메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-354

Bayesian Networks and Probabilistic Inference in Forensic Science

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPLEX NETWORKS; DIGITAL FORENSICS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIR EVALUATION; PROBABILITY; STUDENTS;

EID: 84947321262     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/0470091754     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (253)

References (225)
  • 7
    • 84947341385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the discussion on "Bayesian analysis of the deoxyribonucleic acid profiling data in forensic identification applications", Foreman et al.
    • Aitken CGG and Taroni F 1997 A contribution to the discussion on "Bayesian analysis of the deoxyribonucleic acid profiling data in forensic identification applications", Foreman et al. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Serie A 160, 463.
    • (1997) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Serie A , vol.160 , pp. 463
    • Aitken, C.G.G.1    Taroni, F.2
  • 9
    • 0042634163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A graphical model for the evaluation of cross-transfer evidence in DNA profiles
    • Aitken CGG, Taroni F and Garbolino P 2003 A graphical model for the evaluation of cross-transfer evidence in DNA profiles. Theoretical Population Biology 63, 179-190.
    • (2003) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.63 , pp. 179-190
    • Aitken, C.G.G.1    Taroni, F.2    Garbolino, P.3
  • 11
    • 0012393726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errors and misunderstandings in the second NRC report
    • Balding DJ 1997 Errors and misunderstandings in the second NRC report. Jurimetrics Journal 37, 469-476.
    • (1997) Jurimetrics Journal , vol.37 , pp. 469-476
    • Balding, D.J.1
  • 12
    • 0010039603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting DNA evidence: Can probability theory help?
    • (Gastwirth JL), Statistics for Social Science and Public Policy Springer
    • Balding DJ 2000 Interpreting DNA evidence: Can probability theory help? In Statistical Science in the Courtroom (ed. Gastwirth JL), pp. 51-70. Statistics for Social Science and Public Policy Springer.
    • (2000) Statistical Science in the Courtroom , pp. 51-70
    • Balding, D.J.1
  • 13
    • 0042634161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Likelihood-based inference for genetic correlation coefficients
    • Balding DJ 2003 Likelihood-based inference for genetic correlation coefficients. Theoretical Population Biology 63, 221-230.
    • (2003) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.63 , pp. 221-230
    • Balding, D.J.1
  • 15
    • 0029975385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating DNA profile evidence when the suspect is identified through a database search
    • Balding DJ and Donnelly P 1996 Evaluating DNA profile evidence when the suspect is identified through a database search. Journal of Forensic Sciences 41(4), 603-607.
    • (1996) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 603-607
    • Balding, D.J.1    Donnelly, P.2
  • 17
    • 0028221074 scopus 로고
    • DNA profile match probability calculation: how to allow for population stratification, relatedness, database selection and single bands
    • Balding DJ and Nichols RA 1994 DNA profile match probability calculation: how to allow for population stratification, relatedness, database selection and single bands. Forensic Science International 64, 125-140.
    • (1994) Forensic Science International , vol.64 , pp. 125-140
    • Balding, D.J.1    Nichols, R.A.2
  • 18
    • 0029199341 scopus 로고
    • A method for quantifying differentiation between populations and multi-allelic loci and its implications for investigating identity and paternity
    • (Weir BS), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands
    • Balding DJ and Nichols RA 1995 A method for quantifying differentiation between populations and multi-allelic loci and its implications for investigating identity and paternity In Human Identification: the Use of DNA Markers (ed. Weir BS), pp. 3-12. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
    • (1995) Human Identification: the Use of DNA Markers , pp. 3-12
    • Balding, D.J.1    Nichols, R.A.2
  • 19
    • 0031172420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant genetic correlations among Caucasians at forensic DNA loci
    • Balding DJ and Nichols RA 1997 Significant genetic correlations among Caucasians at forensic DNA loci. Heredity 78, 583-589.
    • (1997) Heredity , vol.78 , pp. 583-589
    • Balding, D.J.1    Nichols, R.A.2
  • 20
    • 0013125619 scopus 로고
    • An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances
    • (1970) (eds. Pearson ES and Kendall MG), Griffin, London
    • Bayes T 1763 An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances In Studies in the History of Statistics and Probability (1970) (eds. Pearson ES and Kendall MG), vol. 1, pp. 134-153. Griffin, London.
    • (1763) Studies in the History of Statistics and Probability , vol.1 , pp. 134-153
    • Bayes, T.1
  • 22
    • 0002645034 scopus 로고
    • A statistical study of the individual characteristics of fired bullets
    • Biasotti AA 1959 A statistical study of the individual characteristics of fired bullets. Journal of Forensic Sciences 4, 34-50.
    • (1959) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.4 , pp. 34-50
    • Biasotti, A.A.1
  • 23
    • 4244029324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firearms and toolmark identification: the scientific basis of firearms and toolmark identification
    • (Faigman L, Kaye DH, Saks MJ and Sanders J), West Publishing, St. Paul, MN
    • Biasotti AA and Murdock J 1997 Firearms and toolmark identification: the scientific basis of firearms and toolmark identification In Modern Scientific Evidence: The Law and Science of Expert Testimony (eds. Faigman L, Kaye DH, Saks MJ and Sanders J), pp. 144-150. West Publishing, St. Paul, MN.
    • (1997) Modern Scientific Evidence: The Law and Science of Expert Testimony , pp. 144-150
    • Biasotti, A.A.1    Murdock, J.2
  • 24
    • 84947299630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian networks and the assessment of scientific evidence: the use of qualitative probabilistic networks and sensitivity analyses
    • Biedermann A and Taroni F 2004 Bayesian networks and the assessment of scientific evidence: the use of qualitative probabilistic networks and sensitivity analyses. 14th Interpol Forensic Science Symposium Lyon, France.
