-
1
-
-
56149083852
-
Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses - United States, 2000-2004
-
Adhikari B, Kahende J, Malarcher A, et al. (2008). Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 57: 1226-8
-
(2008)
MMWR
, vol.57
, pp. 1226-1228
-
-
Adhikari, B.1
Kahende, J.2
Malarcher, A.3
-
2
-
-
0030876034
-
Smokeless tobacco use and atherosclerosis: An ultrasonographic investigation of carotid intima media thickness in healthy middle-aged men
-
Bolinder G, Norén A, de Faire U, Wahren J. (1997). Smokeless tobacco use and atherosclerosis: an ultrasonographic investigation of carotid intima media thickness in healthy middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis 132: 95-103
-
(1997)
Atherosclerosis
, vol.132
, pp. 95-103
-
-
Bolinder, G.1
Norén, A.2
De Faire, U.3
Wahren, J.4
-
3
-
-
84868323862
-
The chemical composition of smokeless tobacco: A survey of products sold in The United States in 2006 and 2007
-
Borgerding MF, Bodnar JA, Curtin GM, Swauger JE. (2012). The chemical composition of smokeless tobacco: a survey of products sold in The United States in 2006 and 2007. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 64: 367-87
-
(2012)
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
, vol.64
, pp. 367-387
-
-
Borgerding, M.F.1
Bodnar, J.A.2
Curtin, G.M.3
Swauger, J.E.4
-
4
-
-
70350435242
-
A cross-sectional investigation of biomarkers of risk after a decade of smoking
-
Calapai G, Caputi AP, Mannucci C, et al. (2009). A cross-sectional investigation of biomarkers of risk after a decade of smoking. Inhal Toxicol 21: 1138-43
-
(2009)
Inhal Toxicol
, vol.21
, pp. 1138-1143
-
-
Calapai, G.1
Caputi, A.P.2
Mannucci, C.3
-
5
-
-
0025768302
-
Cardiovascular risk factors in young snuff-users and cigarette smokers
-
Eliasson M, Lundblad D, Hägg E. (1991). Cardiovascular risk factors in young snuff-users and cigarette smokers. J Intern Med 230: 17-22
-
(1991)
J Intern Med
, vol.230
, pp. 17-22
-
-
Eliasson, M.1
Lundblad, D.2
Hägg, E.3
-
6
-
-
79957893988
-
Biomarkers of potential harm among adult smokers and nonsmokers in The total exposure study
-
Frost-Pineda K, Liang Q, Liu J, et al. (2011). Biomarkers of potential harm among adult smokers and nonsmokers in The total exposure study. Nicotine Tob Res 13: 182-93
-
(2011)
Nicotine Tob Res
, vol.13
, pp. 182-193
-
-
Frost-Pineda, K.1
Liang, Q.2
Liu, J.3
-
7
-
-
34047173118
-
Biomarkers to assess The utility of potential reduced exposure tobacco products
-
Hatsukami DK, Benowitz NL, Rennard SI, et al. (2006). Biomarkers to assess The utility of potential reduced exposure tobacco products. Nicotine Tob Res 8: 600-22
-
(2006)
Nicotine Tob Res
, vol.8
, pp. 600-622
-
-
Hatsukami, D.K.1
Benowitz, N.L.2
Rennard, S.I.3
-
8
-
-
85019280844
-
Factors involved in differential Giemsa-staining of sister chromatids
-
Goto K, Maeda S, Kano Y, Sugiyama T. (1978). Factors involved in differential Giemsa-staining of sister chromatids. Nature 251: 156-8
-
(1978)
Nature
, vol.251
, pp. 156-158
-
-
Goto, K.1
Maeda, S.2
Kano, Y.3
Sugiyama, T.4
-
9
-
-
33847608658
-
Tobacco-related disease mortality among men who switched from cigarettes to spit tobacco
-
Henley SJ, Connell CJ, Richter P, et al. (2007). Tobacco-related disease mortality among men who switched from cigarettes to spit tobacco. Tob Control 16: 22-8
-
(2007)
Tob Control
, vol.16
, pp. 22-28
-
-
Henley, S.J.1
Connell, C.J.2
Richter, P.3
-
10
-
-
84948712634
-
-
International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) last accessed 2 Aug 2014]
-
International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). (1996). Guidance for industry E6 good clinical practice: consolidated guidance. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM073122.pdf [last accessed 2 Aug 2014]
-
(1996)
Guidance for industry E6 good clinical practice: Consolidated guidance. Available from
-
-
-
11
-
-
3943059538
-
Smoking cessation rapidly increases circulating progenitor cells in peripheral blood in chronic smokers
-
Kondo T, Hayashi M, Takeshita K, et al. (2004). Smoking cessation rapidly increases circulating progenitor cells in peripheral blood in chronic smokers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24: 1442-7
-
(2004)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
, vol.24
, pp. 1442-1447
-
-
Kondo, T.1
Hayashi, M.2
Takeshita, K.3
-
12
-
-
0016301035
-
Sister chromatid exchanges, indices of human chromosome damage and repair: Detection by fluorescence and induction by mitomycin C.
