Mastitis in sheep - The last 10 years and the future of research

Veterinary Microbiology

Volumn 181, Issue 1-2, 2015, Pages 136-146

  Gelasakis, A I ^a   Mavrogianni, V S ^a   Petridis, I G ^a   Vasileiou, N G C ^a   Fthenakis, G C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY   (Greece)

Author keywords

Dry period mastitis; Genetic resistance; Intramammary infection; Mannheimia haemolytica; Prevention; Risk factors; Somatic cell counts; Staphycoccus aureus; Teat; Treatment

Indexed keywords

VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ARTICLE; CELL COUNTING; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE CONTROL; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFECTION; MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA; MASTITIS; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; NIPPLE; NONHUMAN; PROTEOMICS; PUBLICATION; RISK FACTOR; SHEEP; SOMATIC CELL; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; ANIMAL; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; DOMESTIC SHEEP; FEMALE; GENETICS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; PASTEURELLACEAE INFECTIONS; PATHOGENICITY; SHEEP DISEASES; STANDARDS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; UDDER; VETERINARY;

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMALS; FEMALE; MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL; MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA; MASTITIS; PASTEURELLACEAE INFECTIONS; RISK FACTORS; SHEEP; SHEEP DISEASES; SHEEP, DOMESTIC; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

EID: 84948710321     PISSN: 03781135     EISSN: 18732542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.009     Document Type: Article

References (137)

1. Akers R.M., Nickerson S.C. Mastitis and its impact on structure and function in the ruminant mammary gland. J. Mammary Gland Biol. 2011, 16:275-289.
2. Aguilar B., Amorena B., Iturralde M. Effect of slime on adherence of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine and ovine mastitis. Vet. Microbiol. 2001, 78:183-191.
3. Albenzio M., Santillo A., Caroprese M., Ruggieri D., Ciliberti M., Sevi A. Immune competence of the mammary gland as affected by somatic cell and pathogenic bacteria in ewes with subclinical mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95:3877-3887.
4. Albenzio M., Taibi L., Caroprese M., De Rosa G., Muscio A., Sevi A. Immune response, udder health and productive traits of machine milked and suckling ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 2003, 48:189-200.
5. Anagnostopoulos A.K., Katsafadou A.I., Tsangari M., Arsenos G., Skoufos I., Tzora A., Karkabounas S., Fthenakis G.C., Tsangaris G. Proteomic analysis of milk of Greek indigenous breed Capra prisca. Proceedings of the 3rd Greek Farm Animal Veterinary Conference (Ioannina, Greece) 2014, 138-139.
6. Ariznabarreta A., Gonzalo C., San Primitivo F. Microbiological quality and somatic cell count of ewe milk with special reference to staphylococci. J. Dairy Sci. 2002, 85:1370-1375.
7. Arsenault J., Dubreuil P., Higgins R., Belanger D. Risk factors and impacts of clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial meat-producing sheep flocks in Quebec Canada. Prev. Vet. Med. 2008, 87:373-393.
8. Atapattu D.N., Czuprynski C.J. Mannheimia haemolytica Leukotoxin induces apoptosis of bovine lymphoblastoid cells (BL-3) via a Caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Infect. Immun. 2005, 73:5504-5513.
9. Barbagianni M.S., Mavrogianni V.S., Katsafadou A.I., Spanos S.A., Tsioli V., Galatos A.D., Nakou M., Valasi I., Gouletsou P.G., Fthenakis G.C. Pregnancy toxaemia as predisposing factor for development of mastitis in sheep during the immediately post-partum period. Small Rumin. Res. 2015, 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.07.002.
10. Barger I.A. Influence of sex and reproductive status on susceptibility of ruminants to nematode parasitism. Int. J. Parasitol. 1993, 23:463-469.
11. Barillet F., Rupp R., Mignon-Grasteau S., Astruc J.M., Jacquin M. Genetic analysis for mastitis resistance and milk somatic cell score in French Lacaune dairy sheep. Genet. Sel. Evol. 2001, 33:397-415.
