Predicting Procedural Justice in Police–Citizen Encounters

Criminal Justice and Behavior

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 119-139

  Mastrofski, Stephen D ^a   Jonathan Zamir, Tal ^b   Moyal, Shomron ^b   Willis, James J ^a  

^a GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

discretion; police; policing; procedural justice

Indexed keywords

EID: 84948463319     PISSN: 00938548     EISSN: 15523594     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0093854815613540     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. D.H.BayleyE.Bittner (1984). Police effectiveness in problematic situations. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
2. R.Bickel (2007). Multilevel analysis for applied research: It’s just regression!New York, NY: Guilford Press.
3. E.Bittner (1970). The function of the police in modern society: A review of background factors, current practices and possible role models. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
4. E.Bittner (1974). Florence Nightingale in pursuit of Willie Sutton: A theory of the police. In H.Jacob (Ed.), The potential for reform of criminal justice (Vol. 3, pp. 17-44). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5. D.J.Black (1980). The manners and customs of the police.New York, NY: Academic Press.
6. D.J.Black (1993). The social structure of right and wrong.San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
7. D.J.BlackA.J.ReissJr. (1967). Patterns of behavior in police and citizen transactions. In A.J.Reiss (Ed.), Studies in crime and law enforcement in major metropolitan areas (Vol. 2, pp. 1-139). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
8. S.L.BladerT.R.Tyler (2003). A four-component model of procedural justice: Defining the meaning of a “fair” process. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 747-758.
9. M.K.Brown (1981). Working the street: Police discretion and the dilemmas of reform. New York, NY: Russell Sage.
10. I.B.CapersA.S.Burke (2014). Law of police seizures and the exercise of discretion. In G.BruinsmaD.Weisburd (Eds.), Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice (pp. 2852-2857). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
11. G.CordnerM.Scott (2014). Police discretion and its control. In G.BruinsmaD.Weisburd (Eds.), Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice (pp. 3587-3596). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
12. M.DaiD.Nation (2009). Understanding non-coercive, procedurally fair behavior by the police during encounters. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 37, 170-181.
13. S.DanzigerJ.LevavL.Avnaim-Pesso (2011). Extraneous factors in judicial decisions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 6889-6892.
14. C.DeJong (2004). Gender differences in officer attitude and behavior: Providing comfort to citizens. Women & Criminal Justice, 15(3-4), 1-32.
15. A.DiamantopoulosH.M.Winklhofer (2001). Index construction with formative indicators: An alternative to scale development. Journal of Marketing Research, 38, 269-277.
16. R.S.Engel (2000). The effects of supervisory styles on patrol officer behavior. Police Quarterly, 3, 262-293.
17. C.N.FamegaJ.FrankL.Mazerolle (2005). Managing police patrol time: The role of supervisor directives. Justice Quarterly, 22, 540-559.
18. R.B.Felson (1996). Big people hit little people: Sex differences in physical power and interpersonal violence. Criminology, 34, 433-452.
19. T.FoleyW.Terrill (2008). Police comfort and victims. Victims & Offenders, 3, 192-216.
20. R.E.Ford (2003). Saying one thing, meaning another: The role of parables in police training. Police Quarterly, 6, 84-110.
21. I.H.FriezeD.Bar-Tal (1979). Attribution theory: Past and present. In I.H.FriezeD.Bar-TalJ.S.Carroll (Eds.), New approaches to social problems (pp. 1-21). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
22. E.Goffman (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York, NY: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group.
23. E.Goffman (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
24. E.Goffman (2005). Interaction ritual: Essays in face-to-face behavior. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction. (Original work published 1967)
25. G.Gonos (1977). “Situation” versus “frame”: The “interactionist” and the “structuralist”: Analyses of everyday life. American Sociological Review, 42, 854-867.
26. A.R.Hochschild (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.
27. Interim Report. (2015). President’s task force on 21st century policing. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing. Retrieved from http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/Interim_TF_Report.pdf
28. D.JohnsonE.MaguireJ.Kuhns (2014). Public perceptions of the legitimacy of the law and legal authorities: Evidence from the Caribbean. Law & Society Review, 48, 947-978.
