African American families

African American Families

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-385

  Hattery, Angela Jean ^a   Smith, Earl ^a  

^a WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949938391     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781452225906     Document Type: Book

References (406)

1. Adelman, M., & Morgan, P. (2006). Law enforcement versus battered women: The conflict over the Lautenberg Amendment. Affilia, 21(1), 28-45. doi: 10.1177/0886109905279869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109905279869
2. Adelman, R. (2001). Beyond the ghetto: The black middle class and neighborhood attainment. Albany: SUNY Press.
3. Alan Guttmacher Institute. (1994). Sex and America’s teenagers. New York: Author.
4. Alan Guttmacher Institute. (1996). International comparisons of teen pregnancy rates. New York: Author.
5. Alan Guttmacher Institute. (2004). U.S. teenage pregnancy statistics: Overall trends, trends by race and ethnicity and state-by-state information. New York: Author.
6. Altman, L. K. (2004, February 11). New H.I.V. test identifies cases in college students. New York Times, p. 18.
7. American Cancer Society. (2006). Cancer facts & figures for African Americans, 2005-2006. Retrieved from: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/stt/stt_0.asp
8. Amott, T. L., & Matthaei, J. A. (1991). Race, gender, and work: A multicultural economic history of women in the United States. Boston: South End Press.
9. Anderson, E. (1990). Streetwise: Race, class, and change in an urban community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10. Anderson, S., Cavanagh, J., Hartman, C, & Leondar-Wright, B. (2001). Executive excess 2001: Layoffs, tax rebates and the gender gap. Washington, DC: Institute for Policy Studies and United for a Fair Economy.
11. Apel, D. (2004). Imagery of lynching: Black men, white women, and the mob. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
12. Arias, E. (2002). United States life tables, 2002 (National Vital Statistics Reports). Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr53/nvsr53_06.pdf
13. Bach, P. B., Pham, H. H., Schrag, D., Tate, R. C, & Hargraves, J. L. (2004). Primary care physicians who treat blacks and whites. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(6), 575-584. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa040609 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa040609
14. Baldwin, J. (1971). An open letter to my sister Angela Davis. In A. Y. Davis, R. Magee, the Soledad Brothers, & Other Political Prisoners (Ed.), If they come in the morning: Voices of resistance (pp. 19-23). New York: Third Press.
15. Baltzell, E. D. (1964). The Protestant establishment: Aristocracy & caste in America. New York: Random House.
16. Banfield, E. C. (1970). The unheavenly city: The nature and future of our urban crisis. Boston: Little, Brown.
17. Barnett, E. C. (2002). Starbucks admits its contractor uses prison labor. Michigan Citizen, 24(14), A7.
18. Barnshaw, J. (2005, April). The low down on the down low: Critical intersections in risk among the men who have sex with men (MSM) community. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Sociological Society, Charlotte, NC.
19. Barry, J. M. (1997). Rising tide: The great Mississippi flood of 1927 and how it changed America. New York: Simon & Schuster.
20. Becker, G. S. (1975). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (2nd ed.). New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
21. Begos, K., & Railey, J. (2002, December 9). Sign this or else: A young woman made a hard choice, and life has not been peaceful since. Winston-Salem Journal, p. 1.
22. Bennett, C. L., Horner, R. D., Weinstein, R. A., Dickenson, G. M., Dehovitz, J. A., Cohn, S. E., Kessler, H. A., Jacobson, J., Goetz, M. B., Simberkoff, M., Pitrak, D., George, W. L., Gilman, S. C., & Shapiro, M. F. (1995). Racial differences in care among hospitalized patients with pneymocystis carinii pneumonia in Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Miami, and Raleigh-Durham. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158, 2085-2090.
23. Bennett, L., Jr. (1987). Before the Mayflower: A history of black America, 1619-1962 (6th ed.). Chicago: Johnson.
24. Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2003). Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination. MIT Department of Economics Working Paper № 03-22 and NBER Working Paper #9873. doi: 10.3386/w9873 http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9873
25. Blassingame, J. (1979). The slave community. New York: Oxford University Press.
26. Blau, F. (1990). Black-white differences in wealth and asset composition. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105(2), 321-339. doi: 10.2307/2937789 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2937789
27. Block, F., Korteweg, A. C, & Woodward, K., with Schiller, Z., & Mazid, I. (2006). The compassion gap in American poverty policy. Contexts, 5(2), 14-20. doi: 10.1525/ctx.2006.5.2.14 http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2006.5.2.14
28. Bloom, B., & Steinhart, D. (1993). Why punish the children? A reappraisal of the children of incarcerated mothers in America. San Francisco: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.
29. Bocian, D. G., Ernst, K. S., & Wei, L. (2006). Unfair lending: The effect of race and ethnicity on the price of subprime mortgages [Report]. Durham, NC: Center for Responsible Lending.
30. Boger, J. C, & Orfield, G. (2005). School resegregation: Must the South turn back? Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. doi: 10.5149/uncp/9780807856130 http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/uncp/9780807856130
31. Bogle, D. (1973). Toms, coons, mulattoes, mammies, and bucks: An interpretive history of blacks in American films. New York: Viking Press.
32. Bonilla-Silva, E. (2001). White supremacy and racism in the post-civil rights era. Denver, CO: Lynne Reinner.
33. Bonilla-Silva, E. (2003). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
34. Bowen, W. G., & Bok, D. (1998). The shape of the river. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
35. Boyer, D., & Fine, D. (1992). Sexual abuse as a factor in adolescent pregnancy and child maltreatment. Family Planning Perspectives, 24, 11-19. doi: 10.2307/2135718 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2135718
36. Brady, E. (2006, April 7). Duke lacrosse allegations fit mold. USA Today, p. 10-C.
37. Bragg, R. (1999). Jasper trial defendant says Byrd’s throat was cut. San Antonio Express-News, p. 1A.
38. Britton, D. (2004). When sameness is difference: Prisons, gender and justice. Women, Girls & Criminal Justice, 5(6), 69-84.
39. Brooks, D. (2006, January 1). The year of domesticity. New York Times, p. A10.
40. Browne, A. (1987). When battered women kill. New York: Free Press.
41. Brownmiller, S. (1975). Against our will: Men, women, and rape. New York: Simon & Schuster.
42. Brush, L. D. (2001). Poverty, battering, race, and welfare reform: Black-white differences in women’s welfare-to-work transitions. Journal of Poverty, 5, 67-89. doi: 10.1300/J134v05n01_04 http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J134v05n01_04
43. Brush, L. D., Raphael, J., & Tolman, R. (2003). Effects of work on hitting and hurting. Violence Against Women, 9(10), 1213-1230. doi: 10.1177/1077801203255848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801203255848
44. Bryant, Z., & Coleman, M. (1988). The black family as portrayed in introductory marriage and family textbooks. Family Relations, 37(3), 255-259. doi: 10.2307/584558 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/584558
45. Bullard, R. D. (1990). Dumping in Dixie: Race, class, and environmental quality. Boulder, CO: Westview.
46. Bumpass, L., & Sweet, J. (1989). Children’s experience in single-parent families: Implications of cohabitation and marital transitions. Family Planning Perspectives, 21(6), 256-260. doi: 10.2307/2135378 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2135378
47. Buncombe, A. (2005, September 16). US poultry giant under fire after segregation scandal is revealed. The Independent (London), p. 29.
48. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1995). Special report: Violence against women: Estimates from the redesigned survey (№ NCJ-154348). Washington, DC: Author.
49. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2003a). Intimate partner violence, 1993-2001. Washington, DC: Author.
50. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2003b). Percent distribution of single-offender victimizations, based on race of victims, by type of crime and perceived race of offender (Table 42). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/sheets/cvsprshts.htm
51. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2004). Census of fatal occupational injuries. Washington, DC: Author.
52. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (n.d.). Criminal offenders statistics. Retrieved from: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/crimoff.htm
53. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2005a). Employment and unemployment by race and gender. Washington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
54. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2005b). Occupational segregation by race. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from: http://www.bls.gov/Table10
55. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2005c). Occupations by sex. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from: http://www.bls.gov/Table9
56. Burton, L. M. (1990). Teenage childbearing as an alternative life-course strategy in multigeneration black families. Human Nature, 1(2), 123-143. doi: 10.1007/BF02692149 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02692149
57. Butterfield, F. (2004, May 8). Mistreatment of prisoners is called routine in U.S. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/08/national/08PRIS.html?ex=1399348800&en=bea18d005140f198&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND
58. Callis, R. R., & Cavanaugh, L. B. (2006). Census Bureau reports on residential vacancies and homeownership. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
59. Cameron, S. V., & Heckman, J. (1993). Determinants of young male schooling and training choices (NBER Working Paper № 4327): Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
60. Campbell, D. W., Sharps, P. W., Gary, F. A., Campbell, J. C, & Lopez, L. M. (2002). Intimate partner violence in African American women. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 7(1), 5.
61. Carlos, E., & Chamberlain, R. (2004). The black-white perception gap and health disparities. Public Health Nursing, 21, 372-379. doi: 10.1111/j.0737-1209.2004.21411.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-1209.2004.21411.x
62. Carlson, M., Garfinkel, I., McLanahan, S., Mincy, R., & Primus, W. (2004). The effects of welfare and child support policies on union formation. Population Research and Policy Review, 23, 513-542. doi: 10.1007/s11113-004-2707-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-004-2707-8
63. Carpusor, A., & Loges, W. E. (2006). Rental discrimination and ethnicity in names. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(4), 934-952. doi: 10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00050.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00050.x
64. Carter, J. (n.d.). Quote retrieved from: http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/33341.html
65. Cass, J. (2006, February 25). Notable Mardi Gras absences reflect loss of black middle class. Washington Post, p. A01.
66. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2000). National and state-specific pregnancy rates among adolescents-United States, 1995-1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 49(27), 605-611.
67. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003). National diabetes fact sheet. Atlanta, GA: Author.
68. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004a). Diagnoses of HIV/AIDS-32 states, 2000-2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53, 1106-1110.
69. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004b). 2004 surveillance report. Atlanta, GA: Author.
70. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). National program of cancer registries fact sheet. Atlanta, GA: Author.
71. Changing Face of AIDS, The. (1996). New York Times, p. A10.
72. Chasin, B. (2004). Inequality & violence in the United States: Casualties of capitalism (2nd ed.). Amherst, NY: Humanity Books.
73. Chasnoff, I. J., Landress, H. J., & Barrett, M. E. (1990). The prevalence of illicit-drug or alcohol use during pregnancy and discrepancies in mandatory reporting in Pinellas County, Florida. New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 1202-1206. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199004263221706 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199004263221706
74. Chesney-Lind, M. (1998). Women in prison: From partial justice to vengeful equity. Corrections Today, 60, 66-73.
75. Chesney-Lind, M. (2002). Imprisoning women: The unintended victims of mass imprisonment. In M. Mauer & M. Chesney-Lind (Eds.), Invisible punishment: The collateral consequences of mass imprisonment (pp. 78-94). New York: The New Press.
76. Clark, K. B. (1989). Dark ghetto: Dilemmas of social power (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row and Wesleyan University Press. (Originally published in 1965) Clemetson, L. (2004, August 6). Links between prison and AIDS affecting blacks inside and out. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/06/national/06aids.html?ex=1249444800&en=46c1febaf511c11e&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland
77. Cohen, C. J. (1999). The boundaries of blackness: AIDS and the breakdown of black politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
78. Cohen, P. N. (1999). Racial-ethnic and gender differences in returns to cohabitation and marriage: Evidence from the Current Population Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Division.
79. Collins, K. S., Hall, A. G., & Neuhaus, C. (1999). U.S. minority health: A chartbook. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
80. Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Human Resources. (2006). A decade since welfare reform: 1996 welfare reforms reduce welfare dependence. Washington, DC: Author.
81. Congressional Budget Office. (1990). Sources of support for adolescent mothers. Washington, DC: Author.
82. Conley, D. (1999). Being black, living in the red: Race, wealth, and social policy in America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
83. Conley, D. (2001). The black-white wealth gap. The Nation, 272, 20-22.
84. Conner, D. F. (2003). Aggression and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: Research and treatment. New York: Guilford.
85. Constantine-Simms, D. (2001). The greatest taboo: Homosexuality in black communities. Los Angeles: Alyson Books.
86. Coontz, S. (1992). The way we never were: American families and the nostalgia trap. New York: Basic Books.
87. Coontz, S. (1997). The way we really are: Coming to terms with America’s changing families. New York: Basic Books.
88. Corbie-Smith, G., Thomas, S. B., Williams, M. V., & Moody-Ayers, S. (1999). Attitudes and beliefs of African Americans toward participation in medical research. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 14(9), 537-543. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.07048.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.07048.x
89. Cosby, B. (2004, July 29). Bill Cosby has more harsh words for black community. USA Today. Retrieved from: http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2004-07-29-cosby_x.htm?POE=LIFISVA
90. Cose, E. (2000, November 13). The prison paradox. Newsweek, 136, 40-49.
91. Crenshaw, K. (1995). Critical race theory: The key writings that formed the movement. New York: New Press.
92. Crompton, V., & Kessner, E. Z. (2003). Saving Beauty from the Beast. New York: Little, Brown.
93. Current Population Survey. (2004). Welfare receipt by race. Retrieved from: http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032004/pov/new26_001.htm
94. Darity, W., Jr., Dietrich, J., & Guilkey, D. K. (2001). Persistent advantage or disadvantage? Evidence in support of the intergenerational drag hypothesis. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 60(2), 435-470. doi: 10.1111/1536-7150.00070 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1536-7150.00070
95. Dash, L. (2003). When children want children: The urban crisis of teenage childbearing. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
96. Daumit, G. L., Hermann, J. A., Coresh, J., & Powe, N. R. (1999). Use of cardiovascular procedures among black persons and white persons: A 7-year nationwide study in patients with renal disease. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130, 173-182.
97. Davis, A. Y. (1983). Women, race, and class. New York: Vintage.
98. Davis, A. Y. (1998, September 1). Masked racism: Reflections on the prison industrial complex. Colorlines Magazine, pp. 1-6.
99. Davis, A. Y. (2003). Are prisons obsolete? New York: Seven Stories Press.
100. Davis, D. B. (1966). The problem of slavery in Western culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
101. de Tocqueville, A. (1833). On the penitentiary system in the United States. Philadelphia, PA: Carey, Lee and Blanchard.
