메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 483-509

Glass ceilings and glass escalators: Occupational segregation and race and sex differences in managerial promotions

(1)  Maume Jr , David J a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0033216577     PISSN: 07308884     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0730888499026004005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (360)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 84973748589 scopus 로고
    • Hierarchies, jobs and bodies: A theory of gendered organizations
    • Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs and bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender and Society, 4, 139-158.
    • (1990) Gender and Society , vol.4 , pp. 139-158
    • Acker, J.1
  • 3
    • 84936628703 scopus 로고
    • The structure of opportunity: How promotion ladders vary within and among organizations
    • Baron, J. N., Davis-Blake, A., & Bielby, W. T. (1986). The structure of opportunity: How promotion ladders vary within and among organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 248-273.
    • (1986) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.31 , pp. 248-273
    • Baron, J.N.1    Davis-Blake, A.2    Bielby, W.T.3
  • 4
    • 0025584194 scopus 로고
    • For what its worth: Organizations, occupations and the value of work done by women and non Whites
    • Baron, J. N., & Newman, A. E. (1990). For what its worth: Organizations, occupations and the value of work done by women and non Whites. American Sociological Review, 55, 155-175.
    • (1990) American Sociological Review , vol.55 , pp. 155-175
    • Baron, J.N.1    Newman, A.E.2
  • 5
    • 84936628799 scopus 로고
    • Men and women at work: Sex segregation and statistical discrimination
    • Bielby, W. T., & Baron, J. N. (1986). Men and women at work: Sex segregation and statistical discrimination. American Journal of Sociology, 91, 759-799.
    • (1986) American Journal of Sociology , vol.91 , pp. 759-799
    • Bielby, W.T.1    Baron, J.N.2
  • 7
    • 84993917495 scopus 로고
    • How minorities continue to be excluded from equal employment opportunities: Research on labor market and institutional barriers
    • Braddock, J. H., & McPartland, J. M. (1987). How minorities continue to be excluded from equal employment opportunities: Research on labor market and institutional barriers. Journal of Social Issues, 43, 5-39.
    • (1987) Journal of Social Issues , vol.43 , pp. 5-39
    • Braddock, J.H.1    McPartland, J.M.2
  • 8
    • 0002766412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latinas and African American women in the U.S. Labor market
    • I. Brown (Ed.), New York: Russell Sage
    • Browne, I. (1999). Latinas and African American women in the U.S. labor market. In I. Brown (Ed.), Latinas and African American women at work (pp. 1-31). New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1999) Latinas and African American Women at Work , pp. 1-31
    • Browne, I.1
  • 9
    • 0030424943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering the declining significance of race: Racial differences in early career wages
    • Cancio, S. A., Evans, T. D., & Maume, D. J., Jr. (1996). Reconsidering the declining significance of race: Racial differences in early career wages. American Sociological Review, 61, 541-556.
    • (1996) American Sociological Review , vol.61 , pp. 541-556
    • Cancio, S.A.1    Evans, T.D.2    Maume D.J., Jr.3
  • 11
    • 6144224837 scopus 로고
    • The making of the Black middle class
    • Collins, S. (1983). The making of the Black middle class. Social Problems, 30, 369-382.
    • (1983) Social Problems , vol.30 , pp. 369-382
    • Collins, S.1
  • 12
    • 21144483051 scopus 로고
    • Blacks on the bubble: The vulnerability of Black executives in White corporations
    • Collins, S. (1993). Blacks on the bubble: The vulnerability of Black executives in White corporations. Sociological Quarterly, 34, 29-47.
    • (1993) Sociological Quarterly , vol.34 , pp. 29-47
    • Collins, S.1
  • 13
    • 0009452956 scopus 로고
    • The glass ceiling
    • August 16.
    • Cordtz, D. (1994, August 16). The glass ceiling. Financial World, p. 64.
    • (1994) Financial World , pp. 64
    • Cordtz, D.1
  • 14
    • 84928842702 scopus 로고
    • Gender and promotion in segmented job ladder systems
    • DiPrete, T. A., & Soule, W. T. (1988). Gender and promotion in segmented job ladder systems. American Sociological Review, 53, 26-40.
    • (1988) American Sociological Review , vol.53 , pp. 26-40
    • Diprete, T.A.1    Soule, W.T.2
  • 16
    • 84935041643 scopus 로고
    • Explaining occupational sex segregation and wages: Findings from a model with fixed effects
    • England, P., Farkas, G., Kilbourne, B. S., & Dou, T. (1988). Explaining occupational sex segregation and wages: Findings from a model with fixed effects. American Sociological Review, 53, 544-558.
