Using confocal analysis of xenopus laevis to investigate modulators of Wnt and Shh morphogen gradients

Journal of Visualized Experiments

Volumn 2015, Issue 106, 2015, Pages

  Fellgett, Simon W ^a   Ramsbottom, Simon A ^b   Maguire, Richard J ^a   Cross, Stephen ^c   O’Toole, Peter ^d   Pownall, Mary E ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cell signalling; Developmental Biology; Developmental biology; GFP; Hedgehog; Issue 106; Patterning; RFP; Secreted ligands; Wingless

Indexed keywords

LIGAND; MESSENGER RNA; SHH PROTEIN, XENOPUS; SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN; WNT PROTEIN; XENOPUS PROTEIN;

ANIMAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; ECTODERM; FEMALE; GENETICS; MALE; METABOLISM; PROCEDURES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

ANIMALS; ECTODERM; FEMALE; HEDGEHOG PROTEINS; LIGANDS; MALE; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; RNA, MESSENGER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; WNT PROTEINS; XENOPUS LAEVIS; XENOPUS PROTEINS;

EID: 84952815318     PISSN: 1940087X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3791/53162     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Shen, M. M. Nodal signaling: developmental roles and regulation. Development. 134 (6), 1023-34, (2007).
2. Shimmi, O. and Newfeld, S. J. New insights into extracellular and post-translational regulation of TGF-beta family signalling pathways. J Biochem. 154 (1), 11-9, (2013).
3. Pownall, M. E. and Isaacs, H. V. FGF Signalling in Vertebrate Development. Colloquium Series on Developmental Biology. 1, 1-75, (2010).
4. Clevers, H. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in development and disease. Cell. 127 (3), 469-80, (2006).
5. Ingham, P. W. and McMahon, A. P. Hedgehog signaling in animal development: paradigms and principles. Genes and Development. 15 (23), 3059-87, (2001).
6. Wolpert, L. One hundred years of positional information. Trends in Genetics. 12 (9), 359-64, (1996).
7. Rushlow, C. A. and Shvartsman, S. Y. Temporal dynamics, spatial range, and transcriptional interpretation of the Dorsal morphogen gradient. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development. 22 (6), 542-6, (2012).
8. Erickson, J. L. Formation and maintenance of morphogen gradients: an essential role for the endomembrane system in Drosophila melanogaster wing development. Fly (Austin). 5 (3), 266-71, (2011).
9. Towers, M., Wolpert, L. and Tickle, C. Gradients of signalling in the developing limb. Current Opinions in Cell Biology. 24 (2), 181-7, (2012).
10. Dessaud, E., McMahon, A. P. and Briscoe, J. Pattern formation in the vertebrate neural tube: a sonic hedgehog morphogen-regulated transcriptional network. Development. 135 (15), 2489-503, (2008).
11. Briscoe, J., et al. Homeobox gene Nkx2.2 and specification of neuronal identity by graded Sonic hedgehog signalling. Nature. 398 (6728), 622-7, (1999).
12. Ribes, V., et al. Distinct Sonic Hedgehog signaling dynamics specify floor plate and ventral neuronal progenitors in the vertebrate neural tube. Genes and Development. 24 (11), 1186-200, (2010).
13. Freeman, S. D., Moore, W. M., Guiral, E. C., Holme, A., Turnbull, J. E. and Pownall, M. E. Extracellular regulation of developmental cell signaling by XtSulf1. Developmental Biology. 320 (2), 436-445, (2008).
14. Tao, Q., et al. Maternal wnt11 activates the canonical wnt signaling pathway required for axis formation in Xenopus embryos. Cell. 120 (6), 857-71, (2005).
15. Chamberlain, C. E., Jeong, J., Guo, C., Allen, B. L. and McMahon, A. P. Notochord-derived Shh concentrates in close association with the apically positioned basal body in neural target cells and forms a dynamic gradient during neural patterning. Development. 135 (6), 1097-106, (2008).
16. Ramsbottom, S. A., Maguire, R. J., Fellgett, S. W. and Pownall, M. E. Sulf1 influences the Shh morphogen gradient during the dorsal ventral patterning of the neural tube in Xenopus tropicalis. Developmental Biology. 391 (2), 207-18, (2014).
17. Fellgett, S.W., Maguire, R.J. and Pownall, M.E. Sulf1 has ligand dependent effects on canonical and non-canonical WNT signalling. Journal of Cell Science. 128 (7), 1408-1421 (2015).
18. Dytham, C. Choosing and using statistics : A biologist's guide. Oxford: Blackwell publishing (2005).
19. Fay, M. P. and Proschan, M. A. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney or t-test? On assumptions for hypothesis tests and multiple interpretations of decision rules. Statistical Surveys. 4, 1-39, (2010).
20. Christian, J. L., McMahon, J. A., McMahon, A. P. and Moon, R. T. Xwnt-8, a Xenopus Wnt-1 /int-1-related gene responsive to mesoderminducing growth factors, may play a role in ventral mesodermal patterning during embryogenesis. Development. 111 (4), 1045-1055 (1991).
21. Du, S. J., Purcell, S. M., Christian, J. L., McGrew, L. L. and Moon, R. T. Identification of distinct classes and functional domains of Wnts through expression of wild-type and chimeric proteins in Xenopus embryos. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (5), 2625-34, (1995).
22. Tada, M. and Smith, J. C. Xwnt11 is a target of Xenopus Brachyury: regulation of gastrulation movements via Dishevelled, but not through the canonical Wnt pathway. Development. 127 (10), 2227-38 (2000).
23. Williams, P. H., Hagemann, A., Gonzalez-Gaitan, M. and Smith, J. C. Visualizing long-range movement of the morphogen Xnr2 in the Xenopus embryo. Current Biology. 14 (21), 1916-23, (2004).
24. McDowell, N., Zorn, A. M., Crease, D. J. and Gurdon, J. B. Activin has direct long-range signalling activity and can form a concentration gradient by diffusion. Current Biology. 7 (9), 671-81, (1997).
25. Chen, Y. and Schier, A. F. The zebrafish Nodal signal Squint functions as a morphogen. Nature. 411 (6837), 607-10, (2001).
26. Miller, J. R., Rowning, B. A., Larabell, C. A., Yang-Snyder, J. A., Bates, R. L. and Moon, R. T. Establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis in Xenopus embryos coincides with the dorsal enrichment of dishevelled that is dependent on cortical rotation. Journal of Cell Biology. 146 (2), 427-37, (1999).
27. Schohl, A. and Fagotto, F. Beta-catenin, MAPK and Smad signaling during early Xenopus development. Development. 129 (1), 37-52, (2002).
28. Muller, P., et al. Differential diffusivity of Nodal and Lefty underlies a reaction-diffusion patterning system. Science. 336 721-724 (2012).
29. Yu, S. R., Burkhardt, M., Nowak, M., Ries, J., Petrasek, Z., Scholpp, S., Schwille, P., Brand, M. Fgf8 morphogen gradient forms by a sourcesink mechanism with freely diffusing molecules Nature. 461, 533-536, (2009).
30. Janda, C.Y., Waghray, D., Levin, A.M., Thomas, C., Garcia, K.C. Structural basis of Wnt recognition by Frizzled Science. 337, 59-64, (2012).
31. Sive, H. L., Grainger, R. M., Harland, R. M. Early development of Xenopus laevis: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. (2010).