102. Deaver, D., & Ingram, D. (2004, May 5). Minorities have less access to health care, study finds disparities were caused by discrimination, official says. Winston-Salem Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.journalnow.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=WSJ/MGArticle/WSJ_BasicArticle&c=MGArticle&cid=1031775270898&path=!localnews&s=1037645509099
103. Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2001). Critical race theory: An introduction. New York: New York University Press.
104. DeNavas-Walt, C, Proctor, B. D., & Mills, R. J. (2004). Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2003. Washington, DC: Current Population Survey.
105. Dickerson, B. (1995). African American single mothers: Understanding their lives and families. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
106. Doherty, W. J., Boss, P. G., LaRossa, R., Schumm, W. R., & Steinmetz, S. K. (1993). Family theories and methods: A contextual approach. In W. J. Doherty, P. G. Boss, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schumm, & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Sourceboook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach, pp. 3-31. New York: Plenum. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-85764-0_1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85764-0_1
107. Douglas, D. M. (1995). Reading, writing, & race: The desegregation of the Charlotte schools. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. doi: 10.5149/uncp/9780807845295 http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/uncp/9780807845295
108. Doyle, L. (1999). The surrendered wife: A practical guide to finding intimacy, passion, and peace with your man. New York: Fireside.
109. Du Bois, W.E.B. (1903). Souls of black folk. New York: Kraus Thompson Reprint.
110. Du Bois, W.E.B. (1908). The Negro American family. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on The Negro Problems, Atlanta University.
111. Du Bois, W.E.B. (1909). The Negro American family. Atlanta, GA: Atlanta University Publications.
112. Du Bois, W.E.B. (1951). Preface. In H. Aptheker (Ed.), A documentary history of the Negro people in the United States (Vol. 1). New York: Citadel Press.
113. Duneier, M. (1992). Slim’s table: Race, respectability and masculinity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
114. Durose, M. R., Harlow, C. W., Langan, P. A., Motivans, M., Rantala, R. R., & Smith, E. L. (2005). Family violence statistics including statistics on strangers and acquaintances (NCJ 207846). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
115. Durose, M. R., & Langan, P. A. (2001). State court sentencing of convicted felons, 1998 statistical tables. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
116. Dye, J. L. (2005). Fertility of American women: June 2004 (№ P20-555). Washington DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
117. Edin, K., & Kefalas, M. (2005). Promises I can keep: Why poor women put motherhood before marriage. Berkeley: University of California Press.
118. Edin, K., & Lein, L. (1997). Making ends meet: How single mothers survive welfare and low-wage work. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
119. Edney, H. (2006, March 10). Churches step up AIDS campaign this weekend. Retrieved from: http://www.nationalbaptist.com/index.cfm?FuseAction=Page&PageID=1000233&ArticleID=492
120. Ehrenreich, B. (2001). Nickel and dimed: On (not) getting by in America. New York: Owl Books.
121. Ehrensaft, M. K., Cohen, P., Brown, J., Smailes, E., Chen, H., & Johnson, J. G. (2003). Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71 (4), 741-753. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.71.4.741 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.4.741
122. Ellis, B. J., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Pettit, G. S., & Woodward, L. (2003). Does father absence place daughters at special risk for early sexual activity and teenage pregnancy? Child Development, 74, 801-821. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00569 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00569
123. Elsner, A. (2006). Gates of injustice: The crisis in America’s prisons. New York: Prentice Hall.
124. Engels, F., & Leacock, E. B. (1972). The origin of the family, private property, and the state. New York: International Publishers. (Originally published in 1884)
125. Epstein, A. M. (2004). Health care in America: Still too separate, not yet equal. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 603-605. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe048181 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe048181
126. Evans, L. (2005). Playing global cop: U.S. militarism and the prison industrial complex. In J. Sudbury (Ed.), Global lockdown: Race, gender, and the prison-industrial complex (pp. 215-227). New York: Routledge.
127. Fallon requests info on jobs lost to prison labor, clarifies "gulag" remark. Entry by Linda Thieman at 10: 28AM (CDT) on June 30, 2004; see http://www.blogforiowa.com/blog
128. Feagin, J. R. (1999). Excluding blacks and others from housing: The foundation of white racism. Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research, 4(3), 70-91.
129. Fehr, H., Jokisch, S., & Kotlikoff, L. (2003). The developed world’s demographic transition: The roles of capital flows, immigration, and policy. (NBER Working Paper 10096). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research
130. Fisher, B. S., Cullen, F. T., & Turner, M. G. (2000). The sexual victimization of college women. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
131. Flanagan, T. (1980). Time served and institutional misconduct: Patterns of involvement in disciplinary infractions among long-term and short-term inmates. Journal of Criminal Justice, 8, 357-367. doi: 10.1016/0047-2352(80)90111-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352%2880%2990111-7
132. Flegal, K. M., Carroll, M. D., Ogden, C. L., & Johnson, C. L. (2002). Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 1723-1727. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.14.1723 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.14.1723
133. Fogel, C. (1993). Hard time: The stressful nature of incarceration for women. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 14, 367-377. doi: 10.3109/01612849309006900 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01612849309006900
134. Fogel, C, & Martin, S. (1992). The mental health of incarcerated women. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 14, 30-47. doi: 10.1177/019394599201400103 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019394599201400103
135. Fogel, R. W., & Engerman, S. L. (1974). Time on the cross: The economics of American Negro slavery. Boston: Little, Brown.
136. Franklin, D. L. (1997). Ensuring inequality: The structural transformation of the African American family. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
137. Franklin, J. H. (2005). Mirror to America: The autobiography of John Hope Franklin. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
138. Frazier, E. F. (1932). The Negro family in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
139. Frazier, E. F. (1939). The Negro family in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
140. Frazier, E. F. (1957). The Negro middle class and desegregation. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.
141. Friedmann, H. (1980). Plantation societies, race relations, and the South: The regimentation of populations. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 22(4), 639-652. doi: 10.1017/S0010417500009609 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500009609
142. Gates, H. L., Jr. (2004, August 1). Breaking the silence. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/01/opinion/01gates.html?ex=1249099200&en=7d01ef033fbbc032&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland
143. Gelles, R. J. (1974). The violent home. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
144. Gelles, R. J. (1997). Intimate violence in families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781452243139 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243139
145. Gelles, R. J., & Straus, M. A. (1988). Intimate violence. New York: Simon & Schuster.
146. Gillette, B. (2004, August 2). Profitability remains elusive for Mississippi catfish farmers. Mississippi Business Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.allbusiness.com/north-america/united-states-mississippi/932492-1.html
147. Glassner, B. (2000). The culture of fear: Why Americans are afraid of the wrong things. New York: Basic Books.
148. Goffman, E. (1961). Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. New York: Doubleday Anchor.
149. Gordon, L. (1988). Heroes of their own lives: The politics and history of family violence. New York: Penguin.
150. Gossett, T. (1963). Race: The history of an idea in America. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press.
151. Green, M. Y. (2002). Minorities as majority: Disproportionality in child welfare and juvenile justice. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
152. Greene, J. P., & Winters, M. A. (2005). Public high school graduation and college-readiness rates: 1991-2002 (Education Working Paper № 8). New York: Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.
153. Greene, J. P., Winters, M. A., & Manhattan Institute for Policy Research. (2005). Public high school graduation and college-readiness rates, 1991-2002. New York: Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, Center for Civic Innovation.
