Gender in the workplace: A case study approach

Gender in the Workplace: A Case Study Approach

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-109

  DeLaat, Jacqueline ^a  

^a MARIETTA COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84949752111     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781452224855     Document Type: Book

References (164)

1. Catalyst. (2005a). Rate of women’s advancement to top corporate officer positions slow, new catalyst tenth anniversary census shows. Retrieved August 22, 2006, at: http://www.catalystwomen.org/files/quicktakes/Quick%20Takes%20-%20Women%20in%20Law.pdf#search=%22Quick%20Takes%3A%20Women%20in%20law%22
2. Catalyst. (2005b). Quick takes: Women in law. Retrieved August 22, 2006, at: http://www.catalystwomen.org/files/quicktakes/Quick%20Takes%20%20Women%20in%20Law.pdf#search=%22Quick%20Takes%3A%20Women%20in%20law%22
3. Catalyst. (2005c). Quick takes: Working and stay-at-home mothers. Retrieved August 22, 2006, at: http://www.catalystwomen.org/files/quicktakes/Quick%20 Takes%20-%20Working%20Mothers.pdf
4. Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, 42 U.S.C. §701 (1981). Retrieved August 22, 2006, at: http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/vii.html
5. Cockburn, C. (1991). In the way of women: Men’s resistance to sex equality in organizations. Ithaca: New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.
6. Coltrane, S. (2004, November). Elite careers and family commitment: It’s (still) about gender. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596, 214-220. doi: 10.1177/0002716204268776 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716204268776
7. Employment Policy Foundation. (2004). More mothers in the labor force this mother’s day. Press release. Retrieved June 30, 2006 at: http://www.epf.org/news/release.asp?nrid=109
8. Epstein, C. F. (1993). Women in law. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
9. Fisher, A. (1992, September 21). When will women get to the top? Fortune, 126(6), 44-56.
10. Ford, R., & McLaughlin, F. (1988, November/December). Sexual harassment at work. Business Horizons, 31(6), 14-19. doi: 10.1016/0007-6813(88)90018-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813%2888%2990018-3
11. Frank, B., & Schiffman, R. (1998, February 23). Prevalence and correlates of harassment among US women physicians. Internal Medicine, 158, 352-358. doi: 10.1001/archinte.158.4.352 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.4.352
12. Galen, M., Weber, J., & Cuneo, A. (1991, October 18). Sexual harassment: Out of the shadows. BusinessWeek, 31, 14-19.
13. Goldin, C. (1990). Understanding the gender gap: An economic history of American women. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
14. Hall, D. (1990, winter). Balancing work life and home life: What can organizations do to help? Academy of Management Executive, 2, 213-223. doi: 10.5465/AME.1988.4277258 http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AME.1988.4277258
15. Jacobs, J. A., & Berkowitz, R. (2002). Age and college completion: A life-history analysis of women aged 15-44. Sociology of Education, 75, 211-230. doi: 10.2307/3090266 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3090266
16. Jacobs, J. A., & Gerson, K. (2004). The time divide: Work, family and gender inequality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
17. Jacobs, J. A., & Madden, J. F. (Eds.). (2004, November). Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596.
18. Karsten, M. F. (1994). Management and gender: Issues and attitudes. Westport, CT: Praeger.
19. Moen, P., & Han, S. K. (2001). Gendered careers: A life-course perspective. In R. Hertz & N. L. Marshall (Eds.), Working families: The transformation of the American home. (42-57). Berkeley: University of California Press.
20. Murray, B. (1998, August). Psychology’s voice in sexual harassment law. American Psychological Association Monitor, 21, 58.
21. National Commission on Pay Equity. (1991). After 28 years, equal pay for equal work still not achieved. Newsnotes, 12, 3.
22. National Council for Research on Women. (2001). Balancing the equation: Where women are in science, engineering, and technology. Retrieved June 30, 2006 at: http://www.ncrw.org/publications/pubs.htm
23. Pleck, J. H., & Masciadrelli, B. P. (2003). Paternal involvement: Levels, sources and consequences. In M. E. Lam (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (4th ed.) (pp. 181-204). New York: John Wiley.
24. Powell, G. N., & Graves L.M. (2003). Women and men in management (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
25. Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, 42 U.S.C. §701(k) (1981).