29. T.Jonathan-ZamirS.D.MastrofskiS.Moyal (2015). Measuring procedural justice in police-citizen encounters. Justice Quarterly, 32, 845-871. doi:10.1080/07418825.2013.845677
30. D.Kahneman (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
31. J.KenworthyC.FayM.FrameR.Petree (2014). A meta-analytic review of the relationship between emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44, 94-105.
32. T.R.KochelD.B.WilsonS.D.Mastrofski (2011). The effect of suspect race on police officers’ arrest decisions. Criminology, 49, 473-512.
33. N.KopM.EuwemaW.Schaufeli (1999). Burnout, job stress and violent behaviour among Dutch police officers. Work & Stress, 13, 326-340.
34. L.LangtonM.Durose (2013). Police behavior during traffic and street stops, 2011. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&;iid=4779
35. M.Lipsky (1980). Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York, NY: Russell Sage.
36. D.J.Lytle (2014). The effects of suspect characteristics: A meta-analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 42, 589-597.
37. S.E.Martin (1999). Police force or police service? Gender and emotional labor. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561, 111-126.
38. S.E.MartinN.C.Jurik (1996). Doing justice, doing gender: Women in law and criminal justice occupation. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
39. S.D.Mastrofski (1996). Measuring police performance in public encounters. In L.Hoover (Ed.), Quantifying quality in police performance in public encounters (pp. 207–241). Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.
40. S.D.Mastrofski (2006). Community policing: A skeptical view. In D.WeisburdA.Braga (Eds.), Prospects and problems in an era of police innovation: Contrasting perspectives (pp. 44-73). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
41. S.D.MastrofskiR.B.ParksJ.D.McCluskey (2010). Systematic social observation in criminology. In A.R.PiqueroD.Weisburd (Eds.), Handbook of quantitative criminology (pp. 225-247). New York, NY: Springer.
42. S.D.MastrofskiR.B.ParksA.J.ReissJr.R.E.WordenC.DeJongJ.B.SnipesW.Terrill (1998). Systematic observation of public police: Applying field research methods to policy issues. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.
43. S.D.MastrofskiM.D.ReisigJ.D.McCluskey (2002). Police disrespect toward the public: An encounter-based analysis. Criminology, 40, 519-552.
44. S.D.MastrofskiJ.B.SnipesR.B.ParksC.D.Maxwell (2000). The helping hand of the law: Police control of citizens on request. Criminology, 38, 307-342.
45. S.Maynard-MoodyM.Musheno (2000). State agent or citizen agent: Two narratives of discretion. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10, 329-359.
46. S.Maynard-MoodyM.Musheno (2003). Cops, teachers, counselors: Stories from the front lines of public service. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
47. S.Maynard-MoodyS.Portillo (2010). Street-level bureaucracy theory. In R.Durant (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of American bureaucracy (pp. 252-277). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238958.003.0011
48. J.D.McCluskey (2003). Police requests for compliance: Coercive and procedurally just tactics. New York, NY: LFB Scholarly Publishing.
49. J.A.MorrisD.C.Feldman (1996). The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labor. Academy of Management Review, 21, 986-1010.
50. W.K.Muir (1977). Police: Streetcorner politicians. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
51. K.Murphy (2014). Procedural justice, legitimacy and policing. In G.BruinsmaD.Weisburd (Eds.), Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice (pp. 4024-4034). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
52. E.A.Paoline (2003). Taking stock: Toward a richer understanding of police culture. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31, 199-214.
53. E.A.PaolineW.Terrill (2005). The impact of police culture on traffic stop searches: An analysis of attitudes and behavior. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 28, 455-472.
54. M.R.PogrebinE.D.Poole (1995). Emotion management: A study of police response to tragic events. In M.G.FlahertyC.Ellis (Eds.), Social perspectives on emotion (Vol. 3, pp. 149-168). New York, NY: Elsevier Science.
55. J.M.Prottas (1979). People-processing: The street-level bureaucrat in public service bureaucracies. Lexington, MA: Lexington Press.
56. C.E.Rabe-Hemp (2008). Female officers and the ethic of care: Does officer gender impact police behaviors?Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 426-434.
57. A.J.ReissJr. (1971a). The police and the public. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
58. A.J.ReissJr. (1971b). A systematic observation of natural social phenomena. In H.L.Costner (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1971 (pp. 3-33). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