154. Greenfeld, L., & Snell, T. L. (1999). Women offenders. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
155. Greenhouse, S. (2005, May 4). Can’t Wal-Mart, a retail behemoth, pay more? New York Times. Available: http://www.laborrights.org/press/Wal-Mart/walmart_pay_0505.htm
156. Greenwood, M., & Peterson, A. (2006, July 2). Let Denton’s legacy be an end to wounds from glass ceilings. San Jose Mercury News, p. 1B.
157. Gregory, P. M., Rhoads, G. G., Wilson, A. C, O’Dowd, K. J., & Kostis, J. B. (1999). Impact of availability of hospital-based invasive cardiac services on racial differences in the use of these services. American Heart Journal, 138, 507-517. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70154-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703%2899%2970154-7
158. Gumbel, A. (2005, February 25). California jails end racial segregation. Independent News. Retrieved from: http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article12709.ece
159. Gutman, H. G. (1976). The black family in slavery and freedom, 1750-1925. New York: Pantheon.
160. Haj-Yahia, M. M. (2000). Implications of wife abuse and battering for self-esteem, depression, and anxiety as revealed by the second Palestinian national survey on violence against women. Journal of Family Issues, 21 (4), 435-463. doi: 10.1177/019251300021004002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251300021004002
161. Hallett, M. (2004). Commerce with criminals: The new colonialism in criminal justice. Review of Policy Research, 21(1), 49-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2004.00057.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2004.00057.x
162. Haney, C, & Zimbardo, P. (1998). The past and future of U.S. prison policy: Twenty-five years after the Stanford prison experiment. American Psychologist, 53, 709-727. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.53.7.709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.7.709
163. Hannan, E. L., van Ryn, M., Burke, J., Stone, D., Kumar, D., Arani, D., Pierce, W., Rafii, S., Sanborn, T. A., Sharma, S., Slater, J., & DeBuono, B. A. (1999). Access to coronary artery bypass surgery by race/ethnicity and gender among patients who are appropriate for surgery. Medical Care, 37, 68-77. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199901000-00010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199901000-00010
164. Harmon, A. (2005, July 25). Blacks pin hope on DNA to fill slavery’s gaps in family trees. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/25/science/25genes.html?ex=1279944000&en=3c5062dc9612950a&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
165. Harrison, P. M., & Beck, A. J. (2004). Prisoners in 2003 (NCJ 205335). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
166. Harrison, P. M., & Beck, A. J. (2005). Prisoners in 2004. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
167. Harvey, L. K. (2002). Domestic violence in Winston-Salem/Forsyth County: A study of domestic court cases in 2001. Winston-Salem, NC: Winston-Salem State University, Center for Community Safety.
168. Hattery, A. J. (2001a). Tag-team parenting: Costs and benefits of utilizing non-overlapping shift work patterns in families with young children. Families in Society, 82(4), 419-427.
169. Hattery, A. (2001b). Women, work, and family: Balancing and weaving. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781452233932 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452233932
170. Hattery, A. J. (in press-a). Intimate partner violence. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.029
171. Hattery, A. J. (in press-b). Sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence and intimate partner violence in adulthood among African American and white women.
172. Hattery, A. J., & Kane, E. W. (1995). Men’s and women’s perceptions of nonconsensual sexual intercourse. Sex Roles, 33, 785-802. doi: 10.1007/BF01544779 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544779
173. Hattery, A. J., & Smith, E. (2004, April). Cultural contradictions in the Southern mode of segregation: Black tits, white only water fountains, bad blood, and the transmission of semen. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Sociological Society, Atlanta.
174. Hattery, A. J., & Smith, E. (in press). Social stratification in the new/old South: The influences of racial segregation on social class in the Deep South. Journal of Poverty Research.
175. Hattery, A., Smith, E., & Williams, M. (2005). The efficacy of the Time Out intervention program in Forsyth County. Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University Press.
176. Hays, S. (2003). Flat broke with children. New York: Oxford University Press.
177. Herbert, B. (2005a, July 21). Education’s collateral damage. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/21/opinion/21herbert.html?ex=1279598400&en=e18431d44d23fcdd&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss
178. Herbert, B. (2005b, January 7). Promoting torture’s promoter. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/07/opinion/07herbert.html?ex=1262840400&en=edaebd4efd7de650&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland
179. Herbert, B. (2006, November 2). Punished for being female. New York Times, p. A27.
180. Heyer, R., & Wagner, P. (2004). Too big to ignore: How counting people in prisons distorted Census 2000. Available: http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/toobig/toobig.html
181. High gas prices widen divide between rich and poor. (2005, August 15). USA Today, p. A12.
182. Hill, R. (1972). The strengths of black families. New York: Emerson Hall.
183. Hill, R. B. (1999). The strengths of African American families: Twenty-five years later. New York: University Press of America.
184. Hill, S. (2005). Black intimacies: A gender perspective on families and relationships. Lanham, MD: AltaMira.
185. Hill-Collins, P. (1994). Shifting the center: Race, class, and feminist theorizing about motherhood. In E. Glenn, G. Chang, & L. Forcey (Ed.), Mothering: Ideology, experience, and agency (pp. 45-66). New York: Routledge.
186. Hill-Collins, P. (2004). Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender, and the new racism. New York: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203309506 http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203309506
187. Hirshman, L. R. (2006). Get to work: A manifesto for women of the world. New York: Viking.
188. HIV hitting blacks harder. (2006, February 7). New York Times. Retrieved from: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E2D6173EF934A35751C0A9609C8B63
189. Hochschild, A. R., with Machung, A. (1989). The second shift. New York: Avon.
190. Hoffman, S., Foster, M., & Furstenberg, F., Jr. (1993). Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing. Demography, 30(1), 1-13. doi: 10.2307/2061859 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2061859
191. hooks, b. (2000). Feminist theory: From margin to center. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
192. hooks, b. (2004). We real cool: Black men and masculinity. New York: Routledge.
193. Houck, K., & Loper, A. (2002). Incarcerated mothers: Parent stress and its effect on emotional, behavioral, and physical adjustment to prison. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72, 548-558. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.72.4.548 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.72.4.548
194. Huffman, M. L., & Cohen, P. N. (2004). Racial wage inequality: Job segregation and devaluation across U.S. labor markets. American Journal of Sociology, 109(4), 902-936. doi: 10.1086/378928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378928
195. Hughes, E. C. (1945). Dilemmas and contradictions. American Journal of Sociology, 50(3), 353-359. doi: 10.1086/219652 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/219652
196. Insurance settlement could affect 70,000 minority policyholders in N.C. (2005, July 22). Winston-Salem Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.journalnow.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=WSJ/MGArticle/WSJ_BasicArticle&c=MGArticle&cid=1149189057289
197. Islam-Zwart, K. A., & Vik, P. W. (2004). Female adjustment to incarceration as influenced by sexual assault history. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 31(5), 521-541. doi: 10.1177/0093854804267091 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854804267091
198. Jacobson, J., & Maynard, R. (1995). Unwed mothers and long-term welfare dependency in addressing illegitimacy: Welfare reform options for Congress. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
199. Jha, A. K., Fisher, E. S., Li, Z. E., Orav, J., & Epstein, A. (2005). Racial trends in the use of major procedures among the elderly. New England Journal of Medicine, 353(7), 683-691. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa050672 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa050672
200. Johnson, M. P., & Ferraro, K. J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: Making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 948-963. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00948.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00948.x