26. Reskin, B., & Padavic, I. (2002). Women and men at work (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781452233857 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452233857
27. Rhode, D. (2001). The unfinished agenda: Women in the legal profession. Chicago: American Bar Association Commission on Women in the Profession.
28. Symonds, W. C. (2002, June 10). The killer perk. BusinessWeek, p. 101. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_23/b3786610.htm?chan=search
29. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1990, 2000). Detailed occupation and other characteristics from the EEO File for the United States. Retrieved August 22, 2006, at: http://www.census.gov/eeo2000/index.html
30. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2004a). Current population survey, Table 39, Median weekly earnings of full-time and salaried workers by detailed occupation and sex. Retrieved August 18, 2006, at: http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaaT39.pdf
31. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2004b). Employee benefits survey. Percent of all workers with access to employer assistance for child care. Retrieved August 22, 2006, at: http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost
32. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004). Statistics, sexual harassment. Retrieved August 22, 2006, at: http://www.eeoc.gov/stats/harass.html
33. U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board. (1995). Sexual harassment in the federal workforce: Trends, progress and continuing challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
34. Vianello, M., & Moore, M. (2000). Gendering elites: Economic and political leadership in 27 industrialized societies. New York: Macmillan.
35. Wax, A. (2004). Family-friendly workplace reform: The prospects for change. In J. A. Jacobs and J. F. Manning (Eds.), Mommies and daddies on the fast track [Special issue]. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596, 36-61. doi: 10.1177/0002716204269189 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716204269189
36. Why the gap remains a chasm. (2004, June 14). BusinessWeek, p. 58.
37. Bolles, R. (2000). What color is your parachute? A practical guide for job-hunters and career changers. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press.
38. Britton, D. (2000). The epistemology of the gendered organization. Gender & Society, 11, 796-818. doi: 10.1177/089124397011006005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124397011006005
39. Catalyst. (2005). 2005 Catalyst census of women corporate officers and top earners. New York: Catalyst.
40. Cobb-Clark, D., & Dunlop, Y. (1999). The role of gender in job promotions. Monthly Labor Review, 122, 32-38.
41. Jacobs, J. A. (1999). The sex segregation of occupations: Prospects for the 21st century. In G. N. Powell (Ed.), Handbook of gender and work (pp. 125-141). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781452231365 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452231365
42. Konrad, A. M., Ritchie, J. E., Lieb, P., & Corrigall, E. (2000). Sex differences and similarities in job attribute preferences: A meta analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 593-641. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.4.593 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.4.593
43. Marsden, P., & Gorman, E. (2001). Social networks, job changes, and recruitment. In I. Berg and A. L. Kalleberg (Eds.), Sourcebook of labor markets: Evolving structures and processes (pp. 467-502). New York: Plenum. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1225-7_19 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1225-7_19
44. Moore, D. P. (1999). Women entrepreneurs: Approaching a new millennium. In G. N. Powell (Ed.), Handbook of gender and work (pp. 371-390). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781452231365 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452231365
45. Powell, G. N., & Butterfield, D. A. (2002, August). As the millennium turns: Gender and aspirations to top management. Paper presented at the meeting of the Academy of Management, Denver, CO.
46. Powell, G. N., & Parent, J. D. (2002). Gender and managerial stereotypes: Have the times changed? Journal of Management, 28, 177-193. doi: 10.1177/014920630202800203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630202800203
47. Reskin, B. (2001). Employment discrimination and its remedies. In I. Berg & A. L. Kalleberg (Eds.), Sourcebook of labor markets: Evolving structures and process (pp. 567-599). New York: Plenum. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1225-7_23 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1225-7_23
48. Reskin, B., & Padavic, I. (2002). Women and men at work. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
49. Twomey D. (1990). Equal employment opportunity law. Chicago: South-Western.
50. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2002). A new look through the glass ceiling: Where are the women? Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office.