    • (2004) 14th Interpol Forensic Science Symposium Lyon, France
    • Biedermann, A.1    Taroni, F.2
  • 25
    • 84947323342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A probabilistic approach to the joint evaluation of firearms and GSR evidence
    • In press
    • Biedermann A and Taroni F 2005 A probabilistic approach to the joint evaluation of firearms and GSR evidence. Forensic Science International. In press.
    • (2005) Forensic Science International
    • Biedermann, A.1    Taroni, F.2
  • 26
    • 8444240885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of evidence in the forensic investigation of fire incidents (part I): an approach using Bayesian networks
    • Biedermann A, Taroni F, Delemont O, Semadeni C and Davison AC 2005a The evaluation of evidence in the forensic investigation of fire incidents (part I): an approach using Bayesian networks. Forensic Science International 147, 49-57.
    • (2005) Forensic Science International , vol.147 , pp. 49-57
    • Biedermann, A.1    Taroni, F.2    Delemont, O.3    Semadeni, C.4    Davison, A.C.5
  • 27
    • 8444237518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of evidence in the forensic investigation of fire incidents (part II): practical examples of the use of Bayesian networks
    • Biedermann A, Taroni F, Delemont O, Semadeni C and Davison AC 2005b The evaluation of evidence in the forensic investigation of fire incidents (part II): practical examples of the use of Bayesian networks. Forensic Science International 147, 56-69.
    • (2005) Forensic Science International , vol.147 , pp. 56-69
    • Biedermann, A.1    Taroni, F.2    Delemont, O.3    Semadeni, C.4    Davison, A.C.5
  • 28
    • 0036554449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case assessment and interpretation - application to a drugs supply case
    • Booth G, Johnston F and Jackson G 2002 Case assessment and interpretation - application to a drugs supply case. Science & Justice 42, 123-125.
    • (2002) Science & Justice , vol.42 , pp. 123-125
    • Booth, G.1    Johnston, F.2    Jackson, G.3
  • 29
    • 0031962942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting bounds for the likelihood ratio when multiple hypotheses are postulated
    • Buckleton JS, Evett IW and Weir BS 1998 Setting bounds for the likelihood ratio when multiple hypotheses are postulated. Science & Justice 38, 23-26.
    • (1998) Science & Justice , vol.38 , pp. 23-26
    • Buckleton, J.S.1    Evett, I.W.2    Weir, B.S.3
  • 30
    • 20544439038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relatedness and DNA: are we taking it seriously enough?
    • Buckleton JS and Triggs CM 2005 Relatedness and DNA: are we taking it seriously enough? Forensic Science International 152, 115-119.
    • (2005) Forensic Science International , vol.152 , pp. 115-119
    • Buckleton, J.S.1    Triggs, C.M.2
  • 32
    • 0033822605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consecutive matching striation criteria: a general critique
    • Bunch SG 2000 Consecutive matching striation criteria: a general critique. Journal of Forensic Sciences 45(5), 955-962.
    • (2000) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 955-962
    • Bunch, S.G.1
  • 36
    • 84947309883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European fibres group workshop: case assessment and Bayesian interpretation of fibres evidence
    • Krakow
    • Champod C and Jackson G 2000 European fibres group workshop: case assessment and Bayesian interpretation of fibres evidence. Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of European Fibres Group, pp. 33-45, Krakow.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of European Fibres Group , pp. 33-45
    • Champod, C.1    Jackson, G.2
  • 38
    • 7744245468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bayesian approach
    • eds. Robertson J and Grieve M, Taylor and Francis, London
    • Champod C and Taroni F 1999 The Bayesian approach In Forensic Examination of Fibres (eds. Robertson J and Grieve M), pp. 379-398. Taylor and Francis, London.
    • (1999) Forensic Examination of Fibres , pp. 379-398
    • Champod, C.1    Taroni, F.2
  • 39
    • 0026374073 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian networks without tears
    • Charniak E 1991 Bayesian networks without tears. AI Magazine 12(4), 50-63.
    • (1991) AI Magazine , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 50-63
    • Charniak, E.1
  • 41
    • 42449115170 scopus 로고
    • The difficulty about conjunction in forensic proof
    • Cohen JL 1988 The difficulty about conjunction in forensic proof. The Statistician 37, 415-416.
    • (1988) The Statistician , vol.37 , pp. 415-416
    • Cohen, J.L.1
  • 43
  • 46
    • 0025401005 scopus 로고
    • The computational complexity of probabilistic inference using Bayesian belief networks
    • Cooper GF 1990 The computational complexity of probabilistic inference using Bayesian belief networks. Artificial Intelligence 42, 393-405.
    • (1990) Artificial Intelligence , vol.42 , pp. 393-405
    • Cooper, G.F.1
  • 47
    • 0011725472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the representation and discovery of causal relationships using Bayesian networks
    • (Glymour C and Cooper GF), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Cooper GF 1999 An overview of the representation and discovery of causal relationships using Bayesian networks In Computation, Causation, and Discovery (eds. Glymour C and Cooper GF), pp. 3-62. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1999) Computation, Causation, and Discovery , pp. 3-62
    • Cooper, G.F.1
  • 50
    • 0038016626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FINEX: a probabilistic expert system for forensic identification
    • Cowell RG 2003 FINEX: a probabilistic expert system for forensic identification. Forensic Science International 134, 196-206.
    • (2003) Forensic Science International , vol.134 , pp. 196-206
    • Cowell, R.G.1
  • 54
    • 76749170479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to Bayesian credible intervals for sampling error in DNA profiles
    • Curran JM 2005 An introduction to Bayesian credible intervals for sampling error in DNA profiles. Law, Probability and Risk 4, 115-126.