12. Bergonier D., Berthelot X. New advances in epizootiology and control of ewe mastitis. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2003, 79:1-16.
13. Bergonier D., De Crémoux R., Rupp R., Lagriffoul G., Berthelot X. Mastitis of dairy small ruminants. Vet. Res. 2003, 34:689-716.
14. Berry E.A., Hillerton J.E. The effect of selective dry cow treatment on new intramammary infections. J. Dairy Sci. 2002, 85:112-121.
15. Berthelot X., Lagriffoul G., Concordet D., Barillet F., Bergonier D. Physiological and pathological thresholds of somatic cell counts in ewe milk. Proceedings of the 6th International Sheep Veterinary Congress (Hersonissos, Greece) 2005, 40-43.
16. Biggadike H.J., Ohnstad I., Laven R.A. A comparison of the effect of teat dipping and teat spraying on teat condition, somatic cell count and the incidence of clinical mastitis. Cattle Pract. 2003, 11:181-184.
17. Billinis C., Mavrogianni V.S., Spyrou V., Fthenakis G.C. Phylogenetic analysis of strains of Orf virus isolated from two outbreaks of the disease in sheep in Greece. Virol. J. 2012, 9:24.
18. Bjorland J., Steinum T., Kvitle B., Waage S., Sunde M., Heir E. Widespread distribution of disinfectant resistance genes among Staphylococci of bovine and caprine origin in Norway. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005, 43:4363-4368.
19. Blagitz M.G., Souza F.N., Batista C.F., Diniz S.A., Haddad J.P., Benites N.R., Melville P.A., Della Libera A.M. Clinical findings related to intramammary infections in meat-producing ewes. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 2014, 46:127-132.
20. Bonnefont C.M.D., Toufeer M., Caubet C., Foulon E., Tasca C., Aurel M.R., Bergonier D., Boullier S., Robert-Granié C., Foucras G., Rupp R. Transcriptomic analysis of milk somatic cells in mastitis resistant and susceptible sheep upon challenge with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Genom. 2011, 12:208.
21. Bramis G., Arsenos G., Psifidi A., Banos G. Genetic parameters of mastitis related traits in dairy sheep. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the British Society of Animal Science (Nottingham, UK) 2014, p 194.
22. Brugère-Picoux J. Ovine listeriosis. Small Rumin. Res 2008, 76:12-20.
23. Caroprese M. Sheep housing and welfare. Small Rumin. Res 2008, 76:21-25.
24. Casu S., Sechi S., Salaris S.L., Carta A. Phenotypic and genetic relationships between udder morphology and udder health in dairy ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 2010, 88:77-83.
25. Chiaradia E., Valiani A., Tartaglia M., Scoppetta M., Renzone G., Arena S., Avellini L., Benda S., Gaiti A., Scaloni A. Ovine subclinical mastitis: proteomic analysis of whey and milk fat globules unveils putative diagnostic biomarkers in milk. J. Proteom. 2013, 83:144-159.
26. Coop R.L., Kyriazakis I. Nutrition-parasite interaction. Vet. Parasitol. 1999, 84:187-204.
27. Contreras A., Rodríguez J.M. Mastitis: comparative etiology and epidemiology. J. Mammary Gland Biol. 2011, 16:339-356.
28. Contreras A., Sierra D., Sánchez A., Corrales J.C., Marco J.C., Paape M.J., Gonzalo C. Mastitis in small ruminants. Small Rumin. Res. 2007, 68:145-153.
29. Corrales J.C., Esnal A., De la Fe C., Sanchez A., Assuncao P., Poveda J.B., Contreras A. Contagious agalactia in small ruminants. Small Rumin. Res. 2007, 68:154-166.
30. Corrente M., Greco G., Madio A., Ventriglia G. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci isolated from subclinical mastitis in sheep. New Microbiol. 2003, 26:39-45.
31. Cucarella C., Tormo M.A., Ubeda C., Trotonda M.P., Monzon M., Peris C., Amorena B., Lasa I., Penades J.R. Role of biofilm-associated protein bap in the pathogenesis of bovine Staphylococcus aureus. Infect. Immun. 2004, 72:2177-2185.