201. Jones, J. (1981). Bad blood: The Tuskegee syphilis experiment. New York: Free Press.
202. Kaiser Foundation Family Report. (2004). New survey finds majority of African Americans say U.S. is losing ground on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from: http://www.kff.org/newsroom/pomr080404anr.cfm
203. Kalmijn, M. (1993). Trends in black/white intermarriage. Social Forces, 72(1), 119-146.
204. Kane, E. (2006). No way my boys are going to be like that: Parents’ responses to children’s gender nonconformity. Gender & Society, 20, 149-176. doi: 10.1177/0891243205284276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243205284276
205. Karabel, J. (2005). The chosen. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
206. Karger, H. (2005). Shortchanged: Life and debt in the fringe economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
207. Kasarda, J. D. (1993). Inner-city concentrated poverty and neighborhood distress: 1970-1990. Housing Policy Debate, 4, 253-302. doi: 10.1080/10511482.1993.9521135 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1993.9521135
208. Katz, J. (2006). The macho paradox: Why some men hurt women and how all men can help. Napierville, IL: Sourcebooks.
209. Kerber, L. K. (1997). The meanings of citizenship. Journal of American History, 84(3), 833-854. doi: 10.2307/2953082 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2953082
210. Kiecolt, K. J., & Fossett, M. A. (1995). Mate availability and marriage among African Americans: Aggregate and individual level analyses. In C. Mitchell-Kernan (Ed.), The decline in marriage among African Americans: Causes, consequences, and policy implications (pp. 121-135). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
211. Kimmel, M. (1995). Manhood in America: A cultural history. New York: Free Press.
212. Kimmel, M. (2005). Manhood in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
213. King, D. (1988). Multiple jeopardy, multiple consciousness: The context of a black feminist ideology. Signs, 14(1), 88-111. doi: 10.1086/494491 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/494491
214. King, J. L. (2004). On the down low: A journey into the lives of straight black men who sleep with men. New York: Broadway Books.
215. King, R. S., & Mauer, M. (2006). Sentencing with discretion: Crack cocaine sentencing after Booker. New York: The Sentencing Project.
216. Kirkwood, C. (1993). Leaving abusive partners. London: Sage.
217. Kleinfield, N. R. (2006, January 10). Bad blood: Living at an epicenter of diabetes, defiance and despair. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/10/nyregion/nyregionspecial5/10diabetes.html?ex=1294549200&en=cf246432b2690608&ei=5090
218. Koss, M. P. (1985). The hidden rape victim: Personality, attitudinal, and situational characteristics. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 9, 193-212. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00872.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00872.x
219. Koss, M. P., Goodman, L. A., Browne, A., Fitzgerald, L. F., Keita, G. P., & Russo, N. F. (1994). No safe haven: Male violence against women at home, at work, and in the community. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10156-000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10156-000
220. Kozol, J. (1992). Savage inequalities: Children in America’s schools. New York: Harper Perennial.
221. Kozol, J. (2001). Ordinary resurrections: Children in the years of hope. New York: Harper Perennial.
222. Kozol, J. (2005). The shame of the nation: The restoration of apartheid schooling in America. New York: Crown.
223. Kristof, N. D. (2004, September 29). Sentenced to be raped. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/29/opinion/29kris.html?ex=1254196800&en=6d572065ccbf6045&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt
224. LaFree, G., & Drass, K.A. (1996). The effect of changes in intraracial income inequality and educational attainment on changes in arrest rates for African Americans and whites 1957-1990. American Sociological Review, 61, 614-634. doi: 10.2307/2096396 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2096396
225. Lapchick, R. (2006, January 26). Decisions from the top: Diversity among campus, conference leaders at Division IA institutions. University of Central Florida, DeVos Sport Business Management Program. Retrieved from: http://www.bus.ucf.edu/sport/public/downloads/2006_Demograhpic_release.pdf
226. Lawless, E. J. (2001). Women escaping violence: Empowerment through narrative. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
227. LeBlanc, A. N. (2003, January 12). Prison is a member of their family. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved from: http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F30A10F73E5A0C718DDDA80894DB404482
228. Lenski, G. (1984). Power and privilege: A theory of social stratification. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
229. Leone, J. M. (2004). Assessment of family violence: A handbook for researchers and practitioners. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 66, 261-262. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2004.bkc_1.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2004.bkc_1.x
230. Lerner, S., & Bullard, R. L. (2006). Diamond: A struggle for environmental justice in Louisiana’s chemical corridor. Cambridge: MIT Press.
231. Lichtblau, E. (2005, August 24). Profiling report leads to a clash and a demotion. New York Times, p. A14.
232. Lieber, J. (2003). Golf’s host clubs have open-and-shut policies on discrimination. USA Today. Retrieved from: http://www.usatoday.com/sports/golf/2003-04-09-club-policies_x.htm
233. Liebow, E. (2003). Tally’s corner: A study of Negro streetcorner men. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. (Originally published in 1967)
234. Liptak, A. (2004, April 19). Study suspects thousands of false convictions. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F30F15FE3A5F0C7A8DDDAD0894DC404482
235. Liptak, A. (2006, March 2). Prisons often shackle pregnant inmates in labor. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/02/national/02shackles.html?ex=1164430800&en=3e63bb8cfc7d0f0b&ei=5070
236. Livingston, I. L. (1985). The importance of socio-psychological stress in the interpretation of the race-hypertension association. Humanity & Society, 9(2), 168-181.
237. Lyke, M. L. (2003, March 6). If mom’s locked up, kids are more likely to follow. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved from: http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/111236_2kids06.shtml
238. MacKenzie, D., & Goodstein, L. (1985). Long-term incarceration impacts and characteristics of long-term offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 12, 395-414. doi: 10.1177/0093854885012004001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854885012004001
239. MacKenzie, D., Robinson, J., & Campbell, C. (1989). Long-term incarceration of female offenders: Prison adjustment and coping. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 16, 223-238. doi: 10.1177/0093854889016002007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854889016002007
240. MacKinnon, C. (1991). Toward a feminist theory of the state. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
241. Majors, R., & Bilson, J. (1992). Cool pose: The dilemmas of African American manhood in America. New York: Lexington Books.
242. Marable, M. (2005). Beyond brown. The Black Scholar, 35(2), 11-21.
243. Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Sutton, P. D., Ventura, S. J., Menacker, F., & Munson, M. L. (2002). Births: Final data for 2002 (National Vital Statistics Report № 52(10)). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
244. Massey, D. (2005). Racial discrimination in housing: A moving target. Social Problems, 52(2), 148-151. doi: 10.1525/sp.2005.52.2.148 http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.2005.52.2.148
245. Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1993). American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
246. Matteo, S. (1988). The risk of multiple addictions guidelines for assessing a woman’s alcohol and drug use. Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 741-745.
247. Mauer, M. (2001). Race to incarcerate. New York: New Press.
248. Mauer, M. (2002). Race, poverty and felon disenfranchisement. Poverty and Race Research Council, 11(4), 1-2.
249. Mauer, M. (2003). Comparative international rates of incarceration: An examination of causes and trends. Presentation to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. New York: The Sentencing Project.
250. Mauer, M., & Chesney-Lind, M. (2002). Invisible punishment. New York: New Press.
251. Maume, D. J. (1999). Glass ceilings and glass escalators: Occupational segregation and race and sex differences in managerial promotions. Work and Occupations, 26(4), 483-509. doi: 10.1177/0730888499026004005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888499026004005
252. Maynard, R. A. (1996). Kids having kids: Economic costs and social consequences of teen pregnancy. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
253. Maynard, R. (1997). Teenage childbearing and welfare reform: Lessons from a decade of demonstration and evaluation research. Washington, DC: U.S. House of Representatives, summarized from a statement for the Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Human Resources.