    • (2005) Law, Probability and Risk , vol.4 , pp. 115-126
    • Curran, J.M.1
  • 60
    • 0242629908 scopus 로고
    • The difficulty about conjunction
    • Dawid AP 1987 The difficulty about conjunction. The Statistician 36, 91-97.
    • (1987) The Statistician , vol.36 , pp. 91-97
    • Dawid, A.P.1
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0036679398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence diagrams for causal modelling and inference
    • Dawid AP 2002 Influence diagrams for causal modelling and inference. International Statistical Review 70, 161-189.
    • (2002) International Statistical Review , vol.70 , pp. 161-189
    • Dawid, A.P.1
  • 64
    • 0031052225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using a graphical method to assist the evaluation of complicated patterns of evidence
    • Dawid AP and Evett IW 1997 Using a graphical method to assist the evaluation of complicated patterns of evidence. Journal of Forensic Sciences 42, 226-231.
    • (1997) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.42 , pp. 226-231
    • Dawid, A.P.1    Evett, I.W.2
  • 65
    • 33749590337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prequential probability: principles and properties
    • Dawid AP and Vovk V 1999 Prequential probability: principles and properties. Bernoulli 5, 125-162.
    • (1999) Bernoulli , vol.5 , pp. 125-162
    • Dawid, A.P.1    Vovk, V.2
  • 69
    • 0001918661 scopus 로고
    • La prévision. ses lois logiques, ses sources subjectives
    • English translation in etc
    • de Finetti B 1937 La prévision. ses lois logiques, ses sources subjectives. Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré 7, 1-68. English translation in etc.
    • (1937) Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré , vol.7 , pp. 1-68
    • de Finetti, B.1
  • 71
    • 84947323364 scopus 로고
    • La probabilità: guardarsi dalle contraffazioni!
    • ed. Mondadori M, Il Saggiatore, Milan
    • de Finetti B 1989 La probabilità: guardarsi dalle contraffazioni! In La logica Dell'incerto (ed. Mondadori M), pp. 149-188, Il Saggiatore, Milan.
    • (1989) La logica Dell'incerto , pp. 149-188
    • de Finetti, B.1
  • 74
    • 0007239882 scopus 로고
    • The Modified Griess Test: a chemically specific chromophoric test for nitrite compounds in gunshot residues
    • Dillon JH 1990 The Modified Griess Test: a chemically specific chromophoric test for nitrite compounds in gunshot residues. AFTE Journal 22(3), 243-250.
    • (1990) AFTE Journal , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-250
    • Dillon, J.H.1
  • 78
    • 0031169684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five useful properties of probabilistic knowledge representations from the point of view of intelligent systems
    • Special Issue on Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
    • Druzdzel MJ 1997 Five useful properties of probabilistic knowledge representations from the point of view of intelligent systems. Fundamenta Informaticae 30, 241-254. Special Issue on Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning.
    • (1997) Fundamenta Informaticae , vol.30 , pp. 241-254
    • Druzdzel, M.J.1
  • 79
    • 0040318380 scopus 로고
    • Belief propagation in qualitative probabilistic networks
    • (Carrete NP and Singh MG), CIMNE, Barcelona
    • Druzdzel MJ and Henrion M 1993a Belief propagation in qualitative probabilistic networks In Qualitative Reasoning and Decision Technologies (eds. Carrete NP and Singh MG), pp. 451-460. CIMNE, Barcelona.
    • (1993) Qualitative Reasoning and Decision Technologies , pp. 451-460
    • Druzdzel, M.J.1    Henrion, M.2
  • 82
    • 84894324963 scopus 로고
    • The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Earman J 1992 Bayes or Bust? The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1992) Bayes or Bust?
    • Earman, J.1
  • 84
    • 0039632408 scopus 로고
    • Influence diagrams, Bayesian imperialism, and the Collins case: an appeal to reason
    • Edwards W 1991 Influence diagrams, Bayesian imperialism, and the Collins case: an appeal to reason. Cardozo Law Review 13, 1025-1074.
    • (1991) Cardozo Law Review , vol.13 , pp. 1025-1074
    • Edwards, W.1
  • 86
    • 0038477181 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative theory for interpreting transfer evidence in criminal cases
    • Evett IW 1984 A quantitative theory for interpreting transfer evidence in criminal cases. Applied Statistics 33, 25-32.
    • (1984) Applied Statistics , vol.33 , pp. 25-32
    • Evett, I.W.1
  • 87
    • 0023574181 scopus 로고
    • On meaningful questions: a two-trace transfer problem
    • Evett IW 1987 On meaningful questions: a two-trace transfer problem. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 27, 375-381.
    • (1987) Journal of the Forensic Science Society , vol.27 , pp. 375-381
    • Evett, I.W.1
  • 88
    • 0026606381 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating DNA profiles in a case where the defence is "It was my brother"
    • Evett IW 1992 Evaluating DNA profiles in a case where the defence is "It was my brother". Journal of the Forensic Science Society 32(1), 5-14.
    • (1992) Journal of the Forensic Science Society , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-14
    • Evett, I.W.1
  • 89
    • 0027185196 scopus 로고
    • Establishing the evidential value of a small quantity of material found at a crime scene
    • Evett IW 1993 Establishing the evidential value of a small quantity of material found at a crime scene. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 33, 83-86.
    • (1993) Journal of the Forensic Science Society , vol.33 , pp. 83-86
    • Evett, I.W.1
  • 90
    • 0031930984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking accout of peak areas when interpreting mixed DNA profiles
    • Evett IW, Gill P and Lambert JA 1998a Taking accout of peak areas when interpreting mixed DNA profiles. Journal of Forensic Sciences 43, 62-69.