59. D.P.RosenbaumA.M.SchuckS.K.CostelloD.F.HawkinsM.K.Ring (2005). Attitudes toward the police: The effects of direct and vicarious experience. Police Quarterly, 8, 343-365.
60. M.T.RosslerW.Terrill (2012). Police responsiveness to service-related requests. Police Quarterly, 15, 3-24.
61. J.Rubinstein (1973). City police. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
62. J.A.SchaferS.D.Mastrofski (2005). Police leniency in traffic enforcement encounters: Exploratory findings from observations and interviews. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, 225-238.
63. A.M.Schuck (2014). Gender differences in policing: Testing hypotheses from the performance and disruption perspectives. Feminist Criminology, 9, 160-185.
64. C.SeronJ.PereiraJ.Kovath (2004). Judging police misconduct: “Street-level” versus professional policing. Law & Society Review, 38, 665-710.
65. D.A.Sklansky (2006). Not your father’s police department: Making sense of the new demographics of law enforcement. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 96, 1209-1243.
66. W.SkoganK.Frydl (2004). Fairness and effectiveness in policing: The evidence (Committee to Review Research on Police Policy and Practices, Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
67. W.SkoganT.L.Meares (2004). Lawful policing. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593, 66-83.
68. J.H.Skolnick (1994). Justice without trial: Law enforcement in democratic society (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Wiley.
69. L.J.StalansM.A.Finn (1995). How novice and experienced officers interpret wife assault: Normative and efficiency frames. Law & Society Review, 29, 287-321.
70. I.Y.Sun (2003). A comparison of police field training officers’ and nontraining officers’ conflict resolution styles: Controlling versus supportive strategies. Police Quarterly, 6, 22-50.
71. I.Y.Sun (2006). Police response to victims of domestic and non-domestic violence. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 29, 145-172.
72. I.Y.SunB.K.Payne (2004). Racial differences in resolving conflicts: A comparison between black and white police officers. Crime & Delinquency, 50, 516-541.
73. I.Y.SunB.K.PayneY.Wu (2008). The impact of situational factors, officer characteristics, and neighborhood context on police behavior: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 22-32.
74. R.E.SykesE.E.Brent (1980). The regulation of interaction by police: A systems view of taking charge. Criminology, 18, 182-197.
75. J.T.TedeschiR.B.Felson (1994). Violence, aggression, and coercive actions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
76. W.Terrill (2001). Police coercion: Application of the force continuum. New York, NY: LFB Scholarly Publishing.
77. H.Toch (1980). Mobilizing police expertise. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 452, 53-62.
78. T.R.Tyler (2004). Enhancing police legitimacy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593, 593-608.
79. T.R.TylerS.Blader (2013). Cooperation in groups: Procedural justice, social identity, and behavioral engagement. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
80. T.R.TylerJ.JacksonB.Bradford (2014). Procedural justice and cooperation. In G.BruinsmaD.Weisburd (Eds.), Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice (pp. 4011-4024). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
81. J.Van Maanen (1974). Working the street: A developmental view of police behavior. In H.Jacob (Ed.), The potential for reform of criminal justice (pp. 83-130). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
82. M.D.White (2014). Police officer body-worn cameras: Assessing the evidence. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.
83. A.P.Worden (1993). Attitudes of women and men in policing: Testing conventional and contemporary wisdom. Criminology, 31, 203-242.
84. R.E.Worden (1989). Situational and attitudinal explanations of police behavior: A theoretical reappraisal and empirical assessment. Law & Society Review, 23, 667-711.
85. R.E.Worden (1995). The “causes” of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force. In W.A.GellerH.Toch (Eds.), And justice for all: Understanding and controlling police abuse of force (pp. 31-60). Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.
86. R.E.WordenC.HarrisS.J.McLean (2014). Risk assessment and risk management in policing. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 37, 239-258.
87. R.E.WordenS.J.McLean (2014a). Police discretion in law enforcement. In G.BruinsmaD.Weisburd (Eds.), Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice (pp. 3596-3607). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
88. R.E.WordenS.J.McLean (2014b). Systematic social observation of the police. In M.D.ReisigR.J.Kane (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of police and policing (pp. 471-496). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.