51. Wind, A. (1995). Demand letter for client. Washington, DC: Wind & Associates.
52. BBC News. (2002, January 9). Concern at Chinese family planning law. London: Author.
53. Changes in China’s marriage law in 2001. (2002, January 5). China News Digest.
54. Cooke, F. L. (2001). Equal opportunity? The role of legislation and public policies in women’s employment in China. Women in Management Review, 16(7), 334-348. doi: 10.1108/EUM0000000006115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006115
55. Dowd, S. (1995). Women and the word: The silencing of the feminine. In J. Peters & A. Wolper (Eds.), Women’s rights/human rights (pp. 317-323). New York: Routledge.
56. Honh, Z. (1995). The testimony of women writers: The situation of women in China today. In J. Peters & A. Wolper (Eds.), Women’s rights/human rights (pp. 96-100). New York: Routledge.
57. Jacka, T. (1997). Women’s work in rural China: Change and continuity in an era of reform. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511518157 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511518157
58. Louie, K. (2002). Theorizing Chinese masculinity: Society and gender in China. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
59. Meng, X. (1998). Male-female wage determination and gender discrimination in China’s rural industrial sector. Labour Economics, 5, 67-89. doi: 10.1016/S0927-5371(97)00028-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371%2897%2900028-6
60. Pearson, V. (1995). Goods on which one loses: Women and mental health in China. Social Science Medicine, 41, 1159-1173. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00424-R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536%2894%2900424-R
61. Rural women sample state affairs. (2002, May 14). China Daily, p. 10.
62. Shaffer, M. A., Joplin, J. R. W., Bell, M. P., Lau, T., & Oguz, C. (2000a). Disruptions to women’s social identity: A comparative study of workplace stress experienced by women in three geographic regions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(4), 441-456. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.5.4.441 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.4.441
63. Shaffer, M. A., Joplin, J. R. W., Bell, M. P., Lau, T., & Oguz, C. (2000b). Gender discrimination and job-related outcomes: A cross-cultural comparison of working women in the United States and China. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 395-427. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.1999.1748 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1748
64. Summerfield, G. (1994). Economic reform and the employment of Chinese women. Journal of Economic Issues, 28(3), 715-732.
65. United Nations. Economic and Social Commission. (1998). Women and men in the ESCAP region. New York: Author.
66. United Nations. Economic and Social Commission. (1999). Statistics on women in Asia and the Pacific, 1999. New York: Author.
67. What they are saying: Protecting women’s rights. (2002, May 11). China Daily, p. 4.
68. Xin, F. (1995). The Chinese cultural system: Implications for cross-cultural management. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 60, 14-20.
69. Zhang, H. X. (1999). Female migration and urban labour markets in Tianjin. Development and Change, 30(1), 21-41. doi: 10.1111/1467-7660.00106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00106
70. Zhang, M., & Zhao, L. L. (1999). The situations of labour protection for female workers in Guangdong Province. China National Conditions and Strength, 12, 37.
71. Zheng, X.-Y. (1995). Zhong-guo nu xing ren kou wen it yu fa zhan [The problem of Chinese women population and its development]. Beijing: Beijing University Press.
72. Zhong, J. (1994). Zhong-guo xing sao rao xian xiang ji dui ce [Sexual harassment of women in China and its coping strategies]. Sichuan: Sichuan People.
73. American Bar Association. (2000). Career satisfaction survey. Chicago: Author.
74. American Bar Association. (2001). Balanced lives: Changing the culture of legal practice. Chicago: Author.
75. Epstein, C. F., Saute, R., Oglensky, B., & Gever, M. (1995). Glass ceilings and open doors: Women’s advancement in the legal profession. Fordham Law Review, 64, 302-305.
76. Epstein, P. H. (2004). Women-at-law: Lessons learned along the pathways to success. Chicago: American Bar Association.
77. Ezold v. Wolf, Block, Schorr and Solis-Cohen, 983 F. 2d 509 (3rd Cir. 1992).
78. Glass Ceiling Commission. (1995). A solid investment: Making full use of the nation’s human capital. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
79. Hull, R., & Nelson, R. K. (2000). Assimilation, choice, or constraint? Testing theories of gender differences in the careers of lawyers. Social Forces, 79, 229-264.
80. Karsten, M. F. (1994). Equal employment. In M. F. Karsten (Ed.), Management and gender (pp. 39-56). Westport, CT: Praeger.
81. Kay, F. M. (1997). Flight from law: A competing risks model of departures from law firms. Law and Society Review, 31, 301-335. doi: 10.2307/3053928 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3053928
82. National Association for Legal Practice. (2003). Keeping the keepers II: The management of associates. Washington, DC: Author.
