메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 228, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 443-451

Selective loss of alpha motor neurons with sparing of gamma motor neurons and spinal cord cholinergic neurons in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy

Author keywords

SMA; Alpha motor neuron; Cholinergic neuron; Gamma motor neuron; Spinal cord; Spinal muscular atrophy

Indexed keywords

ALPHA NERVE FIBER; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC GANGLION; CELL COUNT; CELL LOSS; CELL POPULATION; CELL SIZE; CHOLINERGIC NERVE CELL; CONTROLLED STUDY; GAMMA MOTONEURON; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; INTERNEURON; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PREGANGLIONIC NERVE CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY; SYMPATHETIC NERVE CELL; ANIMAL; DISEASE MODEL; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MOTONEURON; PATHOLOGY;

EID: 84947967882     PISSN: 00218782     EISSN: 14697580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/joa.12419     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 31144436681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finger cold-induced vasodilatation, sympathetic skin response, and R-R interval variation in patients with progressive spinal muscular atrophy
    • Arai H, Tanabe Y, Hachiya Y, et al. (2005) Finger cold-induced vasodilatation, sympathetic skin response, and R-R interval variation in patients with progressive spinal muscular atrophy. J Child Neurol 20, 871-875.
    • (2005) J Child Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 871-875
    • Arai, H.1    Tanabe, Y.2    Hachiya, Y.3
  • 2
    • 84862834316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wnt7A identifies embryonic gamma-motor neurons and reveals early postnatal dependence of gamma-motor neurons on a muscle spindle-derived signal
    • Ashrafi S, Lalancette-Hebert M, Friese A, et al. (2012) Wnt7A identifies embryonic gamma-motor neurons and reveals early postnatal dependence of gamma-motor neurons on a muscle spindle-derived signal. J Neurosci 32, 8725-8731.
    • (2012) J Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 8725-8731
    • Ashrafi, S.1    Lalancette-Hebert, M.2    Friese, A.3
  • 3
    • 0021740934 scopus 로고
    • The morphology and distribution of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase in the adult rat spinal cord: an immunocytochemical study
    • Barber RP, Phelps PE, Houser CR, et al. (1984) The morphology and distribution of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase in the adult rat spinal cord: an immunocytochemical study. J Comp Neurol 229, 329-346.
    • (1984) J Comp Neurol , vol.229 , pp. 329-346
    • Barber, R.P.1    Phelps, P.E.2    Houser, C.R.3
  • 4
    • 0030776040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the SMN gene, the spinal muscular atrophy determining gene, in the mammalian central nervous system
    • Battaglia G, Princivalle A, Forti F, et al. (1997) Expression of the SMN gene, the spinal muscular atrophy determining gene, in the mammalian central nervous system. Hum Mol Genet 6, 1961-1971.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 1961-1971
    • Battaglia, G.1    Princivalle, A.2    Forti, F.3
  • 5
    • 84861203414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic partition cells and lamina X neurons induce a muscarinic-dependent short-term potentiation of commissural glutamatergic inputs in lumbar motoneurons
    • Bertrand SS, Cazalets JR (2011) Cholinergic partition cells and lamina X neurons induce a muscarinic-dependent short-term potentiation of commissural glutamatergic inputs in lumbar motoneurons. Front Neural Circuits 5, 15.
    • (2011) Front Neural Circuits , vol.5 , pp. 15
    • Bertrand, S.S.1    Cazalets, J.R.2
  • 6
    • 84891931388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective vulnerability of spinal and cortical motor neuron subpopulations in delta7 SMA mice
    • D'Errico P, Boido M, Piras A, et al. (2013) Selective vulnerability of spinal and cortical motor neuron subpopulations in delta7 SMA mice. PLoS ONE 8, e82654.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e82654
    • D'Errico, P.1    Boido, M.2    Piras, A.3
  • 7
    • 84878850818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + ATPase alpha1 and alpha3 isoforms are differentially expressed in alpha- and gamma-motoneurons
    • + ATPase alpha1 and alpha3 isoforms are differentially expressed in alpha- and gamma-motoneurons. J Neurosci 33, 9913-9919.
    • (2013) J Neurosci , vol.33 , pp. 9913-9919
    • Edwards, I.J.1    Bruce, G.2    Lawrenson, C.3
  • 8
    • 84862145991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal muscular atrophy: the role of SMN in axonal mRNA regulation
    • Fallini C, Bassell GJ, Rossoll W (2012) Spinal muscular atrophy: the role of SMN in axonal mRNA regulation. Brain Res 1462, 81-92.