32. Cuccuru C., Melonmi M., Sala E., Scaccabarozzi L., Locatelli C., Moroni P., Bronzo V. Effects of intramammary infections on somatic cell score and milk yield in Sarda sheep. N. Z. Vet. J. 2011, 59:128-131.
33. Erskine R.J., Wagner S., DeGraves F.J. Mastitis therapy and pharmacology. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 2003, 19:109-138.
34. European Food Safety Authority Scientific opinion on welfare of dairy cows in relation to udder problems based on a risk assessment with special reference to the impact of housing, feeding, management and genetic selection. EFSA J. 2009, 1141:1-60.
35. European Food Safety Authority Scientific opinion on the welfare risks related to the farming of sheep for wool, meat and milk production. EFSA J. 2014, 12:3933. 128 pp.
36. Fotou K., Tzora A., Voidarou Ch., Alexopoulos A., Plessas E., Avgeris I., Bezirtzoglou E., Akrida-Demertzi K., Demertzis P.G. Isolation of microbial pathogens of subclinical mastitis from raw sheep's milk of Epirus (Greece) and their role in its hygiene. Anaerobe 2011, 315-319.
37. Fragkou I.A., Boscos C.M., Fthenakis G.C. Diagnosis of clinical or subclinical mastitis in ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 2014, 118:86-92.
38. Fragkou I.A., Dagleish M.P., Papaioannou N., Cripps P.J., Boscos C.M., Ververidis H.N., Orfanou D.C., Solomakos N., Finlayson J., Govaris A., Kyriazakis I., Fthenakis G.C. The induction of lymphoid follicle-like structures in the ovine teat duct following experimental infection with Mannheimia haemolytica. Vet. J. 2010, 184:194-200.
39. Fragkou I.A., Fthenakis G.C. Treatment of post-partum infections in ewes or does. Proceedings of the 3rd Greek Farm Animal Veterinary Conference (Ioannina, Greece) 2014, p 46.
40. Fragkou I.A., Gougoulis D.A., Billinis C., Mavrogianni V.S., Bushnell M.J., Cripps P.J., Tzora A., Fthenakis G.C. Transmission of Mannheimia haemolytica from the tonsils of lambs to the teat of ewes during sucking. Vet. Microbiol. 2011, 148:66-74.
41. Fragkou I.A., Papaioannou N., Cripps P.J., Boscos C.M., Fthenakis G.C. Teat lesions predispose to invasion of the ovine mammary gland by Mannheimia haemolytica. J. Comp. Pathol. 2007, 137:239-244.
42. Fragkou I.A., Skoufos J., Cripps P.J., Kyriazakis I., Papaioannou N., Boscos C.M., Tzora A., Fthenakis G.C. Differences in susceptibility to Mannheimia haemolytica-associated mastitis between two breeds of dairy sheep. J. Dairy Res. 2007, 74:349-355.
43. Fthenakis G.C. Prevalence and aetiology of subclinical mastitis in ewes of Southern Greece. Small Rumin. Res. 1994, 13:293-300.
44. Fthenakis G.C. Somatic cell counts in milk of Welsh-Mountain, Dorset-Horn and Chios ewes throughout lactation. Small Rumin. Res. 1996, 20:155-162.
45. Fthenakis G.C. Susceptibility to antibiotics of staphylococcal isolates from cases of ovine and bovine mastitis in Greece. Small Rumin. Res. 1998, 28:9-13.
46. Fthenakis G.C. Field evaluation of flunixin meglumine in the supportive treatment of ovine mastitis. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 2000, 23:405-407.
47. Fthenakis G.C., Arsenos G., Brozos C., Fragkou I.A., Giadinis N.D., Giannenas I., Mavrogianni V.S., Papadopoulos E., Valasi I. Health management of ewes during pregnancy. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2012, 130:198-212.
48. Fthenakis G.C., Jones J.E.T. The effect of experimentally induced subclinical mastitis on milk yield of ewes and on the growth of lambs. Br. Vet. J. 1990, 146:43-49.
49. Fthenakis G.C., Jones J.E.T. The effect of inoculation of coagulase-negative staphylococci into the ovine mammary gland. J. Comp. Pathol. 1990, 102:211-219.
