Schlieren visualization of a GDI spray impacting on a heated wall: Non-vaporizing and vaporizing evolutions

Energy

Volumn 108, Issue , 2016, Pages 93-98

  Allocca, L ^a   Lazzaro, M ^a   Meccariello, G ^a   Montanaro, A ^a  

^a ISTITUTO MOTORI CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

Air fuel mixture; Fuel injection; Image processing; Schlieren technique; Wall impingement

Indexed keywords

COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; ENGINES; FUEL INJECTION; FUELS; HIGH SPEED CAMERAS; IMAGE PROCESSING; LIQUIDS; OPTICAL DATA PROCESSING; STRATIFIED CHARGE ENGINES;

AIR FUEL MIXTURES; BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION; COMBUSTION CHAMBER WALLS; MULTIMODE OPERATIONS; PORT FUEL INJECTIONS; SCHLIEREN TECHNIQUES; SCHLIEREN VISUALIZATION; WALL IMPINGEMENT;

DIRECT INJECTION;

COMBUSTION; DATA PROCESSING; ENGINE; FLUID INJECTION; HOMOGENEITY; IMAGE PROCESSING; TEMPORAL RECORD; VAPORIZATION; VISUALIZATION;

EID: 84950253020     PISSN: 03605442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.107     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. [1] Nauwerck, A., Pfeil, J., Velji, A., Spicher, U., Richter, B., A basic experimental study of gasoline direct injection at significantly high injection pressures. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0098, 2005.
2. [2] Abart, M., Schmidt, S., Schoegl, O., Trattner, A., Kirchberger, R., Eichlseder, H., et al. Basic investigations on the prediction of spray-wall and spray-fluid interaction for a GDI combustion process. SAE Technical Paper 2010-32-0030, 2010.
3. [3] Karavalakis, G., Short, D., Vu, D., Russell, R.L., Asa-Awuku, A., Jung, H., et al. The impact of ethanol and iso-butanol blends on gaseous and particulate emissions from two passenger cars equipped with, spray-guided and wall-guided direct injection SI (spark ignition) engines. Energy 82 (2015), 168–179.
4. [4] Alfuso, S., Allocca, L., Greco, M., Montanaro, A., Valentino, G., Time and space characterization of multi-hole GDI sprays for IC engines by images processing and PDA techniques. 2008, ILASS ISBN 978-88-903712-0-2.
5. [5] Malaguti, S., Fontanesi, S., Cantore, G., Numerical characterization of a new high-pressure multi-hole GDI injector, ILASS – Europe. 23rd annual conference on liquid atomization and spray systems, 2010.
6. [6] Befrui, B., Corbinelli, G., D'Onofrio, M., Varble, D., GDI multi-hole injector internal flow and spray analysis. SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1211, 2011.
7. [7] A. Montanaro, U. Sorge, F. Catapano, B.M. Vaglieco, Multidimensional modelling of the in-cylinder processes in a GDI engine. 24th European modeling & simulation symposium, pp. 346–351, ISBN: 978-889799909-6.
8. [8] Costa, M., Marchitto, L., Merola, S.S., Sorge, U., Study of mixture formation and early flame development in a research GDI (gasoline direct injection) engine through numerical simulation and UV-digital imaging. Energy 77 (2014), 88–96.
9. [9] Pickett, L.M., Lòpez, J.J., Jet-wall interaction effects on diesel combustion and soot formation. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0921, 2005.
10. [10] Fujimoto, H., Hyun, G., Nogami, M., Hirakawa, K., Asai, T., Senda, J., Characteristics of free and impinging gas jets by means of image processing. SAE Technical Paper 970045, 1997.
11. [11] Stanton, D., Lippert, A., Reitz, R.D., Rutland, C.J., Influence of spray-wall interaction and fuel films on cold starting in direct injection diesel engines. SAE Technical Paper 982584, 1998.
12. [12] Park, C., Kim, S., Kim, H., Moriyoshi, Y., Stratified lean combustion characteristics of a spray-guided combustion system in a gasoline direct injection engine. Energy 41 (2012), 401–407.
13. [13] Allocca, L., Mancaruso, E., Montanaro, A., Sequino, L., Vaglieco, B.M., Evaluation of RME (rapeseed methyl ester) and mineral diesel fuels behaviour in quiescent vessel and EURO 5 engine. Energy 77 (2014), 783–790.
14. [14] Song, L., Abraham, J., The structure of wall-impinging jets: computed versus theoretical and measured results. ASME J Fluids Eng 125 (2003), 997–1005.
15. [15] Harshavardhan, B., Mallikarjuna, J.M., Effect of piston shape on in-cylinder flows and air-fuel interaction in a direct injection spark ignition engine – a CFD analysis. Energy 81 (2015), 361–372.
16. [16] Gottfried, C.S., Lee, C.J., Bell, K.J., The leidenfrost phenomenon: film boiling of liquid droplets on a flat plate. Int J Heat Mass Transf 9 (1966), 1167–1187.
17. [17] Malaguti, S., Fontanesi, S., Cantore, G., Allocca, L., Montanaro, A., Modelling of primary breakup of a gasoline direct engine multi-hole spray. Atomization Sprays 23:10 (2013), 861–888.
18. [18] Bosch, W., The fuel rate indicator: a new measuring instrument for display of the characteristics of individual injection. SAE Technical Paper 6607496, 1966.
19. [19] Soid, S.N., Zainal, Z.A., Spray and combustion characterization for internal combustion engines using optical measuring techniques – a review. Energy 36 (2011), 724–741.
20. [20] Mills, A.A., Fry, J.D., Rate of evaporation of hydrocarbons from a hot surface: nukiyama and leidenfrost temperatures. Eur J Phys 3 (1982), 152–154.
21. [21] Moita, A.S., Moreira, A.L., The interaction of fuel droplets with heated interposed surfaces in IC engines. SAE Technical Paper 2005-24-084, 2005, 10.4271/2005-24-084.
22. [22] Parrish, S.E., Zink, R.J., Development and application of an imaging system to evaluate liquid and vapor envelopes of spray from a multi-hole gasoline fuel injector operating under engine-like conditions. ILASS-Americas, 23rd annual conf., Ventura, CA, May 2011.
23. [23] Zhang, A., Montanaro, A., Allocca, L., Naber, J., Lee, S.-Y., Measurement of diesel spray formation and combustion upon different nozzle geometry using hybrid imaging technique. SAE Int J Engines 7:2 (2014), 1034–1043, 10.4271/2014-01-1410.
24. [24] Russ, John C., The image processing handbook. 2nd ed., 1995, CRC Press ISBN-0-8493-5216-1.
25. [25] AForge.NET C# framework, Andrew Kirillov, Release 2.2.5, July 17, 2013, www.aforgenet.com.
26. [26] Otsu, N., A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 9:1 (1979), 62–66.
27. [27] Arcoumanis, C., Whitelaw, D.S., Whitelaw, J.H., Gasoline injection against surfaces and films. Atomization Sprays 7 (1997), 437–456.
28. [28] Moreira, A.L.N., Oliveira Panaõ, M.R., Spray-wall impact, in handbook of atomization and sprays- theory and applications. Ashgriz, N., (eds.) Ch.21, 2011, 441–456.