K. Economic allocation in LCA: a case study about aluminium window frames. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2000, 5:79-83.
    • (2000) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. , vol.5 , pp. 79-83
    • Werner, F.1    Richter, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.