50. Fthenakis G.C., Leontides L., Skoufos J., Taitzoglou I.A., Tzora A. Case report: high prevalence rate of ovine mastitis, caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci and predisposed by increased gossypol consumption. Small Rumin. Res. 2004, 52:185-189.
51. Gelasakis A.I., Arsenos G., Valergakis G.E., Oikonomou G., Kiossis E., Fthenakis G.C. Study of factors affecting udder traits and assessment of their interrelationships with milking efficiency in Chios breed ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 2012, 103:232-239.
52. Giadinis N.D., Arsenos G., Tsakos P., Psychas V., Dovas C.I., Papadopoulos E., Karatzias H., Fthenakis G.C. Milk-drop syndrome of ewes: investigation of the causes in dairy sheep in Greece. Small Rumin. Res. 2012, 106:33-35.
53. Giadinis N.D., Panousis N., Petridou E.J., Siarkou V.I., Lafi S.Q., Pourliotis K., Hatzopoulou E., Fthenakis G.C. Selenium, vitamin E and vitamin A blood concentrations in dairy sheep flocks with increased or low clinical mastitis incidence. Small Rumin. Res. 2011, 95:193-196.
54. Gilchrist T.L., Smith D.G.E., Fitzpatrick J.L., Zadoks R.N., Fontaine M.C. Comparative molecular analysis of ovine and bovine Streptococcus uberis isolates. J. Dairy Sci. 2013, 96:962-970.
55. Goerke C., Esser S., Kümmel M., Wolz C. Staphylococcus aureus strain designation by agr and cap polymorphism typing and delineation of agr diversification by sequence analysis. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2005, 295:67-75.
56. Gomez-Martin A., Amores J., Paterna A., De la Fe C. Contagious agalactia due to Mycoplasma spp. in small dairy ruminants: epidemiology and prospects for diagnosis and control. Vet. J. 2013, 198:48-56.
57. Goñi P., Vergara Y., Ruiz J., Albizu I., Vila J., Gómez-Lus R. Antibiotic resistance and epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains from ovine and rabbit mastitis. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2004, 23:268-272.
58. Gonzalo C., Linage B., Carriedo J.A., Juarez M.T., Beneitez E., Martinez A., De La Fuente L.F. Effect of dry therapy using an intramammary infusion on bulk tank somatic cell count in sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:156-159.
59. Gonzalo C., Tardáquila J.A., De la Fuente L.F., San Primitivo F.S. Effects of selective and complete dry therapy on prevalence of intramammary infection and on milk yield in the subsequent lactation in dairy ewes. J. Dairy Res. 2004, 71:33-38.
60. Gougoulis D.A., Kyriazakis I., Fthenakis G.C. Diagnostic significance of behavioural changes in sheep health management. Small Rumina. Res. 2010, 92:52-56.
61. Gougoulis D.A., Kyriazakis I., Papaioannou N., Papadopoulos E., Taitzoglou I.A., Fthenakis G.C. Effects of subclinical mastitis on patterns of maternal-offspring behavior of dairy sheep. Vet. J. 2008, 176:378-386.
62. Gougoulis D.A., Kyriazakis I., Tzora A., Taitzoglou I.A., Skoufos J., Fthenakis G.C. Effects of lamb sucking on the bacterial flora of teat duct and mammary gland of ewes. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2008, 43:22-26.
63. Govasmark E., Steen A., Strøm T., Hansen S. Status of selenium and vitamin E on Norwegian organic sheep and dairy cattle farms. Acta Agric. Scand. A-Anim. Sci. 2005, 55:40-46.
64. Hadimli H.H., Erganis O., Kav K., Sayin Z. Evaluation of a combined vaccine against staphylococcal mastitis in ewes. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy 2005, 49:179-182.
65. Hadimli H.H., Erganis O., Kav K., Sayin Z. Isolation of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from samples of sheep and cattle and identification by polimerase chain reaction. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 2010, 16:611-616.