    • (1998) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.43 , pp. 62-69
    • Evett, I.W.1    Gill, P.2    Lambert, J.A.3
  • 91
    • 0031740673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian approach to interpreting footwear marks in forensic casework
    • Evett IW, Lambert JA and Buckleton JS 1998b A Bayesian approach to interpreting footwear marks in forensic casework. Science & Justice 38(4), 241-247.
    • (1998) Science & Justice , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 241-247
    • Evett, I.W.1    Lambert, J.A.2    Buckleton, J.S.3
  • 92
    • 0034034153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More in the hierarchy of propositions: exploring the distinction between explanations and propositions
    • Evett IW, Jackson G and Lambert JA 2000 More in the hierarchy of propositions: exploring the distinction between explanations and propositions. Science & Justice 40, 3-10.
    • (2000) Science & Justice , vol.40 , pp. 3-10
    • Evett, I.W.1    Jackson, G.2    Lambert, J.A.3
  • 93
    • 0036113576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting small quantities of DNA: the hierarchy of propositions and the use of Bayesian networks
    • Evett IW, Gill PD, Jackson G, Whitaker J and Champod C 2002a Interpreting small quantities of DNA: the hierarchy of propositions and the use of Bayesian networks. Journal of Forensic Sciences 47, 520-530.
    • (2002) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.47 , pp. 520-530
    • Evett, I.W.1    Gill, P.D.2    Jackson, G.3    Whitaker, J.4    Champod, C.5
  • 94
    • 0033773170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the principles of evidence interpretation and the structure and content of statements
    • Evett IW, Jackson G, Lambert JA and McCrossan S 2002b The impact of the principles of evidence interpretation and the structure and content of statements. Science & Justice 40, 233-239.
    • (2002) Science & Justice , vol.40 , pp. 233-239
    • Evett, I.W.1    Jackson, G.2    Lambert, J.A.3    McCrossan, S.4
  • 96
    • 0004578098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 'jury observation fallacy' and the use of Bayesian networks to present probabilistic legal arguments
    • Fenton N and Neil M 2000 The 'jury observation fallacy' and the use of Bayesian networks to present probabilistic legal arguments. Mathematics Today - Bulletin of the IMA 36, 180-187.
    • (2000) Mathematics Today - Bulletin of the IMA , vol.36 , pp. 180-187
    • Fenton, N.1    Neil, M.2
  • 97
    • 0001615919 scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian approach to identification evidence
    • Finkelstein MO and Fairley WB 1970 A Bayesian approach to identification evidence. Harvard Law Review 83, 489-517.
    • (1970) Harvard Law Review , vol.83 , pp. 489-517
    • Finkelstein, M.O.1    Fairley, W.B.2
  • 99
    • 0030745143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian approach to validating STR multiplex databases for use in forensic casework
    • Foreman LA, Smith AFM and Evett IW 1997 A Bayesian approach to validating STR multiplex databases for use in forensic casework. International Journal of Legal Medicine 110, 244-250.
    • (1997) International Journal of Legal Medicine , vol.110 , pp. 244-250
    • Foreman, L.A.1    Smith, A.F.M.2    Evett, I.W.3
  • 101
    • 0344845680 scopus 로고
    • A diagrammatic approach to evidence
    • Friedman RD 1986b A diagrammatic approach to evidence. Boston University Law Review 66, 571-622.
    • (1986) Boston University Law Review , vol.66 , pp. 571-622
    • Friedman, R.D.1
  • 102
  • 105
    • 0346563904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining relevance
    • Garbolino P 2001 Explaining relevance. Cardozo Law Review 22, 1503-1521.
    • (2001) Cardozo Law Review , vol.22 , pp. 1503-1521
    • Garbolino, P.1
  • 106
    • 0037127388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of scientific evidence using Bayesian networks
    • Garbolino P and Taroni F 2002 Evaluation of scientific evidence using Bayesian networks. Forensic Science International 125, 149-155.
    • (2002) Forensic Science International , vol.125 , pp. 149-155
    • Garbolino, P.1    Taroni, F.2
  • 107
  • 108
    • 0003247384 scopus 로고
    • Weight of evidence: a brief survey (with discussion)
    • eds. Bernardo JM, DeGroot MH, Lindley DV and Smith AFM, North Holland, Amsterdam
    • Good IJ 1985 Weight of evidence: a brief survey (with discussion) In Bayesian Statistics 2 (eds. Bernardo JM, DeGroot MH, Lindley DV and Smith AFM), pp. 249-270. North Holland, Amsterdam.
    • (1985) Bayesian Statistics 2 , pp. 249-270
    • Good, I.J.1
  • 109
    • 0033870652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional genotypic probabilities for microsatellite loci
    • Graham J, Curran J and Weir BS 2000 Conditional genotypic probabilities for microsatellite loci. Genetics 155, 1973-1980.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 1973-1980
    • Graham, J.1    Curran, J.2    Weir, B.S.3
  • 112
    • 0031791995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications and extensions of subpopulation theory: a caseworkers guide
    • Harbison SA and Buckleton JS 1998 Applications and extensions of subpopulation theory: a caseworkers guide. Science & Justice 38, 249-254.
    • (1998) Science & Justice , vol.38 , pp. 249-254
    • Harbison, S.A.1    Buckleton, J.S.2
  • 113
    • 0002469974 scopus 로고
    • The inference to the best explanation
    • Harman G 1965 The inference to the best explanation. Philosophical Review 77, 88-95.
