Maternal cortisol and stress are associated with birth outcomes, but are not affected by lipid-based nutrient supplements during pregnancy: An analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Stewart, Christine P ^a   Oaks, Brietta M ^a   Laugero, Kevin D ^b   Ashorn, Ulla ^b   Harjunmaa, Ulla ^b   Kumwenda, Chiza ^c   Chaima, David ^c   Maleta, Kenneth ^c   Ashorn, Per ^b,d   Dewey, Kathryn G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI   (Malawi)

^d TAMPERE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

Author keywords

Birth weigh; Cortisol; Malawi; Multiple micronutrient supplements; Pregnancy; Preterm birth; Stress; tLipid based nutrient supplements

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; CALCIUM; COPPER; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FAT; FOLIC ACID; HYDROCORTISONE; IODINE; IRON; LINOLEIC ACID; LIPID; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; NICOTINIC ACID; PANTOTHENIC ACID; PHOSPHORUS; PROTEIN; PYRIDOXINE; RETINOL; RIBOFLAVIN; SELENIUM; THIAMINE; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN K GROUP; ZINC; TRACE ELEMENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIRTH WEIGHT; BODY HEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; HUMAN; MALAWI; MATERNAL STRESS; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PRENATAL GROWTH; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RURAL AREA; SALIVA ANALYSIS; SELF REPORT; ULTRASOUND; ADOLESCENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIETARY SUPPLEMENT; DRUG EFFECTS; MATERNAL NUTRITION; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; NEWBORN; PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL; PREGNANCY; RURAL POPULATION; STANDARDS; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BIRTH WEIGHT; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; FEMALE; FOLIC ACID; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; INFANT, NEWBORN; IRON; MALAWI; MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; MICRONUTRIENTS; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY; RURAL POPULATION; SELF REPORT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84951841810     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712393     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0793-8     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, de Onis M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):427-51. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X.
2. Christian P, Lee SE, Donahue Angel M, Adair LS, Arifeen SE, Ashorn P, et al. Risk of childhood undernutrition related to small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(5):1340-55. doi:10.1093/ije/dyt109.
3. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, Chou D, Moller AB, Narwal R, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2162-72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60820-4.
4. Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2151-61. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60560-1.
5. WHO. Causes of child mortality. 2013. http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/causes/en/. Accessed 11 Nov 2014.
6. Romero R, Dey SK, Fisher SJ. Preterm labor: one syndrome, many causes. Science. 2014;345(6198):760-5. doi:10.1126/science.1251816.
7. Christian P. Micronutrients, birth weight, and survival. Annu Rev Nutr. 2010;30:83-104. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104813.
8. Institute of Medicine. Improving Birth Outcomes: Meeting the Challenge of the Developing World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2003.
9. Fall CH, Fisher DJ, Osmond C, Margetts BM. Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in low-income countries: a meta-analysis of effects on birth size and length of gestation. Food Nutr Bull. 2009;30(4):S533-46.
10. West Jr KP, Shamim AA, Mehra S, Labrique AB, Ali H, Shaikh S, et al. Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient vs iron-folic acid supplementation on infant mortality and adverse birth outcomes in rural Bangladesh: the JiVitA-3 randomized trial. JAMA. 2014;312(24):2649-58. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.16819.
11. WHO. Guideline: Calcium supplementation in pregnant women. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
12. Hess SY, King JC. Effects of maternal zinc supplementation on pregnancy and lactation outcomes. Food Nutr Bull. 2009;30(1 Suppl):S60-78.
13. Huybregts L, Roberfroid D, Lanou H, Menten J, Meda N, Van Camp J, et al. Prenatal food supplementation fortified with multiple micronutrients increases birth length: a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(6):1593-600. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28253.
14. Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Ashorn P, Zeilani M, Peerson JM, et al. Lipid-based nutrient supplement increases the birth size of infants of primiparous women in Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(4):835-46. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.091546.