66. Hariharan H., Donachie W., Macaldowie C., Keefe G. Bacteriology and somatic cell counts in milk samples from ewes on a Scottish farm. Can. J. Vet. Res. 2004, 68:188-192.
67. Houdijk J.G.M., Kyriazakis I., Jackson F., Huntley J.F., Coop R.L. Is the allocation of metabolisable protein prioritised to milk production rather than to immune functions in Teladorsagia circumcincta-infected lactating ewes. Int. J. Parasitol. 2003, 33:327-338.
68. Juste R.A., Minguijón E., Arranz J., Fuertes M., Beltrán de Heredia I. Lamb mortality in an outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mastitis as a collateral effect of colostrums feeding for Lentivirus-control. Small Rumin. Res. 2009, 86:46-51.
69. Kadariya J., Smith T.C., Thapaliya D. Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal food-borne disease: an ongoing challenge in public health. BioMed. Res. Internat. 2014, 827965.
70. Kern G., Traulsen I., Kemper N., Krieter J. Analysis of somatic cell counts and risk factors associated with occurrence of bacteria in ewes of different primary purposes. Live Sci. 2013, 157:597-604.
71. Kiossis E., Brozos C.N., Petridou E., Boscos C. Program for the control of subclinical mastitis in dairy Chios breed ewes during lactation. Small Rumin. Res. 2007, 73:194-199.
72. ® in dairy sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 2005, 58:157-162.
73. Koop G., Rietman J.F., Pieterse C. Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in Texel sheep associated with suckling twins. Vet. Rec. 2010, 167:868-869.
74. Koutsoumpas A.T., Giadinis N.D., Petridou E.J., Konstantinou E., Brozos C., Lafi S.Q., Fthenakis G.C., Karatzias H. Consequences of reduced vitamin A administration on mammary health of dairy ewes. Small Ruminant Res. 2013, 110:120-123.
75. Kunz F., Corti S., Giezendanner N., Stephan R., Wittenbrink M., Zweifel C. Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from mastitis milk samples from sheep and goats. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 2011, 153:63-69.
76. Leitner G., Chaffer M., Shamay A., Shapiro F., Merin U., Ezra E., Saran A., Silanikove N. Changes in milk composition as affected by subclinical mastitis in sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 2004, 87:46-52.
77. Leitner G., Krifucks O. Pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis outbreaks in sheep and goat flocks: antibody production and vaccination in a mouse model. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2007, 119:198-203.
78. Linage B., Gonzalo C. Influence of an intramammary infusion at drying-off of combined penethamate hydriodite, penethamine penicillin and framycetin sulfateon intramammary infections and somatic cell counts in dairy sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 2008, 91:3459-3466.
79. Lollai S.A., Ziccheddu M., Di Mauro C., Manunta D., Nudda A., Leori G. Profile and evolution of antimicrobial resistance of ovine mastitis pathogens (1995-2004). Small Rumin. Res. 2008, 74:249-254.
80. Marco Melero J.C. Mastitis in Laxta Breed Sheep: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control 1994, University of Zaragoza, Doctoral thesis.
81. Marogna G., Rolesu S., Lollai S., Tola S., Leori G. Clinical findings in sheep farms affected by recurrent bacterial mastitis. Small Rumin. Res. 2010, 88:119-125.
82. Mavrogianni V.S., Cripps P.J., Fthenakis G.C. Bacterial flora and risk of infection of the ovine teat duct and mammary gland throughout lactation. Prev. Vet. Med. 2007, 79:163-173.
83. Mavrogianni V.S., Cripps P.J., Papaioannou N., Taitzoglou I., Fthenakis G.C. Teat disorders predispose ewes to clinical mastitis after challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica. Vet. Res. 2006, 37:89-105.
84. Mavrogianni V.S., Cripps P.J., Tzora A., Skoufos I., Fthenakis G.C. Effects of hand milking on the bacterial flora of mammary gland and teat duct of ewes. J. Dairy Res. 2006, 73:353-356.
85. Mavrogianni V.S., Fthenakis G.C. Clinical, bacteriological, cytological and pathological features of teat disorders in ewes. J. Vet. Med. A 2007, 54:219-223.