    • (2012) Brain Res , vol.1462 , pp. 81-92
    • Fallini, C.1    Bassell, G.J.2    Rossoll, W.3
  • 9
    • 0036154959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analyses of SMN1 and SMN2 based on real-time lightCycler PCR: fast and highly reliable carrier testing and prediction of severity of spinal muscular atrophy
    • Feldkotter M, Schwarzer V, Wirth R, et al. (2002) Quantitative analyses of SMN1 and SMN2 based on real-time lightCycler PCR: fast and highly reliable carrier testing and prediction of severity of spinal muscular atrophy. Am J Hum Genet 70, 358-368.
    • (2002) Am J Hum Genet , vol.70 , pp. 358-368
    • Feldkotter, M.1    Schwarzer, V.2    Wirth, R.3
  • 10
    • 69449096818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma and alpha motor neurons distinguished by expression of transcription factor Err3
    • Friese A, Kaltschmidt JA, Ladle DR, et al. (2009) Gamma and alpha motor neurons distinguished by expression of transcription factor Err3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 13588-13593.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 13588-13593
    • Friese, A.1    Kaltschmidt, J.A.2    Ladle, D.R.3
  • 11
    • 84942511422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UBA1: at the crossroads of ubiquitin homeostasis and neurodegeneration
    • Groen EJ, Gillingwater TH (2015) UBA1: at the crossroads of ubiquitin homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Trends Mol Med 21, 622-632.
    • (2015) Trends Mol Med , vol.21 , pp. 622-632
    • Groen, E.J.1    Gillingwater, T.H.2
  • 12
    • 27944467386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic dysfunction in cases of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 with long survival
    • Hachiya Y, Arai H, Hayashi M, et al. (2005) Autonomic dysfunction in cases of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 with long survival. Brain Dev 27, 574-578.
    • (2005) Brain Dev , vol.27 , pp. 574-578
    • Hachiya, Y.1    Arai, H.2    Hayashi, M.3
  • 13
    • 84871718500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal muscular atrophy: going beyond the motor neuron
    • Hamilton G, Gillingwater TH (2013) Spinal muscular atrophy: going beyond the motor neuron. Trends Mol Med 19, 40-50.
    • (2013) Trends Mol Med , vol.19 , pp. 40-50
    • Hamilton, G.1    Gillingwater, T.H.2
  • 14
    • 0018310332 scopus 로고
    • A preganglionic autonomic nucleus in the dorsal gray commissure of the lumbar spinal cord of the rat
    • Hancock MB, Peveto CA (1979) A preganglionic autonomic nucleus in the dorsal gray commissure of the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. J Comp Neurol 183, 65-72.
    • (1979) J Comp Neurol , vol.183 , pp. 65-72
    • Hancock, M.B.1    Peveto, C.A.2
  • 15
    • 0023855520 scopus 로고
    • Medial gastrocnemius motor nucleus in the rat: age-related changes in the number and size of motoneurons
    • Hashizume K, Kanda K, Burke RE (1988) Medial gastrocnemius motor nucleus in the rat: age-related changes in the number and size of motoneurons. J Comp Neurol 269, 425-430.
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.269 , pp. 425-430
    • Hashizume, K.1    Kanda, K.2    Burke, R.E.3
  • 17
    • 77957735974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmia and cardiac defects are a feature of spinal muscular atrophy model mice
    • Heier CR, Satta R, Lutz C, et al. (2010) Arrhythmia and cardiac defects are a feature of spinal muscular atrophy model mice. Hum Mol Genet 19, 3906-3918.
    • (2010) Hum Mol Genet , vol.19 , pp. 3906-3918
    • Heier, C.R.1    Satta, R.2    Lutz, C.3
  • 18
    • 0033987669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy
    • Hsieh-Li HM, Chang JG, Jong YJ, et al. (2000) A mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy. Nat Genet 24, 66-70.
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.24 , pp. 66-70
    • Hsieh-Li, H.M.1    Chang, J.G.2    Jong, Y.J.3
  • 20
    • 48249145306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced SMN protein impairs maturation of the neuromuscular junctions in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy
    • Kariya S, Park GH, Maeno-Hikichi Y, et al. (2008) Reduced SMN protein impairs maturation of the neuromuscular junctions in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 17, 2552-2569.