    • (1965) Philosophical Review , vol.77 , pp. 88-95
    • Harman, G.1
  • 114
    • 33144480715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Report, Institute of Information and Computing Science, Utrecht University, Netherlands
    • Helsper EM and van der Gaag LC 2003 Ontologies for probabilistic networks. Technical Report UUCS-2003-042, Institute of Information and Computing Science, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
    • (2003) Ontologies for probabilistic networks
    • Helsper, E.M.1    van der Gaag, L.C.2
  • 116
    • 0348247190 scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in artificial intelligence: is probability epistemically and heuristically adequate?
    • eds. Mumpower J, Phillips LD, Renn O and Uppuluri VRR, Springer, Berlin
    • Henrion M 1986 Uncertainty in artificial intelligence: is probability epistemically and heuristically adequate? In Expert Judgement and Expert Systems (NATO ISI Series F) (eds. Mumpower J, Phillips LD, Renn O and Uppuluri VRR), pp. 105-130, vol. 35. Springer, Berlin .
    • (1986) Expert Judgement and Expert Systems (NATO ISI Series F) , vol.35 , pp. 105-130
    • Henrion, M.1
  • 117
    • 0002535440 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative propagation and scenario-based approaches to explanation of probabilistic reasoning
    • (Bonissone PP, Henrion M, Kanal LN and Lemmer JF), Elsevier, North Holland
    • Henrion M and Druzdzel MJ 1991 Qualitative propagation and scenario-based approaches to explanation of probabilistic reasoning In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 6 (eds. Bonissone PP, Henrion M, Kanal LN and Lemmer JF), pp. 17-32. Elsevier, North Holland.
    • (1991) Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 6 , pp. 17-32
    • Henrion, M.1    Druzdzel, M.J.2
  • 118
    • 84884653892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic causation
    • ed. Zalta EN, last accessed April 2005
    • Hitchcock C 2002 Probabilistic causation In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (ed. Zalta EN) http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2002/entries/causation-probabilistic/ (last accessed April 2005).
    • (2002) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
    • Hitchcock, C.1
  • 121
    • 9244255950 scopus 로고
    • Biostatistical opinion of parentage based upon the results of blood group tests
    • ed. Schmidt P). Gustav Fisher, Stuttgart
    • Hummel K 1971 Biostatistical opinion of parentage based upon the results of blood group tests In Biostatistische Abstammungsbegutachtung mit Blutgruppenbefunden (ed. Schmidt P). Gustav Fisher, Stuttgart.
    • (1971) Biostatistische Abstammungsbegutachtung mit Blutgruppenbefunden
    • Hummel, K.1
  • 122
    • 21444457135 scopus 로고
    • Selection of gene frequency tables
    • ed. Walker R). American Association of Blook Banks, Arlington, VA
    • Hummel K 1983 Selection of gene frequency tables In Inclusion Probabilities in Parentage Testing (ed. Walker R). American Association of Blook Banks, Arlington, VA.
    • (1983) Inclusion Probabilities in Parentage Testing
    • Hummel, K.1
  • 123
    • 0033827230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scientist and the scales of justice
    • Jackson G 2000 The scientist and the scales of justice. Science & Justice 40, 81-85.
    • (2000) Science & Justice , vol.40 , pp. 81-85
    • Jackson, G.1
  • 124
    • 0002260533 scopus 로고
    • Where do we stand on maximum entropy?
    • (Rosenkrantz RD), Reidel Publishing, Dordrecht
    • Jaynes ET 1983 Where do we stand on maximum entropy? In Papers on Probability, Statistics and Statistical Physics (ed. Rosenkrantz RD), pp. 211-314. Reidel Publishing, Dordrecht.
    • (1983) Papers on Probability, Statistics and Statistical Physics , pp. 211-314
    • Jaynes, E.T.1
  • 126
    • 0004155291 scopus 로고
    • 2nd edn. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill
    • Jeffrey RC 1983 The Logic of Decision, 2nd edn. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.
    • (1983) The Logic of Decision
    • Jeffrey, R.C.1
  • 131
    • 0035404189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lies, damned lies, and DNA statistics: DNA match testing, Bayes' theorem, and the criminal courts
    • Jowett C 2001a Lies, damned lies, and DNA statistics: DNA match testing, Bayes' theorem, and the criminal courts. Medicine, Science & Law 41, 194-205.
    • (2001) Medicine, Science & Law , vol.41 , pp. 194-205
    • Jowett, C.1
  • 135
    • 0020918216 scopus 로고
    • A computational model for combined causal and diagnostic reasoning in inference systems
    • Karlsruhe
    • Kim JH and Pearl J 1983 A computational model for combined causal and diagnostic reasoning in inference systems. Proceedings of IJCAI-83, pp. 190-193, Karlsruhe.
    • (1983) Proceedings of IJCAI-83 , pp. 190-193
    • Kim, J.H.1    Pearl, J.2
  • 136
    • 0027965610 scopus 로고
    • Crime investigation and the criminal trial: a three chapter paradigm of evidence
    • Kind SS 1994 Crime investigation and the criminal trial: a three chapter paradigm of evidence. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 35, 155-164.
    • (1994) Journal of the Forensic Science Society , vol.35 , pp. 155-164
    • Kind, S.S.1
  • 138
    • 0003272309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making sensitivity analysis computationally efficient
    • eds. Boutilier C and Goldszmidt M, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA, Quebec
    • Kjærulff U and Van der Gaag LC 2000 Making sensitivity analysis computationally efficient In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (eds. Boutilier C and Goldszmidt M), pp. 362-367. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA, Quebec.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence , pp. 362-367
    • Kjærulff, U.1    Van der Gaag, L.C.2
  • 142
    • 0037021592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bounding the number of contributors to mixed DNA stains
    • Lauritzen SL and Mortera J 2002 Bounding the number of contributors to mixed DNA stains. Forensic Science International 130, 125-126.