86. Mavrogianni V.S., Fthenakis G.C., Brooks H., Papaioannou N., Cripps P.J., Taitzoglou I., Brellou G., Saratsis P. The effects of inoculation of Mannheimia haemolytica into the teat of lactating ewes. Vet. Res. 2005, 36:13-25.
87. Mavrogianni V.S., Menzies P.I., Fragkou I.A., Fthenakis G.C. Principles of mastitis treatment in sheep and goats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 2011, 27:115-120.
88. Mavrogianni V.S., Papadopoulos E., Gougoulis D.A., Gallidis E., Fragkou I.A., Orfanou D.C., Ptochos S., Fthenakis G.C. Pre-existing gastrointestinal trichostrongylosis predisposes ewes to clinical mastitis after experimental mammary infection. Proceedings of the 12th Greek Veterinary Congress (Athens, Greece) 2012.
89. Mavrogianni V.S., Papadopoulos E., Spanos S.A., Mitsoura A., Ptochos S., Gougoulis D.A., Barbagianni M.S., Kyriazakis I., Fthenakis G.C. Trematode infections in pregnant ewes can predispose to mastitis during the subsequent lactation period. Res. Vet. Sci. 2014, 96:171-179.
90. McKellar Q.A. The health of the sheep industry and the medicines to maintain it. Small Rumin. Res. 2006, 62:7-12.
91. Melchior M.B., Vaarkamp H., Fink-Gremmels J. Biofilms: a role in recurrent mastitis infections?. Vet. J. 2006, 171:398-407.
92. Menzies P.I., Ramanoon S.Z. Mastitis of sheep and goats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 2001, 17:333-358.
93. Minguijón E., Reina R., Pérez M., Polledo L., Villoria M., Ramírez H., Leginagoikoa I., Badiola J.J., García-Marín J.F., de Andrés D., Luján L., Amorena B., Juste R. Small ruminant lentivirus infections and diseases. Vet. Microbiol. 2015, 181:75-89.
94. Morgante M., Beghelli D., Pauselli M., Dall'Ara P., Capuccella M., Ranucci S. Effect of administration of vitamin E and Selenium during the dry period on mammary health and milk cell counts in dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 1999, 82:623-631.
95. Mørk T., Tollersrud T., Bjørg K., Jørgensen H.J., Waage S. Genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ovine intramammary infections in Norway. Vet. Microbiol. 2005, 106:265-273.
96. Mørk T., Waage S., Tollersrud S., Kvitle B., Sviland S. Clinical mastitis in ewes; bacteriology, epidemiology and clinical features. Acta Vet. Scand. 2007, 49:23-30.
97. Nebbia P., Robino P., Zoppi S., De Meneghi D. Detection and excretion pattern of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk of asymptomatic sheep and goats by Nested-PCR. Small Rumin. Res. 2006, 66:116-120.
98. Normanno G., La Salandra G., Dambrosio A., Quaglia N.C., Corrente M., Parisi A., Santagada G., Firinu A., Crisetti A., Celano G.V. Occurrence characterization and antimicrobial resistance of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and dairy products. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2007, 3:290-296.
99. Novick R.P., Projan S.J., Kornblum J., Ross H.F., Ji G., Kreiswirth B., Vandenesch F., Moghazeh S. The agr P2 operon: an autocatalytic sensory transduction system in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1995, 248:446-458.
100. Omaleki L., Barber S.R., Allen J.L., Browning G.F. Mannheimia species associated with ovine mastitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2010, 48:3419-3422.
101. Omaleki L., Browning G.F., Allen J.L., Barber S.R. The role of Mannheimia species in ovine mastitis. Vet. Microbiol. 2011, 153:67-72.
102. Onni T., Sanna G., Cubeddu G.P., Marogna G., Lollai S., Leori G., Tola S. Identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from ovine milk samples by PCR-RFLP of 16S rRNA and gap genes. Vet. Microbiol. 2010, 144:347-352.
103. Onni T., Sanna G., Larsen J., Tola S. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and population structure of Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with ovine mastitis. Vet. Microbiol. 2011, 148:45-50.