254. Maynard, R., Nicholson, W., & Rangarajan, A. (1993). Breaking the cycle of poverty: The effectiveness of mandatory services for welfare-dependent teenage parents. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research.
255. McCorkel, J. A. (1998). Going to the crackhouse: Critical space as a form of resistance in total institutions and everyday life. Symbolic Interaction, 21(3), 227-253. doi: 10.1525/si.1998.21.3.227 http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.1998.21.3.227
256. McCurdy, J. (1990, April 25). Claremont to appeal: Cal. jury awards $1-million to teacher denied tenure for race. Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from: http://chronicle.com/che-data/articles.dir/articles-36.dir/issue-32.dir/32a01101.htm
257. McLanahan, S. (1985). Family structure and the reproduction of poverty. American Journal of Sociology, 90, 873-901. doi: 10.1086/228148 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/228148
258. McLanahan, S., & Sandefur, G. D. (1994). Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
259. Meierhoefer, B. S. (1992). The general effect of mandatory minimum prison terms: A longitudinal study of federal sentences imposed. Washington, DC: Federal Judicial Center.
260. Merton, R. K. (1972). Insiders and outsiders: A chapter in the sociology of knowledge. American Journal of Sociology, 78(1), 9-47. doi: 10.1086/225294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/225294
261. Messner, M. A. (2002). Playing center: The triad of violence in men’s sports. In M. A. Messner (Ed.), Taking the field: Women, men and sports (pp. 27-62). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
262. Moffitt, R. A. (1997). The effect of welfare on marriage and fertility: What do we know and what do we need to know? (№ 1153-97). Madison, WI: Institute for Research on Poverty.
263. Moore, K. A., Myers, D., Morrison, D. R., Nord, C, Brown, B., & Edmonston, B. (1993). Age at first childbirth and later poverty. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3(4), 393-422. doi: 10.1207/s15327795jra0304_5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0304_5
264. Moore, K., Papillo, A., & Manlove, J. (2003). Release of facts at a glance 2003: Reporting trends in teen childbearing in the nation, states and large cities. Washington, DC: Child Trends.
265. Moore, R. D., Stanton, D., Gopalan, R., & Chaisson, R. E. (1994). Racial differences in the use of drug therapy for HIV disease in an urban community. New England Journal of Medicine, 330(11), 763-768. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199403173301107 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199403173301107
266. Moynihan, D. (1965). The Negro family: The case for national action. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Policy Planning and Research.
267. Moynihan, D. P. (1985). Family and nation. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
268. Mueller, S., & Dudley, S. (2003). Access to abortion fact sheet. National Abortion Federation. Retrieved from: http://www.prochoice.org/about_abortion/facts/access_abortion.html
269. Mukamal, D. (2004). After prisons: Roadblocks to reentry: A report on state legal barriers facing people with criminal records. New York: Legal Action Center.
270. Mumola, C. M. (2000). Incarcerated parents and their children (NCJ 182335). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
271. Murdock, G. P. (1983). The outline of world cultures. New Haven, CT: Human Relations Area Files. (Originally published in 1954)
272. Murnane, R. J., Willett, J. B., & Boudett, K. P. (1995). Do high school dropouts benefit from obtaining a GED? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 17(2), 133-147.
273. Myers, M. A. (1990). Black threat and incarceration in postbellum Georgia. Social Forces, 69(2), 373393.
274. National Center for Health Statistics. (2004). Health, United States, with chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus04trend.pdf#045
275. Navarro, V. (2003). On the issue of health care in America. Address to the 2003 graduating class of the Johns Hopkins Medical School.
276. Neuspiel, D. R. (1996). Racism and perinatal addiction. Ethnicity and Disease, 6, 47-55.
277. Nickel, M. (2001). A special report: Slavery, the Brown family of Providence and Brown University. Brown: The Brown News Service. Retrieved from: http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Info/Slavery.html
278. Nord, C, Moore, K., Morrison, D., Brown, B., & Myers, D. (1992). Consequences of teen-age parenting. Journal of School Health, 62(7), 310-318. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01249.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01249.x
279. Oliver, M. L., & Shapiro, T. M. (1995). Black wealth/white wealth: A new perspective on racial inequality. New York: Routledge.
280. Omi, M., & Winant, H. (1986). Racial formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1980s. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
281. Orzechowski, S., & Sepielli, P. (2003). Net worth and asset ownership of households: 1998 and 2000 (Current Population Reports № P70-88). Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
282. Oshinsky, D. M. (1997). Worse than slavery: Parchman Farm and the ordeal of Jim Crow justice. New York: Free Press.
283. Padavic, I., & Reskin, B. F. (2002). Women and men at work (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.
284. Pager, D. (2003). The mark of a criminal record. American Journal of Sociology, 108, 937-975. doi: 10.1086/374403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/374403
285. Parkin, F. (1979). Marxism and class theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
286. Parsons, T., & Bales, R. (1955). Family, socialization, and the interaction process. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
287. Patterson, O. (1995). For whom the bell curves. In S. Fraser (Ed.), The bell curve wars. New York: Basic Books.
288. Patterson, O. (1999). Rituals of blood: Consequences of slavery in two American centuries. New York: Civitas.
289. Pattillo-McCoy, M. (1999). Black picket fences: Privilege and peril among the black middle class. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
290. Peterson, J. L. (1998). Introduction to the special issue: HIV/AIDS prevention through community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(1), 1-5. doi: 10.1023/A: 1021825922636 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A: 1021825922636
291. Pettit, B., & Western, B. (2004). Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in U.S. incarceration. American Sociological Review, 69(2), 151-169. doi: 10.1177/000312240406900201 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900201
292. Pi, E. H., & Simpson, G. M. (2005). Cross-cultural psychopharmacology: A current clinical perspective. Psychopharmacology, 56(1), 31-33.
293. Pipher, M. B. (1994). Reviving Ophelia: Saving the selves of adolescent girls. New York: Putnam.
294. Platt, A. M. (1991). E. Franklin Frazier reconsidered. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
295. Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537; 16 S. Ct. 1138; 41 L. Ed. 256; 1896 U.S. LEXIS 3390, argued April 13, 1896, May 18, 1896.
296. Putnam, R. (1995). Bowling alone. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78. doi: 10.1353/jod.1995.0002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002
297. Qian, Z. (2005). Breaking the last taboo: Interracial marriage in America. Contexts, 4(4), 33-37. doi: 10.1525/ctx.2005.4.4.33 http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2005.4.4.33
298. Rainwater, L., & Yancey, W. L. (1967). The Moynihan Report and the politics of controversy (A Trans-action Social Science and Public Policy Report). Cambridge: MIT Press.
299. Rangaragan, A., Myers, D., Maynard, R., & Beebout, H. (1994, April). Life prospects for teenage parents. Paper presented at the Seminar Series on Persistent Poverty session on the Causes and Costs of Teen Motherhood, Washington, DC.