    • (2002) Forensic Science International , vol.130 , pp. 125-126
    • Lauritzen, S.L.1    Mortera, J.2
  • 143
    • 0001006209 scopus 로고
    • Local computations with probabilities on graphical structures and their application to expert systems
    • Lauritzen SL and Spiegelhalter DJ 1988 Local computations with probabilities on graphical structures and their application to expert systems. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 50(2), 157-224.
    • (1988) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-224
    • Lauritzen, S.L.1    Spiegelhalter, D.J.2
  • 145
    • 0036940999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis for estimating heterogenity of korean population in dna typing using STR loci
    • Lee JW, Lee HS and Hwang JJ 2002 Statistical analysis for estimating heterogenity of korean population in dna typing using STR loci. International Journal of Legal Medicine 116, 153-160.
    • (2002) International Journal of Legal Medicine , vol.116 , pp. 153-160
    • Lee, J.W.1    Lee, H.S.2    Hwang, J.J.3
  • 147
    • 0020250336 scopus 로고
    • Efficient minimum information updating for Bayesian inferencing in expert systems
    • Pittsburgh, PA
    • Lemmer JF and Barth SW 1982 Efficient minimum information updating for Bayesian inferencing in expert systems. Proceedings of the 2nd American National Conference on AI, pp. 424-427, Pittsburgh, PA.
    • (1982) Proceedings of the 2nd American National Conference on AI , pp. 424-427
    • Lemmer, J.F.1    Barth, S.W.2
  • 148
  • 149
    • 33748801604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational inference for evidential reasoning in support of judicial proof
    • Levitt TS and Blackmond Laskey K 2001 Computational inference for evidential reasoning in support of judicial proof. Cardozo Law Review 22, 1691-1731.
    • (2001) Cardozo Law Review , vol.22 , pp. 1691-1731
    • Levitt, T.S.1    Blackmond Laskey, K.2
  • 150
    • 0008449407 scopus 로고
    • Methods for the determination of shooting distance
    • Lichtenberg W 1990 Methods for the determination of shooting distance. Forensic Science Review 2, 37-62.
    • (1990) Forensic Science Review , vol.2 , pp. 37-62
    • Lichtenberg, W.1
  • 152
    • 0004266587 scopus 로고
    • 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
    • Lindley DV 1985 Making Decisions, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
    • (1985) Making Decisions
    • Lindley, D.V.1
  • 153
    • 0002047204 scopus 로고
    • Probability
    • (Aitken CGG and Stoney DA), Ellis Horwood, New York
    • Lindley DV 1991 Probability In The Use of Statistics in Forensic Science (eds. Aitken CGG and Stoney DA), pp. 27-50. Ellis Horwood, New York.
    • (1991) The Use of Statistics in Forensic Science , pp. 27-50
    • Lindley, D.V.1
  • 158
    • 0033188793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lazy propagation: a junction tree inference algorithm based on lazy evaluation
    • Madsen AL and Jensen FV 1999 Lazy propagation: a junction tree inference algorithm based on lazy evaluation. Artificial Intelligence 113, 203-245.
    • (1999) Artificial Intelligence , vol.113 , pp. 203-245
    • Madsen, A.L.1    Jensen, F.V.2
  • 161
    • 0344845679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of DNA mixtures using probabilistic expert systems
    • eds. Green PL, Hjort NL and Richardson S). Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Mortera J 2003 Analysis of DNA mixtures using probabilistic expert systems In Highly Structured Stochastic Systems (eds. Green PL, Hjort NL and Richardson S). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (2003) Highly Structured Stochastic Systems
    • Mortera, J.1
  • 164
    • 0003849297 scopus 로고
    • National Academy Press, Washington, DC
    • National Research Council 1992 DNA Technology in Forensic Science. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
    • (1992) DNA Technology in Forensic Science
  • 166
    • 0030980135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firearms and toolmark identification criteria: a review of the literature
    • Nichols RG 1997 Firearms and toolmark identification criteria: a review of the literature. Journal of Forensic Sciences 42(3), 466-474.
    • (1997) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 466-474
    • Nichols, R.G.1
  • 167
    • 0037344568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firearms and toolmark identification criteria: a review of the literature, Part II
    • Nichols RG 2003 Firearms and toolmark identification criteria: a review of the literature, Part II. Journal of Forensic Sciences 48(2), 318-327.
    • (2003) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 318-327
    • Nichols, R.G.1
  • 170
    • 33044485645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graphs, structural models, and causality
    • (Glymour C and Cooper GF), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Pearl J 1999 Graphs, structural models, and causality In Computation, Causation, and Discovery (eds. Glymour C and Cooper GF), pp. 95-138. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1999) Computation, Causation, and Discovery , pp. 95-138
    • Pearl, J.1
  • 172
    • 0013058653 scopus 로고
    • The logic of representing dependencies by directed graphs
    • AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA
    • Pearl J and Verma T 1987 The logic of representing dependencies by directed graphs Proceedings of the National Conference on AI (AAAI-87), pp. 374-379. AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA.
    • (1987) Proceedings of the National Conference on AI (AAAI-87) , pp. 374-379
    • Pearl, J.1    Verma, T.2
  • 173
  • 175
    • 0001776741 scopus 로고
    • Truth and probability
    • (Braithwaite RB), Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Reprinted in Studies in Subjective Probability (1980) 2nd edn, (eds. Kyburg HE and Smokler HE), Dover Publications, New York 61-92
    • Ramsey FP 1931 Truth and probability In The Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays (ed. Braithwaite RB), pp. 156-198. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Reprinted in Studies in Subjective Probability (1980) 2nd edn, (eds. Kyburg HE and Smokler HE), pp. 61-92. Dover Publications, New York .