104. Ozenc E., Seker E., Baki Acar D., Birdane M.K., Darbaz I., Dogan N. The importance of staphylococci and threshold value of somatic cell count for diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis in Pirlak sheep at mid-lactation. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2011, 46:970-974.
105. Perez M.M., Prenafeta A., Valle J., Penades J., Rota C., Solano C., Marco J., Grillo M.J., Lasa I., Irache J.M., Maira-Litran T., Jimenez-Barbero J., Costa L., Pier G.B., de Andres D., Amorena B. Protection from Staphylococcus aureus mastitis associated with poly-N-acetyl beta-1,6 glucosamine specific antibody production using biofilm-embedded bacteria. Vaccine 2009, 17:2379-2386.
106. Peris C., Díaz J.R., Balasch S., Beltrán M.C., Molina M.P., Fernández N. Influence of vacuum level and overmilking on udder health and teat thickness changes in dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 2003, 86:3891-3898.
107. Peris C., Díaz J.R., Segura C., Martí A., Fernández N. Influence of pulsation rate on udder health and teat thickness changes in dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 2003, 86:530-537.
108. Petridis I.G., Fthenakis G.C. Administration of antibiotics to ewes at the beginning of the dry-period. J. Dairy Res. 2014, 81:9-15.
109. Petridis I.G., Mavrogianni V.S., Fragkou I.A., Gougoulis D.A., Tzora A., Fotou K., Skoufos I., Amiridis G.S., Brozos C., Fthenakis G.C. Effects of drying-off procedure of ewes' udder in subsequent mammary infection and development of mastitis. Small Rumin. Res. 2013, 110:128-132.
110. Petridis I.G., Mavrogianni V.S., Gougoulis D.A., Amiridis G.S., Brozos C., Fthenakis G.C. Effects of drying-off procedure of ewes' udder, with intramammary antibiotic administration, in subsequent mammary infection and development of mastitis. J. Hellenic Vet. Med. Soc. 2012, 63:273-282.
111. Pisanu S., Ghisaura S., Pagnozzi D., Biosa G., Tanca A., Roggio T., Uzzau S., Addis M.F. The sheep milk fat globule membrane proteome. J. Proteom. 2011, 74:350-358.
112. Psifidi A., Bramis G., Arsenos G., Banos G. Validation of previously discovered markers for mastitis resistance in an independent population of dairy sheep. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the British Society of Animal Science (Nottingham, UK) 2014, p 195.
113. Riggio V., Portolano B., Bovenhuis H., Bishop S.C. Genetic parameters for somatic cell score according to udder infection status in Valle del Belice dairy sheep and impact of imperfect diagnosis of infection. Genet. Sel. Evol. 2010, 42:30-38.
114. Rock M.J., Kincaid R.L., Carstens G.E. Effects of prenatal source and level of dietary selenium on passive immunity and thermometabolism of newborn lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 2001, 40:129-138.
115. Rooke J.A., Robinson J.J., Arthur J.R. Effects of vitamin E and selenium on the performance and immune status of ewes and lambs. J. Agric. Sci. 2004, 142:253-262.
116. Rupp R., Bergonier D., Dion S., Hygonenq M.C., Aurel M.R., Robert-Cranié C., Foucras G. Response to somatic cell count-based selection for mastitis resistance in a divergent selection experiment sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:1203-1219.
117. Rupp R., Senin P., Sarry J., Bouchez O., Foucras G., Tosser-Klopp G. Fine mapping of a QTL for mastitis resistance on OAR3 in Lacaune dairy sheep. Proceedings of the 64th European Association of Animal Production Meeting (Nantes, France) 2013, p 597.
118. Saratsis P., Leontides L., Tzora A., Alexopoulos C., Fthenakis G.C. Incidence risk and aetiology of mammary abnormalities in dry ewes in 10 flocks in Southern Greece. Prev. Vet. Med. 1998, 37:173-183.
119. Schwimmer A., Kenigswald G., Van Straten M., Lavi Y., Merin U., Weisblit L., Leitner G. Dry-off treatment of Assaf sheep: efficacy as a management tool for improving milk quantity and quality. Small Ruminant Res. 2008, 74:45-51.