    • (1988) American Sociological Review , vol.53 , pp. 544-558
    • England, P.1    Farkas, G.2    Kilbourne, B.S.3    Dou, T.4
  • 17
    • 0028578904 scopus 로고
    • The gendered valuation of occupations and skills: Earnings in 1980 census occupations
    • England, P., Herbert, M., Kilbourne, B., Reid, L., & Megdal, L. (1994). The gendered valuation of occupations and skills: Earnings in 1980 census occupations. Social Forces, 73, 65-99.
    • (1994) Social Forces , vol.73 , pp. 65-99
    • England, P.1    Herbert, M.2    Kilbourne, B.3    Reid, L.4    Megdal, L.5
  • 19
    • 84925979517 scopus 로고
    • Women's job mobility processes within and between employers
    • Felmlee, D. H. (1982). Women's job mobility processes within and between employers. American Sociological Review, 47, 142-151.
    • (1982) American Sociological Review , vol.47 , pp. 142-151
    • Felmlee, D.H.1
  • 20
    • 84963091280 scopus 로고
    • Compensating differentials and the male-female wage gap: A comment
    • Filer, R. K. (1990). Compensating differentials and the male-female wage gap: A comment. Social Forces, 69, 469-473.
    • (1990) Social Forces , vol.69 , pp. 469-473
    • Filer, R.K.1
  • 21
    • 0002825889 scopus 로고
    • Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes
    • Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 64-86.
    • (1990) Academy of Management Journal , vol.33 , pp. 64-86
    • Greenhaus, J.H.1    Parasuraman, S.2    Wormley, W.3
  • 22
    • 84970745633 scopus 로고
    • The competing risks model: A method for analyzing processes with multiple types of events
    • Hachen, D. S. (1988). The competing risks model: A method for analyzing processes with multiple types of events. Sociological Methods and Research, 17, 93-116.
    • (1988) Sociological Methods and Research , vol.17 , pp. 93-116
    • Hachen, D.S.1
  • 23
    • 84965520916 scopus 로고
    • Three models of job mobility in labor markets
    • Hachen, D. S. (1990). Three models of job mobility in labor markets. Work andOccupations, 17, 320-354.
    • (1990) Work Andoccupations , vol.17 , pp. 320-354
    • Hachen, D.S.1
  • 24
    • 84929062904 scopus 로고
    • Opportunity and attitudes toward job advancement in a manufacturing firm
    • Harlan, S. L. (1989). Opportunity and attitudes toward job advancement in a manufacturing firm. Social Forces, 67, 766-788.
    • (1989) Social Forces , vol.67 , pp. 766-788
    • Harlan, S.L.1
  • 25
    • 0001947286 scopus 로고
    • Internal labor markets and gender: A case study of promotion
    • C. Brown & J. A. Pechman (Eds.), Washington, DC: Brookings Institute
    • Hartmann, H. I. (1987). Internal labor markets and gender: A case study of promotion. In C. Brown & J. A. Pechman (Eds.), Gender in the workplace (pp. 59-92). Washington, DC: Brookings Institute.
    • (1987) Gender in the Workplace , pp. 59-92
    • Hartmann, H.I.1
  • 29
    • 84937294964 scopus 로고
    • Composition of the workplace and psychological well-being: The effects of tokenism on America's Black elite
    • Jackson, P. B., Thoits, P. A., & Taylor, H. F. (1995). Composition of the workplace and psychological well-being: The effects of tokenism on America's Black elite. Social Forces, 74, 543-558.
    • (1995) Social Forces , vol.74 , pp. 543-558
    • Jackson, P.B.1    Thoits, P.A.2    Taylor, H.F.3
  • 31
    • 85050830994 scopus 로고
    • Women's entry into management: Trends in earnings, authority, and values among salaried managers
    • Jacobs, J. A. (1992). Women's entry into management: Trends in earnings, authority, and values among salaried managers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 372, 282-301.
    • (1992) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.372 , pp. 282-301
    • Jacobs, J.A.1
  • 32
    • 0002377634 scopus 로고
    • Trends in occupational and industrial segregation in 56 countries, 1960-1980
    • J. A. Jacobs (Ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Jacobs, J. A., & Lim, S. T. (1995). Trends in occupational and industrial segregation in 56 countries, 1960-1980. In J. A. Jacobs (Ed.), Gender inequality at work (pp. 259-293). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1995) Gender Inequality at Work , pp. 259-293
    • Jacobs, J.A.1    Lim, S.T.2
  • 33
    • 0025527197 scopus 로고
    • Compensating differentials and the male-female wage gap: Evidence from the new york state comparable worth study
    • Jacobs, J. A., & Steinberg, R. (1990). Compensating differentials and the male-female wage gap: Evidence from the New York state comparable worth study. Social Forces, 69, 439-468.