    • (1931) The Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays , pp. 156-198
    • Ramsey, F.P.1
  • 176
    • 0042839764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case based reasoning in criminal intelligence using forensic case data
    • Ribaux O and Margot P 2003 Case based reasoning in criminal intelligence using forensic case data. Science & Justice 43(3), 135-143.
    • (2003) Science & Justice , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 135-143
    • Ribaux, O.1    Margot, P.2
  • 179
    • 33947388440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range
    • eds. Siegel JH, Saukko PJ and Knupfer GC, Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Rowe WF 2000 Range In Encyclopedia of Forensic Science (eds. Siegel JH, Saukko PJ and Knupfer GC), vol. 2 pp. 949-953. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (2000) Encyclopedia of Forensic Science , vol.2 , pp. 949-953
    • Rowe, W.F.1
  • 180
    • 0038812637 scopus 로고
    • Rationality and objectivity in science or Tom Kuhn meets Tom Bayes
    • (Savage CW), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN
    • Salmon WC 1990 Rationality and objectivity in science or Tom Kuhn meets Tom Bayes In Scientific Theories, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science (ed. Savage CW), vol. 14, pp. 175-204. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
    • (1990) Scientific Theories, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science , vol.14 , pp. 175-204
    • Salmon, W.C.1
  • 182
    • 0041824455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific explanation
    • (Salmon MH, Earman J, Glymour C, Lennox JG, Machamer P, McGuire JE, Norton JD, Salmon WC and Schaffner KF), 2nd edn, Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis, IN
    • Salmon WC 1999 Scientific explanation In Introduction to the Philosophy of Science (eds. Salmon MH, Earman J, Glymour C, Lennox JG, Machamer P, McGuire JE, Norton JD, Salmon WC and Schaffner KF), 2nd edn, pp. 7-41. Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis, IN.
    • (1999) Introduction to the Philosophy of Science , pp. 7-41
    • Salmon, W.C.1
  • 186
    • 0039437077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to causal inference
    • (McKim VR and Turner S), University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame
    • Scheines R 1997 An introduction to causal inference In Causality in Crisis? (eds. McKim VR and Turner S), pp. 185-199. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame.
    • (1997) Causality in Crisis? , pp. 185-199
    • Scheines, R.1
  • 190
    • 85012737234 scopus 로고
    • Axioms for probability and belief-function propagation
    • eds. Shachter RD, Levitt TS, Kanal LN and Lemmer JF, North Holland, Amsterdam
    • Shenoy PP and Shafer G 1990 Axioms for probability and belief-function propagation In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Proceedings of the Fifth Conference (eds. Shachter RD, Levitt TS, Kanal LN and Lemmer JF), pp. 169-198. North Holland, Amsterdam.
    • (1990) Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Proceedings of the Fifth Conference , pp. 169-198
    • Shenoy, P.P.1    Shafer, G.2
  • 191
    • 31844438751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y-chromosome: genetics, analysis, and application in forensic science
    • Sinha SK 2003 Y-chromosome: genetics, analysis, and application in forensic science. Forensic Science Review 15(2), 77-201.
    • (2003) Forensic Science Review , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-201
    • Sinha, S.K.1
  • 192
    • 0032893492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the consequences of DNA profile mismatches for close relatives of an excluded suspect
    • Sjerps M and Kloosterman AD 1999 On the consequences of DNA profile mismatches for close relatives of an excluded suspect. International Journal of Legal Medicine 112, 176-180.
    • (1999) International Journal of Legal Medicine , vol.112 , pp. 176-180
    • Sjerps, M.1    Kloosterman, A.D.2
  • 196
    • 0343969343 scopus 로고
    • Transfer evidence
    • eds. Aitken CGG and Stoney DA, Ellis Horwood, New York
    • Stoney DA 1991 Transfer evidence In The Use of Statistics in Forensic Science (eds. Aitken CGG and Stoney DA), pp. 107-138. Ellis Horwood, New York.
    • (1991) The Use of Statistics in Forensic Science , pp. 107-138
    • Stoney, D.A.1
  • 197
    • 0028261741 scopus 로고
    • Relaxation of the assumption of relevance and an application to one-trace and two-trace problems
    • Stoney DA 1994 Relaxation of the assumption of relevance and an application to one-trace and two-trace problems. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 34(1), 17-21.
    • (1994) Journal of the Forensic Science Society , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-21
    • Stoney, D.A.1
  • 198
    • 0004910433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilités et preuve par ADN dans les affaires civiles et criminelles. Questions de la cour et réponses fallacieuses des experts
    • Taroni F and Aitken CGG 1998 Probabilités et preuve par ADN dans les affaires civiles et criminelles. Questions de la cour et réponses fallacieuses des experts. Revue Pénale Suisse 116, 291-313.
    • (1998) Revue Pénale Suisse , vol.116 , pp. 291-313
    • Taroni, F.1    Aitken, C.G.G.2
  • 199
    • 0034890604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De Finetti's subjectivism, the assessment of probabilities and the evaluation of evidence: a commentary for forensic scientists
    • Taroni F, Aitken CGG and Garbolino P 2001 De Finetti's subjectivism, the assessment of probabilities and the evaluation of evidence: a commentary for forensic scientists. Science & Justice 41, 145-150.
    • (2001) Science & Justice , vol.41 , pp. 145-150
    • Taroni, F.1    Aitken, C.G.G.2    Garbolino, P.3
  • 200
    • 33644842662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inadequacies of posterior probabilities for the assessment of scientific evidence
    • Taroni F and Biedermann A 2005 Inadequacies of posterior probabilities for the assessment of scientific evidence. Law, Probability and Risk 4, 89-114.