300. Reagan, R. (1985). Speech to the National Conservative Political Action Conference. Redlining a black bank: Freedom National Bank of Harlem closed [Editorial]. (1991, January 7). The Nation. Retrieved from: http://www.thenation.com/archive/detail/13886356
301. Rennison, C. M. (2003). Intimate partner violence, 1993-2001 (NCJ 197838). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
302. Renzetti, C. M. (2001). "One strike and you’re out": Implications of a federal crime control policy for battered women. Violence Against Women, 7(6), 685-698. doi: 10.1177/10778010122182668 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778010122182668
303. Rich, A. (1980). Compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence. Signs, 5, 631-660. doi: 10.1086/493756 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/493756
304. Rich, A. (1995). Of woman born: Motherhood as experience and institution. New York: Norton.
305. Richardson, N., Williams, K., & Harris, H. (2006, May). The business of faith: Black megachurches are turning pastors into CEOs of multimillion-dollar enterprises. Black Enterprise, 36, 102-114.
306. Riesman, D. (1950). The lonely crowd: A study of the changing American character. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
307. Roberts, B. E., & White, J. E. (1999). Roberts vs. Texaco: A true story of race and corporate America. New York: Avon.
308. Roberts, D. E. (2004). The social and moral cost of mass incarceration in African American communities. Stanford Law Review, 56, 1271-1306.
309. Rodman, H. (1968). Family and social pathology in the ghetto. Science, 161 (3843), 756-761. doi: 10.1126/science.161.3843.756 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3843.756
310. Rogers, D. (Director), & Petzall, J. E. (Writer/Producer). (2000). When the bough breaks [Video]. San Francisco: ITVS.
311. Rollins, J. (1985). Between women: Domestics and their employers. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
312. Romero, M. (1992). Maid in the U.S.A. New York: Routledge.
313. Roper, P., & Weeks, G. (1993). Child abuse, teenage pregnancy, and welfare dependency: Is there a link? Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
314. Royster, D. A. (2003). Race and the invisible hand: How white networks exclude black men from blue-collar jobs. Berkeley: University of California Press.
315. Rubin, R. (2002). Confederacy of silence: A true tale of the new old South. New York: Atria.
316. Russell, D. E. H. (1990). Rape in marriage. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.
317. Sanday, P. R. (1981). The socio-cultural context of rape. Journal of Social Issues, 37, 5-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01068.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01068.x
318. Sanday, P. R. (1990). Fraternity gang rape. New York: New York University Press.
319. Satcher, D. (2004). Youth violence: A report from the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General.
320. Schlosser, E. (2002). Fast food nation: The dark side of the all-American meal. New York: Perennial.
321. Schnittker, J., Pescosolido, B. A., & Croghan, T. W. (2005). Are African Americans really less willing to use health care? Social Problems, 52(2), 255-271. doi: 10.1525/sp.2005.52.2.255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.2005.52.2.255
322. Schoen, J. (2001). Between choice and coercion: Women and the politics of sterilization in North Carolina, 1929-1975. Journal of Women’s History, 13(1), 132-156. doi: 10.1353/jowh.2001.0034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2001.0034
323. Schorling, J. B., & Saunders, J. T. (2000). Is "sugar" the same as diabetes? A community-based study among rural African-Americans. Diabetes Care, 23(3), 330-334. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.3.330 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.3.330
324. Seccombe, K. (1998). So you think I drive a Cadillac? Welfare recipients’ perspectives on the system and its reform. New York: Allyn & Bacon.
325. Segura, D. A. (1994). Working at motherhood: Chicana and Mexican immigrant mothers and employment. In E. N. Glenn, G. Chang, & L. R. Forcey (Eds.), Mothering: Ideology, experience, and agency (pp. 211-234). New York: Routledge.
326. Shapiro, M. F., Morton, S. C, McCaffrey, D. F., Senterfitt, J. W., Fleishman, J. A., Perlman, J. F., Athey, L. A., Keesey, J. W., Goldman, D. P., Berry, S. H., & Bozette, S. A. (1999). Variations in the care of HIV-infected adults in the United States: Results from the HIV cost and services utilization study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 2305-2375. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.24.2305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.24.2305
327. Shapiro, T. M. (2004). The hidden cost of being African American: How wealth perpetuates inequality. New York: Oxford University Press.
328. Shaw-Taylor, Y., & Benokraitis, N. V. (1995). The presentation of minorities in marriage and family textbooks. Teaching Sociology, 23(2), 122-135. doi: 10.2307/1319342 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1319342
329. Shipp, E. R. (2004, July 30). When meds target blacks. New York Daily News, p. 45.
330. Shofner, R. (2001). Expert report on Johnson v. Bush, 00-CV-3542. U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.
331. Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. R. (Eds.). (2003). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
332. Smith, E. (2007). Race, sport and the American dream. Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
333. Smith, E., & Hattery, A. (2006a). Hey stud: Race, sex, and sports. Journal of Sexuality and Culture, 10(2), 3-32. doi: 10.1007/s12119-006-1013-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12119-006-1013-5
334. Smith, E., & Hattery, A. (2006b). The prison industrial complex. Sociation Today, 4(2).
335. Smith, E., & Hattery, A. (in press-a). If we build it they will come: The relationship between private prisons, incarceration rates, and prison industries in the US. Societies Without Borders.
336. Smith, E., & Hattery, A. (in press-b). The modern world system: Academics and athletics in the new millenium. Journal of Sport and Social Issues.
337. Smith, S. S. (2005). "Don’t put my name on it": Social capital activation and job-finding assistance among the black urban poor. American Journal of Sociology, 111(1), 1-57. doi: 10.1086/428814 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/428814
338. Sokoloff, N. (2003). The impact of the prison industrial complex on African American women. Souls, 5, 31-46. doi: 10.1080//10999940390463356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080//10999940390463356
339. Solursh, L. P., Solursh, D. S., & Meyer, C. A., Jr. (1993). Is there sex after the prison door slams shut? Medicine and Law, 12, 439-443.
340. Solzhenitsyn, A. (2002). The gulag archipelago: 1918-1956. New York: Harper Perennial. (Originally published in 1973)
341. Spohn, C. C. (2000). Thirty years of sentencing reform: The quest for a racially neutral sentencing process. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
342. Stampp, K. M. (1956). The peculiar institution: Slavery in the ante-bellum South. New York: Knopf.
343. Staples, B. (2004, September 7). Fighting the AIDS epidemic by issuing condoms in the prisons. New York Times, p. A22.
344. Staples, R. (1991). Changes in black family structure: The conflict between family ideology and structural conditions. In R. Staples (Ed.), The black family: Essays and studies (pp. 28-36). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
345. Stein, R. (2005, June 24). FDA approves controversial heart medication for blacks. Washington Post, p. 15.
346. Stewart, J. A., Dundas, R., Howard, R. S., Rudd, A. G., & Wolfe, C. D. A. (1999). Ethnic differences in incidence of stroke: Prospective study with stroke register. British Medical Journal, 318(7189), 967-971. doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7189.967 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7189.967
347. Strain, M., & Kisker, E. E. (1989). Literacy and the disadvantaged: Analysis of data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Princeton, NJ: Mathematical Policy Research.
348. Straus, M. A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41(1), 75-88. doi: 10.2307/351733 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/351733
349. Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (1995). Physical violence in American families. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Books.
350. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
351. Stuart, G. L., Moore, T. M., Gordon, K. C., Hellmuth, J. C., Ramsey, S. E., & Kahler, C. W. (2006). Reasons for intimate partner violence perpetration among arrested women. Violence Against Women, 12(7), 609-621. doi: 10.1177/1077801206290173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801206290173
352. Suskind, R. (1998). A hope in the unseen. New York: Broadway Books.
353. Tanner, M., Moore, S., & Hartman, D. (1995). The work versus welfare trade-off: An analysis of the total level of welfare benefits by state (Cato Policy Analysis № 240). Washington, DC: Cato Policy Institute.