83. National Association of Women Lawyers. (1996, February 2). The shoemaker’s children-employment law issues relating to women and families in the law firm: A dialogue reflecting the firm’s perspective and the lawyer’s perspective. NAWL Program at the American Bar Association Midwinter Meeting.
84. Noonan, M. C., & Corcoran, M. E. (2004, November). The mommy track and partnership: Temporary delay or dead end? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596, 130-150. doi: 10.1177/0002716204268773 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716204268773
85. Nossel, S., & Westfall, E. (1998). Presumed equal: What America’s top women lawyers really think about their firms (2nd ed.). Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press.
86. Reichman, N. J., & Sterling, J. S. (2002). Recasting the brass ring: Deconstructing and reconstructing workplace opportunities for women lawyers. Capital University Law Review, 29, 923-977.
87. Rhode, Deborah. (2001). The unfinished agenda: Women in the legal profession. Chicago: American Bar Association Commission on Women in the Profession.
88. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2003). Diversity in law firms. Retrieved August 28, 2006, at: http://www.eeoc.gov/stats/reports/diversitylaw/index.html
89. Albaugh, G. K., Bellavance, E., Hadeed, J. H., Parker, M., & Alexander, J. B. (2003, October). Gender specific differences influencing choice of specialty and opinion of surgery among medical students. Journal of Surgical Research, 114(2), 296. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2003.08.083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2003.08.083
90. American College of Surgeons. (2000). Results: 1994-1995 and 1995-1996 graduates of surgical residencies. Retrieved August 25, 2006, at: http://www.facs.org/jacs/lead_articles/jun99results.html
91. American Medical Association. (1994). Report on the women physician leaders’ summit. Chicago: Author.
92. American Medical Association. (2000). Physician masterfile, Dec. 2000. Chicago: Author.
93. American Medical Association. (2003). Characteristics of physicians, 2003. Chicago: Author.
94. American Medical Association. (2004). Physician characteristics and distribution in the US, 2003-2004 edition. Chicago: Author.
95. American Medical Association. (2005). Characteristics of physicians, 2005. Chicago: Author.
96. Association of American Medical Colleges. (2004). Women in U.S. academic medicine: Statistics and medical school benchmarking, 2003-2004. Retrieved August 26, 2006, at: http://www.aamc.org/members/wim/statistics/stats04/start.htm
97. Boulis, A. (2004, November). The evolution of gender and motherhood in contemporary medicine. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596, 172-181. doi: 10.1177/0002716204268923 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716204268923
98. Braus, P. (1994). How women will change medicine. American Demographics, 16, 40-46.
99. Carr, P. L., Szalacha, L., Barnett, R., Caswell, C., & Inui, L. (2003, December). A ton of feathers: Gender discrimination in academic medical careers and how to manage it. Journal of Women’s Health, 12 (10), 1009-1018. doi: 10.1089/154099903322643938 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/154099903322643938
100. Croasdale, M. (2004, September). The 63% question: Why are female physicians lagging behind? American Medical News. Retrieved August 21, 2006, at: http://www.womensderm.org/news/63_percent_question.html
101. Eisenberg, C. (1989). Medicine is no longer a man’s profession: Or, when the men’s club goes coed, it’s time to change the regs. New England Journal of Medicine, 321, 1542-1544. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198911303212210 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198911303212210
102. Finley M. (1995). When the doctor is a woman, from women like us, reprinted on the Internet home page of Women in Medicine, University of Texas at Austin.
103. Fong, K. M. (1995, November 19). Women mentoring women will overcome glass-ceiling barriers. Los Angeles Times, p. B2.