15. Ashorn P, Alho L, Ashorn U, Cheung YB, Dewey KG, Harjunmaa U, et al. The impact of lipid-based nutrient supplement provision to pregnant women on newborn size in rural Malawi: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(2):387-97. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.088617.
16. Shapiro GD, Fraser WD, Frasch MG, Seguin JR. Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and preterm birth: associations and mechanisms. J Perinatal Med. 2013;41(6):631-45. doi:10.1515/jpm-2012-0295.
17. Giurgescu C. Are maternal cortisol levels related to preterm birth? J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2009;38(4):377-90. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01034.x.
18. Voltolini C, Petraglia F. Neuroendocrinology of pregnancy and parturition. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;124:17-36. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59602-4.00002-2.
19. Smith R, Paul J, Maiti K, Tolosa J, Madsen G. Recent advances in understanding the endocrinology of human birth. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012;23(10):516-23. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2012.05.002.
20. Sandman CA, Glynn L, Schetter CD, Wadhwa P, Garite T, Chicz-DeMet A, et al. Elevated maternal cortisol early in pregnancy predicts third trimester levels of placental corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH): priming the placental clock. Peptides. 2006;27(6):1457-63. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.10.002. S0196-9781(05)00470-5.
21. Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Endocrine interactions in the control of fetal growth. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2013;74:91-102. doi:10.1159/000348417.
22. Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Vaughan OR, Forhead AJ, Fowden AL. Hormonal and nutritional drivers of intrauterine growth. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013;16(3):298-309. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835e3643.
23. Bolt RJ, van Weissenbruch MM, Lafeber HN. Delemarre-van de Waal HA. Glucocorticoids and lung development in the fetus and preterm infant. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001;32(1):76-91.
24. Christian P, Stewart CP. Maternal Micronutrient Deficiency, Fetal Development, and the Risk of Chronic Disease. J Nutr. 2010;140(3):437-45.
25. Moisiadis VG, Matthews SG. Glucocorticoids and fetal programming part 1: Outcomes. Nature Rev Endocrinol. 2014;10(7):391-402. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2014.73.
26. Kalantaridou SN, Zoumakis E, Makrigiannakis A, Lavasidis LG, Vrekoussis T, Chrousos GP. Corticotropin-releasing hormone, stress and human reproduction: an update. J Reproduct Immunol. 2010;85(1):33-9. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2010.02.005.
27. Coussons-Read ME, Okun ML, Nettles CD. Psychosocial stress increases inflammatory markers and alters cytokine production across pregnancy. Brain Behav Immun. 2007;21(3):343-50. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.08.006.
28. Coussons-Read ME, Okun ML, Schmitt MP, Giese S. Prenatal stress alters cytokine levels in a manner that may endanger human pregnancy. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(4):625-31. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000170331.74960.ad.
29. Davis EP, Sandman CA. The timing of prenatal exposure to maternal cortisol and psychosocial stress is associated with human infant cognitive development. Child Dev. 2010;81(1):131-48. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01385.x.
30. Moisiadis VG, Matthews SG. Glucocorticoids and fetal programming part 2: Mechanisms. Nature Rev Endocrinol. 2014;10(7):403-11. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2014.74.
31. Gitau R, Cameron A, Fisk NM, Glover V. Fetal exposure to maternal cortisol. Lancet. 1998;352(9129):707-8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60824-0.
32. Lesage J, Blondeau B, Grino M, Breant B, Dupouy JP. Maternal undernutrition during late gestation induces fetal overexposure to glucocorticoids and intrauterine growth retardation, and disturbs the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in the newborn rat. Endocrinology. 2001;142(5):1692-702. doi:10.1210/endo.142.5.8139.
33. Rosario JF, Anbu Gomez P, Patrick Gomez M. Does the maternal micronutrient deficiency (Cu or Zn or Vit E) modulate the expression of placental 11 beta hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase and per se predispose the offspring to insulin resistance and hypertension in later life? Pediatr Res. 2005;58(5):1035.