-
Latt SA. (1974). Sister chromatid exchanges, indices of human chromosome damage and repair: Detection by fluorescence and induction by mitomycin C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 3162-6
-
(1974)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
, vol.71
, pp. 3162-3166
-
-
Latt, S.A.1
-
13
-
-
79952073373
-
Summary of The epidemiological evidence relating snus to health
-
Lee PN. (2011). Summary of The epidemiological evidence relating snus to health. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 59: 197-214
-
(2011)
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
, vol.59
, pp. 197-214
-
-
Lee, P.N.1
-
14
-
-
11144237269
-
The relative risks of a low-nitrosamine smokeless tobacco product compared with smoking cigarettes: Estimates of a panel of experts
-
Levy DT, Mumford EA, Cummings KM, et al. (2004). The relative risks of a low-nitrosamine smokeless tobacco product compared with smoking cigarettes: estimates of a panel of experts. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13: 2035-42
-
(2004)
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
, vol.13
, pp. 2035-2042
-
-
Levy, D.T.1
Mumford, E.A.2
Cummings, K.M.3
-
15
-
-
63849215165
-
Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in smokers, former smokers and never-smokers
-
Lowe FJ, Gregg EO, McEwan M. (2009). Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in smokers, former smokers and never-smokers. Clin Chem Lab Med 47: 311-20
-
(2009)
Clin Chem Lab Med
, vol.47
, pp. 311-320
-
-
Lowe, F.J.1
Gregg, E.O.2
McEwan, M.3
-
16
-
-
84876520238
-
Lung cancer biomarkers for The assessment of modified risk tobacco products: An oxidative stress perspective
-
Lowe FJ, Luettich K, Gregg EO. (2013). Lung cancer biomarkers for The assessment of modified risk tobacco products: an oxidative stress perspective. Biomarkers 18: 183-95
-
(2013)
Biomarkers
, vol.18
, pp. 183-195
-
-
Lowe, F.J.1
Luettich, K.2
Gregg, E.O.3
-
17
-
-
84929399834
-
Study of cardiovascular disease biomarkers among tobacco consumers. Part 3: Evaluation and comparison with The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
-
Marano KM, Kathman SJ, Jones BA, et al. (2015). Study of cardiovascular disease biomarkers among tobacco consumers. Part 3: evaluation and comparison with The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Inhal Toxicol 27: 167-73
-
(2015)
Inhal Toxicol
, vol.27
, pp. 167-173
-
-
Marano, K.M.1
Kathman, S.J.2
Jones, B.A.3
-
18
-
-
84948712060
-
Quantitative risk assessment of tobacco-burning and tobacco-heating cigarettes
-
Marano KM, Naufal ZS, Borgerding MB, Potts RJ. (2012). Quantitative risk assessment of tobacco-burning and tobacco-heating cigarettes. Rec Adv Tob Sci 38: 3-20
-
(2012)
Rec Adv Tob Sci
, vol.38
, pp. 3-20
-
-
Marano, K.M.1
Naufal, Z.S.2
Borgerding, M.B.3
Potts, R.J.4
-
19
-
-
84929402037
-
Study of cardiovascular disease biomarkers among tobacco consumers, part 2: Biomarkers of biological effect
-
Nordskog BK, Brown BG, Marano KM, et al. (2015). Study of cardiovascular disease biomarkers among tobacco consumers, part 2: biomarkers of biological effect. Inhal Toxicol 27: 157-66
-
(2015)
Inhal Toxicol
, vol.27
, pp. 157-166
-
-
Nordskog, B.K.1
Brown, B.G.2
Marano, K.M.3
-
20
-
-
84897360903
-
Estimating The harms of nicotine-containing products using The MCDA approach
-
Nutt DJ, Phillips LD, Balfour D, et al. (2014). Estimating The harms of nicotine-containing products using The MCDA approach. Eur Addict Res 20: 218-25
-
(2014)
Eur Addict Res
, vol.20
, pp. 218-225
-
-
Nutt, D.J.1
Phillips, L.D.2
Balfour, D.3
-
23
-
-
84948720048
-
Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: Part 2
-
Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.3109/1354750X.2015.1094134
-
Ogden MW, Marano KM, Jones BA, et al. (2015b). Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: part 2. Biomarkers of exposure. Biomarkers. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.3109/1354750X.2015.1094134
-
(2015)
Biomarkers of Exposure. Biomarkers