    • (2008) Hum Mol Genet , vol.17 , pp. 2552-2569
    • Kariya, S.1    Park, G.H.2    Maeno-Hikichi, Y.3
  • 21
    • 0028797783 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of a spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene
    • Lefebvre S, Burglen L, Reboullet S, et al. (1995) Identification and characterization of a spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene. Cell 80, 155-165.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 155-165
    • Lefebvre, S.1    Burglen, L.2    Reboullet, S.3
  • 22
    • 78649723966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic defects in the spinal and neuromuscular circuitry in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
    • Ling KK, Lin MY, Zingg B, et al. (2010) Synaptic defects in the spinal and neuromuscular circuitry in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. PLoS ONE 5, e15457.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5 , pp. e15457
    • Ling, K.K.1    Lin, M.Y.2    Zingg, B.3
  • 23
    • 83455213467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe neuromuscular denervation of clinically relevant muscles in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
    • Ling KK, Gibbs RM, Feng Z, et al. (2012) Severe neuromuscular denervation of clinically relevant muscles in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 21, 185-195.
    • (2012) Hum Mol Genet , vol.21 , pp. 185-195
    • Ling, K.K.1    Gibbs, R.M.2    Feng, Z.3
  • 24
    • 0033033434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single nucleotide in the SMN gene regulates splicing and is responsible for spinal muscular atrophy
    • Lorson CL, Hahnen E, Androphy EJ, et al. (1999) A single nucleotide in the SMN gene regulates splicing and is responsible for spinal muscular atrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 6307-6311.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.96 , pp. 6307-6311
    • Lorson, C.L.1    Hahnen, E.2    Androphy, E.J.3
  • 25
    • 45249106162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal muscular atrophy
    • Lunn MR, Wang CH (2008) Spinal muscular atrophy. Lancet 371, 2120-2133.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 2120-2133
    • Lunn, M.R.1    Wang, C.H.2
  • 26
    • 0016765432 scopus 로고
    • Sensory system involvement in infantile spinal muscular atrophy
    • Marshall A, Duchen LW (1975) Sensory system involvement in infantile spinal muscular atrophy. J Neurol Sci 26, 349-359.
    • (1975) J Neurol Sci , vol.26 , pp. 349-359
    • Marshall, A.1    Duchen, L.W.2
  • 27
    • 79551663958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early functional impairment of sensory-motor connectivity in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
    • Mentis GZ, Blivis D, Liu W, et al. (2011) Early functional impairment of sensory-motor connectivity in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Neuron 69, 453-467.
    • (2011) Neuron , vol.69 , pp. 453-467
    • Mentis, G.Z.1    Blivis, D.2    Liu, W.3
  • 28
    • 33847790820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cholinergic interneurons regulate the excitability of motoneurons during locomotion
    • Miles GB, Hartley R, Todd AJ, et al. (2007) Spinal cholinergic interneurons regulate the excitability of motoneurons during locomotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 2448-2453.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 2448-2453
    • Miles, G.B.1    Hartley, R.2    Todd, A.J.3
  • 29
    • 84856758095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteopontin is an alpha motor neuron marker in the mouse spinal cord
    • Misawa H, Hara M, Tanabe S, et al. (2012) Osteopontin is an alpha motor neuron marker in the mouse spinal cord. J Neurosci Res 90, 732-742.
    • (2012) J Neurosci Res , vol.90 , pp. 732-742
    • Misawa, H.1    Hara, M.2    Tanabe, S.3
  • 30
    • 0032051750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective loss of alpha motoneurons innervating the medial gastrocnemius muscle in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Mohajeri MH, Figlewicz DA, Bohn MC (1998) Selective loss of alpha motoneurons innervating the medial gastrocnemius muscle in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 150, 329-336.
    • (1998) Exp Neurol , vol.150 , pp. 329-336
    • Mohajeri, M.H.1    Figlewicz, D.A.2    Bohn, M.C.3
  • 31
    • 0032799998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single nucleotide difference that alters splicing patterns distinguishes the SMA gene SMN1 from the copy gene SMN2
    • Monani UR, Lorson CL, Parsons DW, et al. (1999) A single nucleotide difference that alters splicing patterns distinguishes the SMA gene SMN1 from the copy gene SMN2. Hum Mol Genet 8, 1177-1183.
    • (1999) Hum Mol Genet , vol.8 , pp. 1177-1183
    • Monani, U.R.1    Lorson, C.L.2    Parsons, D.W.3
  • 32
    • 41149113045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective vulnerability of motor neurons and dissociation of pre- and post-synaptic pathology at the neuromuscular junction in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy
    • Murray LM, Comley LH, Thomson D, et al. (2008) Selective vulnerability of motor neurons and dissociation of pre- and post-synaptic pathology at the neuromuscular junction in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 17, 949-962.
