Shortfalls in the global protected area network at representing marine biodiversity

Scientific Reports

Volumn 5, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Klein, Carissa J ^a   Brown, Christopher J ^a,b   Halpern, Benjamin S ^c,d,e   Segan, Daniel B ^f   McGowan, Jennifer ^a   Beger, Maria ^a   Watson, James E M ^a,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e NATIONAL CENTER FOR ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS   (United States)

^f WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; FISH; HUMAN; INVERTEBRATE; MAMMAL; MARINE SPECIES; ANIMAL; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FACTUAL DATABASE; PROCEDURES; SEA; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ANIMALS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; DATABASES, FACTUAL; ECOSYSTEM; FISHES; INVERTEBRATES; MAMMALS; OCEANS AND SEAS;

EID: 84949008622     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep17539     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Jackson, J. B. C. et al. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science (80-.). 293, 629-638 (2001).
2. Lotze, H. K. et al. Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science 312, 1806-1809 (2006).
3. Lester, S. E. et al. Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: A global synthesis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 384, 33-46 (2009).
4. Allison, G. W., Lubchenco, J. & Carr, M. H. Marine reserves are necessary but not sufficient for marine conservation. Ecol. Appl. 8, S79-S92 (1998).
5. Spalding, M., Meliane, I., Milam, A., Fitzgerald, C. & Hale, L. Protecting marine spaces: global targets and changing approaches. Ocean Yearb. 27, 213-248 (2013).
6. Juffe-Bignoli, D. et al. Protected Planet Report 2014. Technical Report. (2014). Available at: https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2014-043.pdf. (Accessed: 26th September 2015).
7. Rodrigues, A. S. L. et al. Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428, 640-643 (2004).
8. Jennings, M. D. Gap analysis: concepts, methods, and recent results. Landsc. Ecol. 15, 5-20 (2000).
9. Barr, L. M. & Possingham, H. P. Are outcomes matching policy commitments in Australian marine conservation planning? Mar. Policy 42, 39-48 (2013).
10. Wood, L. J., Fish, L., Laughren, J. & Pauly, D. Assessing progress towards global marine protection targets: shortfalls in information and action. Oryx 42, 340-351 (2008).
11. Mora, C. et al. Coral reefs and the global network of marine protected areas. Science (80-.). 312, 1750-1751 (2006).
12. Butchart, S. H. M. et al. Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets. Conserv. Lett. doi: 10.1111/conl.12158 (2015).
13. IUCN and UNEP-WCMC. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). (2014). Available at www.protectedplanet.net. (Accessed: 1 November 2014).
14. Kaschner, K. et al. AquaMaps: Predicted range maps for aquatic species. (2013). Available at http://www.aquamaps.org. (Accessed: 15 September 2014).
15. Game, E. T. et al. Informed opportunism for conservation planning in the Solomon Islands. Conserv. Lett. 4, 38-46 (2011).
16. Soulé, M. E. & Sanjayan, M. A. Conservation targets: do they help? Science (80-.). 279, 2060-2061 (1998).
17. Weeks, R. et al. Developing Marine Protected Area Networks in the Coral Triangle: Good Practices for Expanding the Coral Triangle Marine Protected Area System. Coast. Manag. 42, 183-205 (2014).
18. Gell, F. R. & Roberts, C. M. Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marine reserves. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 448-455 (2003).
19. UNEP-WCMC. World Database on Protected Area Data Standards. (2012). Available at: http://old.unep-wcmc.org/worlddatabase-on-protected-areas-wdpa-data-standards-966.html. (Accessed: 26th September 2015).
20. Day, J. et al. Guidelines for applying the IUCN Protected Area Managment Categories to Marine Protected Areas. (2012). Available at: https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/iucn-categoriesmpa-eng.pdf. (Accessed: 26 September 2015).
21. Boitani, L. et al. Change the IUCN protected area categories to reflect biodiversity outcomes. PLoS Biol. 6, e66 (2008).
22. Dudley, N., Parrish, J. D., Redford, K. H. & Stolton, S. The revised IUCN protected area management categories: the debate and ways forward. Oryx 44, 485-490 (2010).
23. Watson, J. E. M., Dudley, N., Segan, D. B. & Hockings, M. The performance and potential of protected areas. Nature 515, 67-73 (2014).
24. Green, A. L. et al. Larval dispersal and movement patterns of coral reef fishes, and implications for marine reserve network design. Biol. Rev. (2014). doi: 10.1111/brv.12155
25. Schofield, G. et al. Satellite tracking large numbers of individuals to infer population level dispersal and core areas for the protection of an endangered species. Divers. Distrib. 19, 834-844 (2013).
26. De Mitcheson, Y. S. et al. A global baseline for spawning aggregations of reef fishes. Conserv. Biol. 22, 1233-1244 (2008).
27. Ready, J. et al. Predicting the distributions of marine organisms at the global scale. Ecol. Modell. 221, 467-478 (2010).
28. Brown, C. J. & Mumby, P. J. Trade-offs between fisheries and the conservation of ecosystem function are defined by management strategy. Front. Ecol. Environ. 12, 324-329 (2014).
29. Sandwith, Trevor, et al. The Promise of Sydney: an editorial essay. Parks: The International Journal for Protected Area Managers 20.1, 7-18 (2014).
30. Converence of the Parties Decision X/2: Strategic plan for biodiversity 2011-2020. (2011). Available at: https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=12268. (Accessed: 26 September 2015).
31. Possingham, H. P. & Wilson, K. A. Biodiversity - Turning up the heat on hotspots. Nature 436, 919-920 (2005).
32. Margules, C. R. & Pressey, R. L. Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405, 243-253 (2000).
33. Edgar, G. J. et al. Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features. Nature 506, 216-20 (2014).
34. Visconti, P. et al. Effects of errors and gaps in spatial data sets on assessment of conservation progress. Conserv. Biol. 27, 1000-1010 (2013).