-
-
Ogden, M.W.1
Marano, K.M.2
Jones, B.A.3
-
24
-
-
0025605174
-
Short-term smoking reduction is associated with reduction in measures of lower respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers
-
Rennard SI, Daughton D, Fujita J, et al. (1990). Short-term smoking reduction is associated with reduction in measures of lower respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers. Eur Respir J 3: 752-9
-
(1990)
Eur Respir J
, vol.3
, pp. 752-759
-
-
Rennard, S.I.1
Daughton, D.2
Fujita, J.3
-
25
-
-
0036864023
-
Evaluation of subclinical respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers who switch to a cigarette-like nicotine delivery device that primarily heats tobacco
-
Rennard SI, Umino T, Millatmal T, et al. (2002). Evaluation of subclinical respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers who switch to a cigarette-like nicotine delivery device that primarily heats tobacco. Nicotine Tob Res 4: 467-76
-
(2002)
Nicotine Tob Res
, vol.4
, pp. 467-476
-
-
Rennard, S.I.1
Umino, T.2
Millatmal, T.3
-
26
-
-
27144433915
-
Health risks of smoking compared to Swedish snus
-
Roth HD, Roth AB, Liu X. (2005). Health risks of smoking compared to Swedish snus. Inhal Toxicol 17: 741-8
-
(2005)
Inhal Toxicol
, vol.17
, pp. 741-748
-
-
Roth, H.D.1
Roth, A.B.2
Liu, X.3
-
27
-
-
84864798975
-
-
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJRT) and American Snuff Company, LLC (ASC). (, July 28) Available from last accessed 2 Aug 2014]
-
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJRT) and American Snuff Company, LLC (ASC). (2011, July 28). Citizen petition. Available from: http://www.regulations.gov/# !documentDetail;D = FDA-2011-P-0573-0005 [last accessed 2 Aug 2014]
-
(2011)
Citizen Petition
-
-
-
28
-
-
84948715444
-
-
August 21). Supplement. Available from last accessed 2 Aug 2014]
-
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJRT). (2012, August 21). Supplement. Available from: http://www.regulations.gov/# !documentDetail;D = FDA-2011-P-0573-0006 [last accessed 2 Aug 2014]
-
(2012)
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJRT)
-
-
-
29
-
-
0035374405
-
Clearing The smoke: The science base for tobacco harm reduction-executive summary
-
Stratton K, Shetty P, Wallace R, Bondurant S. (2001). Clearing The smoke: The science base for tobacco harm reduction-executive summary. Tob Control 10: 189-95
-
(2001)
Tob Control
, vol.10
, pp. 189-195
-
-
Stratton, K.1
Shetty, P.2
Wallace, R.3
Bondurant, S.4
-
30
-
-
70349971613
-
C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: A review
-
Tonstad S, Cowan JL. (2009). C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review. Int J Clin Pract 63: 1634-41
-
(2009)
Int J Clin Pract
, vol.63
, pp. 1634-1641
-
-
Tonstad, S.1
Cowan, J.L.2
-
31
-
-
79952213804
-
-
US Department of Health and Human Services. (USDHHS). Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health
-
US Department of Health and Human Services. (USDHHS). (2010). How tobacco smoke causes disease: The biology and behavioral basis for smoking-attributable disease: a report of The Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health
-
(2010)
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-attributable Disease: A Report of The Surgeon General
-
-
-
32
-
-
0033760787
-
A safer cigarette? A comparative study. A consensus report
-
Eclipse Expert Panel. - 48
-
Wagner BM., Eclipse Expert Panel. (2000). A safer cigarette? A comparative study. A consensus report. Inhal Toxicol 12: 1-48
-
(2000)
Inhal Toxicol
, vol.12
, pp. 1
-
-
Wagner, B.M.1
-
34
-
-
65549108868
-
The strategic dialogue on tobacco harm reduction: A vision and blueprint for action in The US.
-
Strategic Dialogue on Tobacco Harm Reduction Group. - 32
-
Zeller M, Hatsukami D., Strategic Dialogue on Tobacco Harm Reduction Group. (2009). The strategic dialogue on tobacco harm reduction: a vision and blueprint for action in The US. Tob Control 18: 324-32
-
(2009)
Tob Control
, vol.18
, pp. 324
-
-
Zeller, M.1
Hatsukami, D.2
|