    • (1990) Social Forces , vol.69 , pp. 439-468
    • Jacobs, J.A.1    Steinberg, R.2
  • 35
    • 0002350975 scopus 로고
    • Black managers: The dream deferred
    • Jones, E. W., Jr. (1986). Black managers: The dream deferred. Harvard Business Review, 64, 84-93.
    • (1986) Harvard Business Review , vol.64 , pp. 84-93
    • Jones E.W., Jr.1
  • 37
    • 0028606610 scopus 로고
    • Returns to skill, compensating differentials, and gender bias: Effects of occupational characteristics on the wages of white women and men
    • Kilbourne, B. S., England, P., Farkas, G., Beron, K., & Weir, D. (1994). Returns to skill, compensating differentials, and gender bias: Effects of occupational characteristics on the wages of White women and men. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 689-719.
    • (1994) American Journal of Sociology , vol.100 , pp. 689-719
    • Kilbourne, B.S.1    England, P.2    Farkas, G.3    Beron, K.4    Weir, D.5
  • 38
    • 84925910915 scopus 로고
    • The causes and costs of racial exclusion from job authority
    • Kluegel, J. (1978). The causes and costs of racial exclusion from job authority. American Sociological Review, 43, 285-301.
    • (1978) American Sociological Review , vol.43 , pp. 285-301
    • Kluegel, J.1
  • 39
    • 84965695880 scopus 로고
    • Work careers and organizational careers: The effects of age and tenure on attachment to the employment relationship
    • Krecker, M. (1994). Work careers and organizational careers: The effects of age and tenure on attachment to the employment relationship. Work and Occupations, 21, 251-283.
    • (1994) Work and Occupations , vol.21 , pp. 251-283
    • Krecker, M.1
  • 40
    • 0033147563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational segregation and the career mobility of White men and women
    • Maume, D. J. (1999). Occupational segregation and the career mobility of White men and women. Social Forces, 77, 1433-1459.
    • (1999) Social Forces , vol.77 , pp. 1433-1459
    • Maume, D.J.1
  • 41
    • 0002020733 scopus 로고
    • Particularism in authority outcomes of Black and White supervisors
    • Mueller, C. W., Parcel, T. L., Tanaka, K. (1989). Particularism in authority outcomes of Black and White supervisors. Social Science Research, 18, 1-20.
    • (1989) Social Science Research , vol.18 , pp. 1-20
    • Mueller, C.W.1    Parcel, T.L.2    Tanaka, K.3
  • 42
    • 0002510913 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the upward mobility of Black mangers in private sector organizations
    • Nkomo, S. M., & Cox, T. (1990). Factors affecting the upward mobility of Black mangers in private sector organizations. Review of Black Political Economy, 19, 39-57.
    • (1990) Review of Black Political Economy , vol.19 , pp. 39-57
    • Nkomo, S.M.1    Cox, T.2
  • 43
    • 0001320849 scopus 로고
    • Income determinants for women in business
    • A. H Stromberg, L. Larwood, & B. A. Guteck (Eds.), Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Olson, J. E., & Frieze, I. H. (1987). Income determinants for women in business. In A. H Stromberg, L. Larwood, & B. A. Guteck (Eds.), Women and work: An annual review (Vol. 2, pp. 173-206). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1987) Women and Work: An Annual Review , vol.2 , pp. 173-206
    • Olson, J.E.1    Frieze, I.H.2
  • 44
    • 0000349924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender, race, and promotions in a private-sector firm
    • Paulin, E. A., & Mellor, J. M. (1996). Gender, race, and promotions in a private-sector firm. Industrial Relations, 35, 276-295.
    • (1996) Industrial Relations , vol.35 , pp. 276-295
    • Paulin, E.A.1    Mellor, J.M.2
  • 45
    • 84936628942 scopus 로고
    • Bringing the men back in: Sex differentiation and the devaluation of women's work
    • Reskin, B. (1988). Bringing the men back in: Sex differentiation and the devaluation of women's work. Gender and Society, 2, 58-81.
    • (1988) Gender and Society , vol.2 , pp. 58-81
    • Reskin, B.1
  • 46
    • 0000409217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational segregation by race and ethnicity among women workers
    • I. Brown (Ed.), New York: Russell Sage
    • Reskin, B. (1999). Occupational segregation by race and ethnicity among women workers. In I. Brown (Ed.), Latinas and African American women at work (pp. 183-204). New York: Russell Sage.
    • (1999) Latinas and African American Women at Work , pp. 183-204
    • Reskin, B.1
  • 47
    • 85007849867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational segregation by gender, race, and ethnicity
    • Reskin, B., & Cassirer, N. (1996). Occupational segregation by gender, race, and ethnicity. Sociological Focus, 29, 231-243.