    • (2008) Hum Mol Genet , vol.17 , pp. 949-962
    • Murray, L.M.1    Comley, L.H.2    Thomson, D.3
  • 33
    • 80054880080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible molecular pathology of skeletal muscle in spinal muscular atrophy
    • Mutsaers CA, Wishart TM, Lamont DJ, et al. (2011) Reversible molecular pathology of skeletal muscle in spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 20, 4334-4344.
    • (2011) Hum Mol Genet , vol.20 , pp. 4334-4344
    • Mutsaers, C.A.1    Wishart, T.M.2    Lamont, D.J.3
  • 34
    • 77953542008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal muscular atrophy: new and emerging insights from model mice
    • Park GH, Kariya S, Monani UR (2010) Spinal muscular atrophy: new and emerging insights from model mice. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 10, 108-117.
    • (2010) Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep , vol.10 , pp. 108-117
    • Park, G.H.1    Kariya, S.2    Monani, U.R.3
  • 35
    • 0036591880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SMN complex, an assemblyosome of ribonucleoproteins
    • Paushkin S, Gubitz AK, Massenet S, et al. (2002) The SMN complex, an assemblyosome of ribonucleoproteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 14, 305-312.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.14 , pp. 305-312
    • Paushkin, S.1    Gubitz, A.K.2    Massenet, S.3
  • 36
    • 0032567036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel function for SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, in pre-mRNA splicing
    • Pellizzoni L, Kataoka N, Charroux B, et al. (1998) A novel function for SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, in pre-mRNA splicing. Cell 95, 615-624.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.95 , pp. 615-624
    • Pellizzoni, L.1    Kataoka, N.2    Charroux, B.3
  • 37
    • 84908887829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased levels of UCHL1 are a compensatory response to disrupted ubiquitin homeostasis in spinal muscular atrophy and do not represent a viable therapeutic target
    • Powis RA, Mutsaers CA, Wishart TM, et al. (2014) Increased levels of UCHL1 are a compensatory response to disrupted ubiquitin homeostasis in spinal muscular atrophy and do not represent a viable therapeutic target. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 40, 873-887.
    • (2014) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.40 , pp. 873-887
    • Powis, R.A.1    Mutsaers, C.A.2    Wishart, T.M.3
  • 38
    • 77952295831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAHA ameliorates the SMA phenotype in two mouse models for spinal muscular atrophy
    • Riessland M, Ackermann B, Forster A, et al. (2010) SAHA ameliorates the SMA phenotype in two mouse models for spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 19, 1492-1506.
    • (2010) Hum Mol Genet , vol.19 , pp. 1492-1506
    • Riessland, M.1    Ackermann, B.2    Forster, A.3
  • 39
    • 54049121013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital heart disease is a feature of severe infantile spinal muscular atrophy
    • Rudnik-Schoneborn S, Heller R, Berg C, et al. (2008) Congenital heart disease is a feature of severe infantile spinal muscular atrophy. J Med Genet 45, 635-638.
    • (2008) J Med Genet , vol.45 , pp. 635-638
    • Rudnik-Schoneborn, S.1    Heller, R.2    Berg, C.3
  • 40
    • 84890188869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter release in motor nerve terminals of a mouse model of mild spinal muscular atrophy
    • Ruiz R, Tabares L (2014) Neurotransmitter release in motor nerve terminals of a mouse model of mild spinal muscular atrophy. J Anat 224, 74-84.
    • (2014) J Anat , vol.224 , pp. 74-84
    • Ruiz, R.1    Tabares, L.2
  • 41
    • 0018182595 scopus 로고
    • Histochemical study of the muscle spindles in parkinsonism, motor neuron disease and myasthenia. An examination of the pathological fusimotor endings by the acetylcholinesterase technic
    • Saito M, Tomonaga M, Narabayashi H (1978) Histochemical study of the muscle spindles in parkinsonism, motor neuron disease and myasthenia. An examination of the pathological fusimotor endings by the acetylcholinesterase technic. J Neurol 219, 261-271.
    • (1978) J Neurol , vol.219 , pp. 261-271
    • Saito, M.1    Tomonaga, M.2    Narabayashi, H.3
  • 42
    • 84862520770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis
    • Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E, et al. (2012) Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods 9, 676-682.
    • (2012) Nat Methods , vol.9 , pp. 676-682
    • Schindelin, J.1    Arganda-Carreras, I.2    Frise, E.3
  • 43
    • 84859775634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytoarchitecture of the spinal cord of the postnatal (P4) mouse
    • Sengul G, Puchalski RB, Watson C (2012) Cytoarchitecture of the spinal cord of the postnatal (P4) mouse. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 295, 837-845.