104. Fried, L. P., Francomano, C. A., MacDonald, S. M., Wagner, E. M., Stokes, E. J., Carbone, K. M., Bias, W. B., Newman, M. M., & Stobo, J. D. (1996). Career development for women in academic medicine: Multiple interventions in a department of medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276, 898-905. doi: 10.1001/jama.1996.03540110052031 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540110052031
105. Higgins, L. (1994). Mentoring moves mountains. Stanford Medicine, 11, 4-8.
106. Komaromy, M., Bindman, A. B., Haber, R. J., & Sande, M. A. (1993). Sexual harassment in medical training. New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 322-326. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199302043280507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199302043280507
107. Levy, D. (1996, August 6). Women doctors see earnings picture improve. USA Today.
108. Lorber, J. (1984). Women physicians. New York: Tavistock.
109. Massachusetts Medical Society. (1996). Editorial: Women physicians-good news and bad news. New England Journal of Medicine, 334, 982-983. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199604113341510 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199604113341510
110. Ragins, B. R. (1999). Gender and mentoring relationships: A review and research agenda for the next decade. In G. N. Powell (Ed.), Handbook of gender and work (pp. 347-370). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781452231365 http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452231365
111. Robinson, G. E. (2004). Career satisfaction in female physicians. Student Journal of American Medical Association, 291, 635. Retrieved August 25, 2006, at: http://jama.ama.assn.org/cgi/content/full/291/5/635. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.5.635 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.5.635
112. U.S. Census. (2000). Evidence from Census 2000 about earnings by detailed occupation for men and women. Retrieved August 20, 2006, at: http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-15.pdf
113. Women’s Physicians Congress. (2005). Table 5: Women physicians by specialties. Retrieved May 20, 2006 at: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/12916.html
114. Blair-Loy, M. (2003). Competing devotions: Career and family among women executives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
115. Feldman, C. (1997). I work too: Working wives talk about their dual-career lives. Santa Barbara, CA: Blue Point.
116. Gappa, J. M., & Leslie, D. (1993). The invisible faculty: Improving the status of part-timers in higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
117. Hochschild, A. (1989). The second shift. New York: Viking.
118. Jacobs, J. (2004). The faculty time divide. Sociological Forum, 19(1), 3-27. doi: 10.1023/B: SOFO.0000019646.82538.cc http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B: SOFO.0000019646.82538.cc
119. Jacobs, J., & Winslow, S. E. (2004). Overworked faculty: Job stresses and family demands. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596, 104-129. doi: 10.1177/0002716204268185 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716204268185
120. Mason, M. A., & Goulden, M. (2004). Marriage and baby blues: Redefining gender equity in the academy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596, 84-103.
121. Moen, P. (Ed.). (2003). It’s about time: Couples and careers. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.
122. Padavic, I., & Reskin, B. (2002). Women and men at work, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
123. Schwartz, F. (1989, January/February). Management women and the new facts of life. Harvard Business Review, pp. 65-76.
124. Williams, J. C. (2005, November). Are your parental-leave policies legal? Chronicle of Higher Education, 51(23), C1-C4.
125. Casagrande, S. (2004, November 29). Working women face upward battle. Bonn: Deutsche Welle. Retrieved September 1, 2006, at: http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1379189,00.html
126. Corbett, D. (2005, November 4). Work-life balance gets boost in Germany. Bonn: Deutsche Welle. Retrieved September 2, 2006, at: http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1538716,00.html
127. Drobnic, S., Blossfeld, H.-P., & Rohwer, G. (1999, February 1). Dynamics of women’s employment patterns over the family life course: A comparison of the United States and Germany. Journal of Marriage & Family, 61(1), 2422-2445.
128. Federal Statistical Office of Germany. (2003, June 12). Microcensus 2002: 35% of all mothers, but not more than 3% of all fathers work part-time. Press release. Wiesbaden, Germany: Author. Retrieved September 2, 2006, at: http://www.destatis.de/presse/englisch/pm2003/p2390024.htm
129. Goldsmith, R. (2005, June 15). Laer leads German childcare revolution. London: BBC. Retrieved September 2, 2006, at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/4095408.stm
130. Janes, J. (2006). Forks in the reform roads in Germany and the U.S. Washington, DC: American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. Retrieved September 2, 2006, at: http://www.aicgs.org/adaview.aspx?pageid=242
131. Leixnering, A. (2004, July 10). For German women glass ceiling hangs low. Bonn: Deutsche Welle. Retrieved September 2, 2006, at: http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,1263544,00.html
132. Marriage and family in Germany. (n.d.). Retrieved September 2, 2006, at: http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/facts/bl_marriage.htm
133. U.S. Department of Labor. (2006). Leave benefits: Family and medical leave act. Retrieved September 2, 2006, at: http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/benefits-leave/fmla.htm
134. Vogelheim, E. (2005). The Alliance for Jobs in Germany: The promise and failure of gender mainstreaming. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 27(1/2), 163-173 doi: 10.1300/J501v27n01_10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J501v27n01_10
135. Ziwica, K. (2004, July 21). Germany struggles to close daycare gap. Bonn: Deutsche Welle. Retrieved September 2, 2006, at: http://www.dw-world.de/popups/popup_printcontent/0,1272458,00.html
136. Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth, 524 U.S. 742 (1998). Retrieved August 25, 2006, at: http://www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/case/1109