    • (2005) Law, Probability and Risk , vol.4 , pp. 89-114
    • Taroni, F.1    Biedermann, A.2
  • 203
    • 84947319141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two items of evidence, no putative source: an inference problem in forensic intelligence
    • Accepted for publication
    • Taroni F, Bozza S and Biedermann A 2005b Two items of evidence, no putative source: an inference problem in forensic intelligence. Journal of Forensic Sciences. Accepted for publication.
    • (2005) Journal of Forensic Sciences
    • Taroni, F.1    Bozza, S.2    Biedermann, A.3
  • 204
    • 0000026736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forerunners of Bayesianism in early forensic science
    • Taroni F, Champod C and Margot P 1998 Forerunners of Bayesianism in early forensic science. Jurimetrics Journal 38, 183-200.
    • (1998) Jurimetrics Journal , vol.38 , pp. 183-200
    • Taroni, F.1    Champod, C.2    Margot, P.3
  • 206
    • 0037407256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why wasn't O.J. convicted? emotional coherence and legal inference
    • Thagart P 2003 Why wasn't O.J. convicted? emotional coherence and legal inference. Cognition and Emotion 17, 361-383.
    • (2003) Cognition and Emotion , vol.17 , pp. 361-383
    • Thagart, P.1
  • 207
    • 0029186514 scopus 로고
    • Subjective interpretation, laboratory error and the value of DNA evidence: three case studies
    • Thompson WC 1995 Subjective interpretation, laboratory error and the value of DNA evidence: three case studies. Genetica 96, 153-168.
    • (1995) Genetica , vol.96 , pp. 153-168
    • Thompson, W.C.1
  • 208
    • 0002546337 scopus 로고
    • The meaning of a match: sources of ambiguity in the interpretation of DNA prints
    • (Farley M and Harrington J), CRC Press, New York
    • Thompson WC and Ford S 1991 The meaning of a match: sources of ambiguity in the interpretation of DNA prints In Forensic DNA Technology (eds. Farley M and Harrington J), pp. 93-152. CRC Press, New York.
    • (1991) Forensic DNA Technology , pp. 93-152
    • Thompson, W.C.1    Ford, S.2
  • 209
    • 0037227664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How the probability of a false positive affects the value of DNA evidence
    • Thompson WC, Taroni F and Aitken CGG 2003 How the probability of a false positive affects the value of DNA evidence. Journal of Forensic Sciences 48, 47-54.
    • (2003) Journal of Forensic Sciences , vol.48 , pp. 47-54
    • Thompson, W.C.1    Taroni, F.2    Aitken, C.G.G.3
  • 210
    • 0001007360 scopus 로고
    • Consistent inference of probabilities for reproducible experiments
    • Tikochinsky Y, Tishby NZ and Levine RD 1984 Consistent inference of probabilities for reproducible experiments. Physical Review Letters 52, 1357-1360.
    • (1984) Physical Review Letters , vol.52 , pp. 1357-1360
    • Tikochinsky, Y.1    Tishby, N.Z.2    Levine, R.D.3
  • 211
    • 0346597039 scopus 로고
    • A demonstration of Jeffrey conditionalization rule
    • van Fraassen BC 1986 A demonstration of Jeffrey conditionalization rule. Erkenntnis 24, 17-24.
    • (1986) Erkenntnis , vol.24 , pp. 17-24
    • van Fraassen, B.C.1
  • 215
    • 84865862240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis
    • (Siegel JA, Saukko PJ and Knupfer GC), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Weir BS 2000 Statistical analysis In Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences (eds. Siegel JA, Saukko PJ and Knupfer GC), pp. 86-97. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (2000) Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences , pp. 86-97
    • Weir, B.S.1
  • 216
    • 0002934912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forensics
    • (Balding DJ, BishopM and Cannings C), John Wiley &Sons, Chichester
    • Weir BS 2001 Forensics In Handbook of Statistical Genetics (eds. Balding DJ, BishopM and Cannings C), pp. 721-739. John Wiley &Sons, Chichester.
    • (2001) Handbook of Statistical Genetics , pp. 721-739
    • Weir, B.S.1
  • 217
    • 0025471633 scopus 로고
    • Fundamental concepts of qualitative probabilistic networks
    • Wellman MP 1990a Fundamental concepts of qualitative probabilistic networks. Artificial Intelligence 44(3), 257-303.
    • (1990) Artificial Intelligence , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-303
    • Wellman, M.P.1
  • 218
    • 0039492015 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative probabilistic networks for planning under uncertainty
    • (Shafer G and Pearl J), Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Meteo, CA
    • Wellman MP 1990b Qualitative probabilistic networks for planning under uncertainty In Readings in Uncertain Reasoning (eds. Shafer G and Pearl J), pp. 711-722. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Meteo, CA.
    • (1990) Readings in Uncertain Reasoning , pp. 711-722
    • Wellman, M.P.1
  • 221
    • 0003405287 scopus 로고
    • The problem of proof
    • Wigmore JH 1913 The problem of proof. Illinois Law Review 8(2), 77-103.
    • (1913) Illinois Law Review , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-103
    • Wigmore, J.H.1
  • 223
    • 0000836049 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian conditionalisation and the principle of Minimum information
    • Williams PM 1980 Bayesian conditionalisation and the principle of Minimum information. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 31, 131-144.
    • (1980) British Journal for the Philosophy of Science , vol.31 , pp. 131-144
    • Williams, P.M.1
  • 225
    • 0001507896 scopus 로고
    • Coefficients of inbreeding and relationship
    • Wright S 1922 Coefficients of inbreeding and relationship. American Naturalist 56, 330-338.
    • (1922) American Naturalist , vol.56 , pp. 330-338
    • Wright, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.