120. Sechi S., Casu S., Casula M., Congiu G.B., Miari S., Mulas G., Salaris S., Sechi T., Usai M.G., Ligios C., Foucras G., Carta A. Genome-wide association analysis of resistance to paratuberculosis and mastitis in dairy sheep. Proceedings of the 64th European Association of Animal Production Meeting (Nantes, France) 2013, p 597.
121. Sordillo L.M. Factors affecting mammary gland immunity and mastitis susceptibility. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2005, 98:89-99.
122. Spanu C., Berger Y.M., Thomas D.L., Ruegg P.L. Impact of intramammary antimicrobial dry treatment and teat sanitation on somatic cell count and intramammary infection in dairy ewes. Small Ruminant Res. 2011, 97:139-145.
123. Swiderek W.P., Bhide M.R., Gruszczyńska J., Soltis K., Witkowska D., Mikula I. Toll-like receptor gene polymorphism and its relationship with somatic cell concentration and natural bacterial infections of the mammary gland in sheep. Folia Microbiol. 2006, 51:647-652.
124. Tollersrud T., Norstebo P.E., Engvik J.P., Andersen S.R., Reitan L.J., Lund A. Antibody responses in sheep vaccinated against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis: a comparison of two experimental vaccines containing different adjuvants. Vet. Res. Comm. 2002, 26:587-600.
125. Toufeer M., Bonnefont C.M., Foulon E., Caubet C., Tasca C., Aurel M.R., Robert-Granié C., Foucras G. Gene expression profiling of dendritic cells reveals important mechanisms associated with predisposition to Staphylococcus infections. PLoS One 2011, 6:e22147.
126. Tzora A., Fthenakis G.C. Mastitis in dairy ewes associated with Serratia macrescens. Small Rumin. Res. 1998, 29:125-126.
127. Varhimo E., Vermanen P., Fallarero A., Skogman M., Pyörälä S., Iivanainen A., Sukura A., Vuorela P., Savijoki K. Alpha- and β-casein components of host milk induce biofilm formation in the mastitis bacterium Streptococcus uberis. Vet. Microbiol. 2011, 149:381-389.
128. Vautor E., Carsenti-Dellamonica H., Sabah M., Mancini G., Pépin M., Dellamonica P. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from dairy sheep farms (agr group, adherence, slime, resistance to antibiotics). Small Ruminant Res. 2007, 72:197-199.
129. Viguier C., Arora S., Gilmartin N., Welbeck K., ÓKennedy R. Mastitis detection: current trends and future perspectives. Trends Biotechnol. 2009, 27:486-493.
130. Vilela C.L., Fitzpatrick J., Morgan K.L. In vitro adherence and invasion of ovine mammary epithelium by Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica. Vet. J. 2004, 167:211-213.
131. Waage S., Vatn S. Individual animal risk factors for clinical mastitis in meat sheep in Norway. Prev. Vet. Med. 2008, 87:229-243.
132. Watson D.J., Buswell J.F. Modern aspects of sheep mastitis. Br. Vet. J. 1984, 140:529-534.
133. White C.L., Rewell L. Vitamin E and selenium status of sheep during autumn in Western Australia and its relationship to the incidence of apparent white muscle disease. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 2007, 47:535-543.
134. Winter P., Schlicher F., Bago Z., Schoder D., Egerbacher M., Baumgartner W., Wagner M. Clinical and histopathological aspects of naturally occurring mastitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in cattle and ewes. J. Vet. Med. 2004, 51:176-179.
135. Zadoks R.N., Middleton J.R., McDougall S., Katholm J., Schukken Y.H. Molecular epidemiology of mastitis pathogens of dairy cattle and comparative relevance to humans. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 2011, 16:357-372.
136. Zdragas A., Tsakos P., Kotzamanidis C., Anatoliotis K., Tsaknakis I. Outbreak of mastitis in ewes caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. J. Hellenic Vet. Med. Soc. 2005, 56:114-121.
137. Zecchinon L., Fett T., Desmecht D. How Mannheimia haemolytica defeats host defence through a kiss of death mechanism. Vet. Res. 2005, 36:133-156.