34. Tomiyama AJ, Mann T, Vinas D, Hunger JM, Dejager J, Taylor SE. Low calorie dieting increases cortisol. Psychosom Med. 2010;72(4):357-64. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d9523c.
35. Friedl KE, Moore RJ, Hoyt RW, Marchitelli LJ, Martinez-Lopez LE, Askew EW. Endocrine markers of semistarvation in healthy lean men in a multistressor environment. J Applied Physiol. 2000;88(5):1820-30.
36. Fernald LC, Grantham-McGregor SM. Stress response in school-age children who have been growth retarded since early childhood. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(3):691-8.
37. Fernald LC, Grantham-McGregor SM. Growth retardation is associated with changes in the stress response system and behavior in school-aged Jamaican children. J Nutr. 2002;132(12):3674-9.
38. Fernald LC, Grantham-McGregor SM, Manandhar DS, Costello A. Salivary cortisol and heart rate in stunted and nonstunted Nepalese school children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(11):1458-65. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601710.
39. Christian P, Nanayakkara-Bind A, Schulze K, Wu L, LeClerq SC, Khatry SK. Antenatal micronutrient supplementation and third trimester cortisol and erythropoietin concentrations. Matern Child Nutr. 2014. doi:10.1111/mcn.12138.
40. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385-96.
41. Rondo PH, Ferreira RF, Nogueira F, Ribeiro MC, Lobert H, Artes R. Maternal psychological stress and distress as predictors of low birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(2):266-72. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601526.
42. Beard JL, Hendricks MK, Perez EM, Murray-Kolb LE, Berg A, Vernon-Feagans L, et al. Maternal iron deficiency anemia affects postpartum emotions and cognition. J Nutr. 2005;135(2):267-72.
43. Coates J, Swindale A, Bilinsky P. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide. Washington, DC: Academy for Educational Development, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project (FANTA)2007; 2007.
44. Vyas S, Kumaranayake L. Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy Plan. 2006;21(6):459-68. doi:10.1093/heapol/czl029. czl029.
45. Alexander GR, Himes JH, Kaufman RB, Mor J, Kogan M. A United States national reference for fetal growth. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87(2):163-8.
46. Schafer JL. Multiple imputation: a primer. Stat Methods Med Res. 1999;8(1):3-15.
47. Huybregts L, Roberfroid D, Lanou H, Meda N, Taes Y, Valea I, et al. Prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplements increase cord leptin concentration in pregnant women from rural Burkina Faso. J Nutr. 2013;143(5):576-83. doi:10.3945/jn.112.171181.
48. Roberfroid D, Huybregts L, Lanou H, Henry MC, Meda N, Kolsteren FP, et al. Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplements on cord blood hormones: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(6):1649-58. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28855.
49. Christian P, Khatry SK, Katz J, Pradhan EK, LeClerq SC, Shrestha SR. Effects of alternative maternal micronutrient supplements on low birth weight in rural Nepal: double blind randomised community trial. BMJ. 2003;326(7389):571.
50. Oaks BM, Laugero KD, Stewart CP, Adu-Afarwuah SM, Lartey A, Ashorn P, et al. Late pregnancy salivary cortisol concentrations of Ghanaian women participating in a randomized controlled trial of prenatal lipid based nutrient supplements. J Nutr. 2016 (in press).
51. Bellavance MA, Rivest S. The HPA - Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain. Front Immunol. 2014;5:136. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00136.
52. de Weerth C, Buitelaar JK. Physiological stress reactivity in human pregnancy--a review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005;29(2):295-312. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.10.005.
53. Kudielka BM, Gierens A, Hellhammer DH, Wust S, Schlotz W. Salivary cortisol in ambulatory assessment--some dos, some don'ts, and some open questions. Psychosom Med. 2012;74(4):418-31. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31825434c7.