    • (2012) Anat Rec (Hoboken) , vol.295 , pp. 837-845
    • Sengul, G.1    Puchalski, R.B.2    Watson, C.3
  • 44
    • 84890131445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal muscular atrophy: a motor neuron disorder or a multi-organ disease?
    • Shababi M, Lorson CL, Rudnik-Schoneborn SS (2014) Spinal muscular atrophy: a motor neuron disorder or a multi-organ disease? J Anat 224, 15-28.
    • (2014) J Anat , vol.224 , pp. 15-28
    • Shababi, M.1    Lorson, C.L.2    Rudnik-Schoneborn, S.S.3
  • 45
    • 74849087730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma motor neurons express distinct genetic markers at birth and require muscle spindle-derived GDNF for postnatal survival
    • Shneider NA, Brown MN, Smith CA, et al. (2009) Gamma motor neurons express distinct genetic markers at birth and require muscle spindle-derived GDNF for postnatal survival. Neural Dev 4, 42.
    • (2009) Neural Dev , vol.4 , pp. 42
    • Shneider, N.A.1    Brown, M.N.2    Smith, C.A.3
  • 46
    • 79959658484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of mouse models to understanding the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy
    • Sleigh JN, Gillingwater TH, Talbot K (2011) The contribution of mouse models to understanding the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy. Dis Model Mech 4, 457-467.
    • (2011) Dis Model Mech , vol.4 , pp. 457-467
    • Sleigh, J.N.1    Gillingwater, T.H.2    Talbot, K.3
  • 47
    • 78049303968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monosynaptic rabies virus reveals premotor network organization and synaptic specificity of cholinergic partition cells
    • Stepien AE, Tripodi M, Arber S (2010) Monosynaptic rabies virus reveals premotor network organization and synaptic specificity of cholinergic partition cells. Neuron 68, 456-472.
    • (2010) Neuron , vol.68 , pp. 456-472
    • Stepien, A.E.1    Tripodi, M.2    Arber, S.3
  • 48
    • 0016184659 scopus 로고
    • The pathology of the human muscle spindle: effect of denervation
    • Swash M, Fox KP (1974) The pathology of the human muscle spindle: effect of denervation. J Neurol Sci 22, 1-24.
    • (1974) J Neurol Sci , vol.22 , pp. 1-24
    • Swash, M.1    Fox, K.P.2
  • 49
    • 84871451459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological characteristics of motor neurons do not determine their relative susceptibility to degeneration in a mouse model of severe spinal muscular atrophy
    • Thomson SR, Nahon JE, Mutsaers CA, et al. (2012) Morphological characteristics of motor neurons do not determine their relative susceptibility to degeneration in a mouse model of severe spinal muscular atrophy. PLoS ONE 7, e52605.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e52605
    • Thomson, S.R.1    Nahon, J.E.2    Mutsaers, C.A.3
  • 51
    • 9944233960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor-dependent fusimotor neuron survival during development
    • Whitehead J, Keller-Peck C, Kucera J, et al. (2005) Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor-dependent fusimotor neuron survival during development. Mech Dev 122, 27-41.
    • (2005) Mech Dev , vol.122 , pp. 27-41
    • Whitehead, J.1    Keller-Peck, C.2    Kucera, J.3
  • 52
    • 33645743043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mildly affected patients with spinal muscular atrophy are partially protected by an increased SMN2 copy number
    • Wirth B, Brichta L, Schrank B, et al. (2006) Mildly affected patients with spinal muscular atrophy are partially protected by an increased SMN2 copy number. Hum Genet 119, 422-428.
    • (2006) Hum Genet , vol.119 , pp. 422-428
    • Wirth, B.1    Brichta, L.2    Schrank, B.3
  • 53
    • 84897548490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of ubiquitin homeostasis and beta-catenin signaling promote spinal muscular atrophy
    • Wishart TM, Mutsaers CA, Riessland M, et al. (2014) Dysregulation of ubiquitin homeostasis and beta-catenin signaling promote spinal muscular atrophy. J Clin Invest 124, 1821-1834.
    • (2014) J Clin Invest , vol.124 , pp. 1821-1834
    • Wishart, T.M.1    Mutsaers, C.A.2    Riessland, M.3
  • 54
    • 84890217993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and function of cholinergic C bouton inputs to motor neurons
    • Witts EC, Zagoraiou L, Miles GB (2014) Anatomy and function of cholinergic C bouton inputs to motor neurons. J Anat 224, 52-60.
    • (2014) J Anat , vol.224 , pp. 52-60
    • Witts, E.C.1    Zagoraiou, L.2    Miles, G.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.