137. Crist, G. (2003, May 9). Upperclassmen’s power theme in AFA sex probe. Rocky Mountain News, p. 30A.
138. de Vise, D. (2005, March 19). Defense Dept. surveys academy sexual assaults. Washington Post, p. A1.
139. Graham, B. (1996, June 15). At least half of military women face harassment, despite falloff. Washington Post, p. A1.
140. Graham, B. (2004, February 26). Military faulted on assault cases. Washington Post, p. A19.
141. Meritor Savings Bank, PSB v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57 (1986). Retrieved August 25, 2006, at: http://www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/case/240
142. Military academies faulted in harassment. (2005, August 26). Washington Post, p. A11.
143. Moffeit, M. (2003, March 26). 79 percent of female veterans report being sexually harassed. Denver Post, p. A8.
144. Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders, 542 U.S. 129 (2004). Available: http://www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/case/1714
145. Rank’s role in harassment cases. (2000, May 18). Washington Post, p. A26.
146. Report of the Defense Task Force on Sexual Harassment and Violence at the Military Service Academies. (2005). Retrieved September 2, 2006, at: http://www.dtic.mil/dtfs/doc_recd/High_GPO_RRC_tx.pdf
147. Senate Committee on Armed Services. (2004). Allegations of sexual assault at the U.S. Air Force Academy. S. Hrg. 108-652. CIS-NO: 2004-S201-13. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
148. Senate Committee on Armed Services. (2005). Policies and programs for preventing and responding to incidents of sexual assaults in the armed services. S. Hrg. 108-799. CIS-NO: 2005-S201-11. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
149. Stout, D. (2005, January 5). Pentagon toughens policy on sexual assault. New York Times, p. A21.
150. U.S. Merit System Protection Board. (1995, October). Sexual harassment in the federal workplace: Trends, progress, continuing challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
151. Davis, M. F. (2005). Child care as a human right: A new perspective on an old debate. Women, Politics & Policy, 21(1-2), 173-180. doi: 10.1300/J501v27n01_11 http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J501v27n01_11
152. Folby, N. (2001). The invisible heart: Economics and family values. New York: New Press.
153. Friedan, B. (1963). The feminine mystique. New York: W. W. Norton.
154. Friedan, B. (1997). Beyond gender: The new politics of work and family. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
155. Garland, S. (1991, September 2). Commentary: How to keep women managers on the corporate ladder. Business Week, p. 64.
156. Goldin, C. (1990). Understanding the gender gap: An economic history of American women. New York: Oxford University Press.
157. Goldin, C. (2004, November). The long road to the fast track: Career and family. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596, 20-35. doi: 10.1177/0002716204267959 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716204267959
158. Hochschild, A. R. (1997). The time bind: When work becomes home and home becomes work. New York: Metropolitan Books.
159. Jacobs, J. A., & Madden, J. F. (Eds.). (2004, November). Mommies and daddies on the fast track: Success of parents in demanding professions. [Special issue.] Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596.
160. Jacobs, J. A., Madden, J. F., & Winslow, S. E. (2004). Overworked faculty: Job stresses and family demands. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596, 104-129. doi: 10.1177/0002716204268185 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716204268185
161. Komaromy M., Bindman, A. B., Haber, R. J., & Sande, M. A. (1993). Sexual harassment in medical training. New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 322-326. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199302043280507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199302043280507
162. Kuhn, T. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
163. Schein, E. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
164. Vogelheim, E. (2005). The alliance for jobs in Germany: The promise and failure of gender mainstreaming. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 21(1-2), 163-172. doi: 10.1300/J501v27n01_10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J501v27n01_10