    • (1996) Sociological Focus , vol.29 , pp. 231-243
    • Reskin, B.1    Cassirer, N.2
  • 49
    • 0001856844 scopus 로고
    • Jobs, authority and earnings among managers: The continuing significance of sex
    • J. A. Jacobs (Ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Reskin, B., & Ross, C. E. (1995). Jobs, authority and earnings among managers: The continuing significance of sex. In J. A. Jacobs (Ed.), Gender inequality at work. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1995) Gender Inequality at Work
    • Reskin, B.1    Ross, C.E.2
  • 50
    • 3342910383 scopus 로고
    • Tournament mobility: Career patterns in a corporation
    • Rosenbaum, J. E. (1979). Tournament mobility: Career patterns in a corporation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 220-241.
    • (1979) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.24 , pp. 220-241
    • Rosenbaum, J.E.1
  • 51
    • 33847076782 scopus 로고
    • Race and sex differences in career dynamics
    • Rosenfeld, R. (1980). Race and sex differences in career dynamics. American Sociological Review, 45, 583-609.
    • (1980) American Sociological Review , vol.45 , pp. 583-609
    • Rosenfeld, R.1
  • 53
    • 0002601696 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the effect of occupational sex and race composition on earnings
    • R. T. Michael, H. I. Hartmann, & B. O'Farrell (Eds.), Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • Sorenson, E. (1989). Measuring the effect of occupational sex and race composition on earnings. In R. T. Michael, H. I. Hartmann, & B. O'Farrell (Eds.), Pay equity: Empirical inquiries (pp. 49-70). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
    • (1989) Pay Equity: Empirical Inquiries , pp. 49-70
    • Sorenson, E.1
  • 54
    • 84965409027 scopus 로고
    • The social construction of skill
    • Steinberg, R. J. (1990). The social construction of skill. Work and Occupations, 17, 449-482.
    • (1990) Work and Occupations , vol.17 , pp. 449-482
    • Steinberg, R.J.1
  • 56
    • 0009450973 scopus 로고
    • Assessing gender at work: Evidence and issues
    • J. A. Jacobs (Ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Stone, P. (1995). Assessing gender at work: Evidence and issues. In J. A. Jacobs (Ed.), Gender inequality at work (pp. 408-423). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1995) Gender Inequality at Work , pp. 408-423
    • Stone, P.1
  • 57
    • 0031419166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex segregation and occupational inequality in the United States: Devaluation or specialized training?
    • Tam, T. (1997). Sex segregation and occupational inequality in the United States: Devaluation or specialized training? American Journal of Sociology, 102, 1652-1692.
    • (1997) American Journal of Sociology , vol.102 , pp. 1652-1692
    • Tam, T.1
  • 58
    • 0000864174 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing social processes: Life tables and proportional hazards models
    • Teachman, J. D. (1983). Analyzing social processes: Life tables and proportional hazards models. Social Science Research, 12, 263-301.
    • (1983) Social Science Research , vol.12 , pp. 263-301
    • Teachman, J.D.1
  • 61
    • 78049495258 scopus 로고
    • The glass escalator: Hidden advantages for men in the "female" profes-sions
    • Williams, C. L. (1992). The glass escalator: Hidden advantages for men in the "female" profes-sions. Social Problems, 39, 253-267.
    • (1992) Social Problems , vol.39 , pp. 253-267
    • Williams, C.L.1
  • 63
    • 0040007444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways to power: Racial differences in the determinants of job authority
    • Wilson, G. (1997). Pathways to power: Racial differences in the determinants of job authority. Social Problems, 44, 38-54.
    • (1997) Social Problems , vol.44 , pp. 38-54
    • Wilson, G.1
  • 65
    • 0002836833 scopus 로고
    • The declining significance of race: Revisited but not revised
    • C. V. Willie (Ed.), Dix Hills, NY: General Hall
    • Wilson, W. J. (1989). The declining significance of race: Revisited but not revised. In C. V. Willie (Ed.), Caste and class controversy on race and poverty (2nd ed., pp. 22-36). Dix Hills, NY: General Hall.
    • (1989) Caste and Class Controversy on Race and Poverty 2nd Ed. , pp. 22-36
    • Wilson, W.J.1
  • 66
    • 84938052853 scopus 로고
    • Sex and authority in the workplace: The causes of sexual inequality
    • Wolf, W., & Fligstein, N. D. (1979). Sex and authority in the workplace: The causes of sexual inequality. American Sociological Review, 44, 235-252.
    • (1979) American Sociological Review , vol.44 , pp. 235-252
    • Wolf, W.1    Fligstein, N.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.