354. Taylor-Gibbs, J. (1988a). Health and mental health of young black males. In J. T. Gibbs (Ed.), Young, black, and male in America: An endangered species (pp. 219-257). Dover, MA: Auburn House.
355. Taylor-Gibbs, J. (1988b). Young, black males in America: Endangered, embittered, and embattled. In J. T. Gibbs (Ed.), Young, black, and male in America: An endangered species (pp. 1-36). Dover, MA: Auburn House.
356. Taylor, Q. (n.d.). The Moynihan report. Retrieved July 15, 2006 from: http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/documents/moynihan_report.htm
357. Taylor, T. S. (2004, August 1). Blacks find progress slow in joining trade unions. Chicago Tribune, p. 1.
358. Therborn, G. (1980). The ideology of power and the power of ideology. London: Verso.
359. Thompson, C, & Loper, A. (2005). Adjustment patterns in incarcerated women: An analysis of differences based on sentence length. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 32(6), 714-732. doi: 10.1177/0093854805279949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854805279949
360. Tilove, J. (2005, May 5). Where have all the black men gone? Black gender gap is widening. Seattle Times, p. A3.
361. Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Full report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women Series: Research report. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
362. Toch, H., & Adams, K. (2002). Acting out: Maladaptive behavior in confinement. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10494-000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10494-000
363. Tomaskovic-Devey, D. (1993). Gender and racial inequality at work: The sources and consequences of job segregation. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.
364. Uggen, C, & Manza, J. (2002). Democratic contraction? Political consequences of felon disenfranchisement in the United States. American Sociological Review, 67(6), 777-803. doi: 10.2307/3088970 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088970
365. Urbina, I. (2006, January 11). In the treatment of diabetes, success often does not pay. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/11/nyregion/nyregionspecial5/11diabetes.html?ex=1294635600&en=fde99fd512099c16&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
366. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1972). U.S. census of population: 1970 (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
367. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1999). Race of wife by race of husband: 1999. Washington, DC: Author.
368. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2003). America’s families and living arrangements: 2003, Table A2. Washington, DC: Author.
369. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2004). Educational attainment by race/ethnicity and gender. Washington, DC: Author.
370. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2005a). Marital history for people 15 years and over, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 2001. Available: http://72.14.209.104/search?q=cache:-c9vMO4UJoIJ: www.census.gov/population/socdemo/marital-hist/p70-97/tab01-hispanic.xls+%22Marital+History+for+People+15+Years+and+Over%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1
371. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2005b). Statistical abstract of the United States 2004-2005. Washington, DC: Author.
372. Valentine, C. A. (1968). Culture and poverty: Critique and counter-proposals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
373. Villarosa, L. (2004, August 7). Patients with H.I.V. seen as separated by a racial divide. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E2DD103CF934A3575BC0A9629C8B63&sec=health&pagewanted=print
374. Wagner, P. (2004, April 11). Diluting democracy: Census quirk fuels prison expansion [Fact sheet]. Available: http://www.prisonpolicy.org/articles/dilutingdemocracy.pdf
375. Wallace, M. O. (2002). Constructing the black masculine. Raleigh, NC: Duke University Press.
376. Warshaw, R. (1988). I never called it rape: The Ms. report on recognizing, fighting, and surviving date and acquaintance rape. New York: Harper & Row.
377. Washington, B. T. (1963). Up from slavery: An autobiography. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
378. Waters, M. C. (1999). Black identities: West Indian immigrant dreams and American realities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
379. Weber, M. (1996). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism (T. Parsons, Trans.). Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury.
380. Webster, C, & Weeks, G. (1995). Teenage pregnancy: A summary of prevention program evaluation results (Seminar 3162). Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, The Evergreen State College.
381. Weitzman, S. (2001). Not to people like us: Hidden abuse in upscale marriages. New York: Basic Books.
382. Wells, T. (1998). Changes in occupational sex segregation in the 1980s and 1990s (Working Paper). Madison: University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology.
383. Wertheimer, R., & Moore, K. A. (1998). Childbearing by teens: Links to welfare reform (№ A-24). Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
384. Wessel, D. (2006, June 15). In poverty tactics, an old debate: Who is at fault? Wall Street Journal, p. A10.
385. West, E. (1999). Surviving separation: Cross-plantation marriages and the slave trade in antebellum South Carolina. Journal of Family History, 24(2), 213-231. doi: 10.1177/036319909902400205 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909902400205
386. Western, B. (2006). Punishment and inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
387. "Whites only" retirement fund. (2006, January 25). New York Times, p. A20.
388. Williams, D. (2005, June 2). Wachovia apologizes for slave history. Retrieved from: http://www.tolerance.org/news/article_tol.jsp?id=1225
389. Williams, D. R. (1999). Race, socioeconomic status, and health: The added effects of racism and discrimination. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 896, 173-188. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08114.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08114.x
390. Williams, H. A. (2006). Self-taught: African American education in slavery and freedom. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
391. Wilson, F. D. (1984). Urban ecology: Urbanization and systems of cities. Annual Review of Sociology, 10, 283-307. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.10.080184.001435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.10.080184.001435
392. Wilson, W. J. (1978). The declining significance of race. Society, 152 (112), 56-62. doi: 10.1007/BF03181003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03181003
393. Wilson, W. J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
394. Wilson, W. J. (1991). Studying inner-city social dislocations: The challenge of public agenda research. 1990 presidential address, American Sociological Association, Washington, DC.
395. Wilson, W. J. (1996). When work disappears: The world of the new urban poor. New York: Knopf.
396. Wolf, A. (2006). Reducing the incarceration of women: Community-based alternatives [Special report]. Retrieved from: http://www.nccd-crc.org/nccd/pubs/2006_WIP_special_report.pdf
397. Woodson, C. G. (2000). The mis-education of the Negro. Chicago: African-American Images.
398. Wray, L. R. (2000). A new economic reality: Penal Keynesianism. Challenge, 43(5), 31-59.
399. Wright, E. O. (1997). Class counts: Comparative studies in class analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
400. Wright, K. (2006, May 24). Upward mortality. Retrieved from: http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2006/05/upward_mortality.html
401. Zamble, E. (1992). Behavior and adaptation in long-term prison inmates: Descriptive longitudinal results. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 19, 409-425. doi: 10.1177/0093854892019004005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854892019004005
402. Zernike, K. (2005, January 16). The conflict in Iraq: Abu Ghraib scandal; Ringleader in Iraqi prisoner abuse is sentenced to 10 years. New York Times, p. 12.
403. Zinn, M. B., & Dill, B. T. (2005). Theorizing differences from multicultural feminism. In M. B. Zinn, P. Hondagneu-Sotelo, & M. A. Messner (Eds.), Gender through the prism of difference (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
404. Zucchino, D. (1997). Myth of the welfare queen: A Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist’s portrait of women on the line. New York: Scribner.
405. Zweigenhaft, R. L., & Domhoff, G. W. (1998). Diversity in the power elite. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
406. Zweigenhaft, R. L. & Dumhoff, G. W. (2006). Diversity in the Power Elite: How It Happened, Why It Matters. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.