Health risks of smoking compared to Swedish snus

Inhalation Toxicology

Volumn 17, Issue 13, 2005, Pages 741-748

  Roth, H Daniel ^a   Roth, Adam B ^a   Liu, Xiao ^a  

^a Roth Associates Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NITROSAMINE;

ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CIGARETTE SMOKING; ENTERITIS; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HEALTH HAZARD; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; LUNG CANCER; MORTALITY; MOUTH CANCER; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; STOMACH CANCER; STROKE;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MOUTH NEOPLASMS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING; STOMACH NEOPLASMS; SWEDEN; TOBACCO, SMOKELESS;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 27144433915     PISSN: 08958378     EISSN: 10917691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08958370500224698     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Andersson, G., Axell, T., and Curvall, M. 1995. Reduction in nicotine intake and oral mucosal changes among users of Swedish oral moist snuff after switching to a low-nicotine product. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 24:244-250.
2. Asplund, K., Nasic, S., Janlert, U., and Segmayr, B. 2003. Smokeless tobacco as a possible risk factor for stroke in men. A nested case-control study. Stroke 34:1-6.
3. Bounder, G., Alfredsson, L., Englund, A., and de Faire, U. 1994. Smokeless tobacco use and increased cardiovascular mortality among Swedish construction workers. Am. J. Public Health 84:399-404.
4. Fleiss, J. 1973. Statistical methods for rates and prop onions. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
5. Foulds, J., Ramstrom, L., Burke, M., and Fagerström, K. O. 2003. Effect of smokeless tobacco (snus) on smoking and public health in Sweden. Tobacco Control 12:349-359.
6. Hansson, L.-E., Baron, J., Nyren, O., Bergstrom, R., Wolk, A., and Adami, H.-O. 1994. Tobacco, alcohol and the risk of gastric cancer. A population-based case-control study in Sweden. Int. J. Cancer 57:26-31.
7. Hatsukami, D. K., Henningfield, J. E., and Kotlyar, M. 2004. Harm reduction approaches to reducing tobacco-related mortality. Annu. Rev. Public Health 25:377-395.
8. Henningfield, J. E., and Fagerström, K. O. 2001. Swedish Match Company, Swedish snus and public health: A harm reduction experiment in progress? Tobacco Control 10:253-257.
9. Hergens, M. P., Ahlbom, A., Andersson, T., and Pershagen, G. 2005. Swedish moist snuff and myocardial infarction among men. Epidemiology 16:12-16.
10. Huhtasaari, F., Lundberg, V., Eliasson, M., Janlert, U., and Asplund, K. 1999. Smokeless tobacco as a possible risk factor for myocardial infarction: A population-based study in middle-aged men. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 34:1784-1790.
11. Huhtasaari, F., Asplund, K., Lundberg, V., Stegmayr, B., and Wester, P. O. 1992. Tobacco and myocardial infarction: Is snuff less dangerous than cigarettes? Br. Med. J. 305:1252-1256.
12. Lagergren, J., Bergstrom, R., Lindgren, A., and Nyren, O. 2000. The role of tobacco, snuff and alcohol use in the aetiology of cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia. Int. J. Cancer 85:340-346.
13. Levy, D. T., Mumford, E. A., Cummings, K. M., Gilpin, E. A., Giovino, G., Hyland, A., Sweanor, D., and Warner, K. E. 2004. The relative risks of a low-nitrosamine smokeless tobacco product compared with smoking cigarettes: Estimates of a panel of experts. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 13:2035-2042.
14. Lewin, F., Norell, S. E., Johansson, H., Gustavsson, P., Wennerberg, J., Bjorklund, A., and Rutqvist, L. E. 1998. Smoking tobacco, oral snuff, and alcohol in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A population-based case-referent study in Sweden. Cancer 82:1367-1375.
15. Österdahl, B.-G., Jansson, C., and Pacou, A. 2004. Decreased levels of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in moist snuff on the Swedish market. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52:5085-5088.
16. Persson, P. G., Hellers, G., and Ahlbom, A. 1993. Use of oral moist snuff and inflammatory bowel disease. Int. J. Epidemiol. 22:1101-1103.
17. Rodu, B., and Cole, P. 2004. The burden of mortality from smoking: Comparing Sweden with other countries in the European Union. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 19:129-131.
18. Rodu, B., Stegmayr, B., Nasic, S., Cole, P., and Asplund, K. 2003. Evolving patterns of tobacco use in northern Sweden. J. Int. Med. 253:1-6.
19. Schildt, E. B., Eriksson, M., Hardell, L., and Magnuson, A. 1998. Oral snuff, smoking habits and alcohol consumption in relation to oral cancer in a Swedish case-control study. Int. J. Cancer 77:341-346.
20. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, and Office on Smoking and Health. 2004. The health consequences of smoking: A report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC.
21. Ye, W., Ekstrom, A. M., Hansson, L.-E., Bergstrom, R., and Nyren, O. 1999. Tobacco, alcohol and the risk of gastric cancer by sub-site and histologic type. Int. J. Cancer 83:223-229.