Follow your heart or your head? A longitudinal study of the facilitating role of calling and ability in the pursuit of a challenging career

Journal of Applied Psychology

Volumn 100, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 695-712

  Riza, Shoshana Dobrow ^a   Heller, Daniel ^b  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Ability; Calling; Careers; Longitudinal; Musicians

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; APTITUDE; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; PHYSIOLOGY; SELF CONCEPT; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; APTITUDE; CAREER CHOICE; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; SELF CONCEPT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84946155715     PISSN: 00219010     EISSN: 19391854     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0038011     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Ackerman, P. L., Beier, M. E., & Bowen, K. R. (2002). What we really know about our abilities and our knowledge. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 587-605. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00174-X
2. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
3. Amabile, T. M., Hill, K. G., Hennessey, B. A., & Tighe, E. M. (1994). The Work Preference Inventory: Assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 950-967. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.950
4. Anand, N., & Watson, M. R. (2004). Tournament rituals in the evolution of fields: The case of the Grammy Awards. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 59-80. doi:10.2307/20159560
5. Ariely, D., Kamenicab, E., & Prelec, D. (2008). Man's search for meaning:The case of Legos. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 67, 671-677. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2008.01.004
6. Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471-499. doi:10.1348/014466601164939
7. Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (1996). Introduction: The boundaryless career as a new employment principle. In M. B. Arthur & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), The boundaryless career: A new employment principle for a new organizational era (pp. 3-20). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
8. Ashford, S. J. (1989). Self-assessments in organizations: A literature review and integrative model. Research in Organizational Behavior, 11, 133-174.
9. Bamberger, P. A., & Pratt, M. G. (2010). Moving forward by looking back:Reclaiming unconventional research contexts and samples in organizational scholarship. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 665-671. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2010.52814357
10. Barley, S. R. (1989). Careers, identities, and institutions: The legacy of the Chicago School of Sociology. In M. B. Arthur, D. T. Hall, & B. S. Lawrence (Eds.), Handbook of career theory (pp. 41-65). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511625459 .005
11. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
12. Bazerman, M. H. (1998). Judgment in managerial decision making (4th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
13. Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S. M. (1985). Habits of the heart. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
14. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
15. Berg, J. M., Grant, A. M., & Johnson, V. (2010). When callings are calling:Crafting work and leisure in pursuit of unanswered occupational callings. Organization Science, 21, 973-994. doi:10.1287/orsc.1090.0497
16. Betz, N. E., & Rottinghaus, P. J. (2006). Current research on parallel measures of interests and confidence for basic dimensions of vocational activity. Journal of Career Assessment, 14, 56-76. doi:10.1177/1069072705281348
17. Braun, E. M. P., Sheikh, H., & Hannover, B. (2011). Self-rated competences and future vocational success: A longitudinal study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 36, 417-427. doi:10.1080/02602938.2010.534762
18. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods and Research, 21, 230-258. doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005
19. Bunderson, J. S., & Thompson, J. A. (2009). The call of the wild:Zookeepers, callings, and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54, 32-57. doi:10.2189/asqu .2009.54.1.32
20. Campbell, D. (2002). The history and development of the Campbell Interest and Skill Survey. Journal of Career Assessment, 10, 150-168. doi:10.1177/1069072702010002002
21. Cardador, M. T., & Caza, B. B. (2012). Relational and identity perspectives on healthy versus unhealthy pursuit of callings. Journal of Career Assessment, 20, 338-353. doi:10.1177/1069072711436162
22. Chapman, G. B., & McCauley, C. (1993). Early career achievements of National Science Foundation (NSF) graduate applicants: Looking for Pygmalion and Galatea effects on NSF winners. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 815-820. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.5.815
23. Dik, B. J., & Duffy, R. D. (2009). Calling and vocation at work: Definitions and prospects for research and practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 424-450. doi:10.1177/0011000008316430
24. Dobrow, S. R. (2013). Dynamics of calling: A longitudinal study of musicians. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34, 431-452. doi:10.1002/job.1808
25. Dobrow, S. R., & Tosti-Kharas, J. (2011). Calling: The development of a scale measure. Personnel Psychology, 64, 1001-1049. doi:10.1111/j .1744-6570.2011.01234.x
26. Dobrow, S. R., & Tosti-Kharas, J. (2012). Listen to your heart? Calling and receptivity to career advice. Journal of Career Assessment, 20, 264-280. doi:10.1177/1069072711434412
27. Drake, R. M. (1954). Drake Musical Aptitude Tests. Chicago, IL: Science Research Associates.
28. Duffy, R. D., Allan, B. A., & Dik, B. J. (2011). The presence of a calling and academic satisfaction: Examining potential mediators. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 74-80. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.11.001
29. Duffy, R. D., Bott, E. M., Allan, B. A., Torrey, C. L., & Dik, B. J. (2012). Perceiving a calling, living a calling, and job satisfaction: Testing a moderated, multiple mediator model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 50-59. doi:10.1037/a0026129
30. Duffy, R. D., Manuel, R. S., Borges, N. J., & Bott, E. M. (2011). Calling, vocational development, and well being: A longitudinal study of medical students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 361-366. doi:10.1016/j .jvb.2011.03.023
31. Duffy, R. D., & Sedlacek, W. E. (2007). The presence of and search for a calling: Connections to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70, 590-601. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2007.03.007
32. Duffy, R. D., & Sedlacek, W. E. (2010). The salience of a career calling among college students: Exploring group differences and links to religiousness, life meaning, and life satisfaction. Career Development Quarterly, 59, 27-41. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2010.tb00128.x
33. Dunning, D. (2005). Self-insight: Roadblocks and detours on the path to knowing thyself. New York, NY: Psychology Press. doi:10.4324/9780203337998
34. Ehrlinger, J., Johnson, K., Banner, M., Dunning, D., & Kruger, J. (2008). Why the unskilled are unaware: Further explorations of (absent) selfinsight among the incompetent. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105, 98-121. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.05.002
35. Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14, 532-550.
36. Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Romer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363-406. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363
37. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior:An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
38. Frank, R. H., & Cook, P. J. (1995). The winner-take-all society: Why the few at the top get so much more than the rest of us. New York, NY:Penguin Books.
39. Ginsburgh, V. A., & Ours, J. C. v. (2003). Expert opinion and compensation:Evidence from a musical competition. American Economic Review, 93, 289-296. doi:10.1257/000282803321455296
40. Ginzberg, E. (1951). Occupational choice: An approach to a general theory. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
41. Green, A. (2013). Why you shouldn't follow your passion. US News & World Report. Retrieved from http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices-careers/2013/04/17/why-you-shouldnt-follow-yourpassion
42. Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250-279. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
43. Hadar, L., Sood, S., & Fox, C. R. (2013). Subjective knowledge in consumer financial decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 50, 303-316. doi:10.1509/jmr.10.0518
44. Hall, D. T. (1976). Careers in organizations. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
45. Hall, D. T. (2002). Careers in and out of organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
46. Hall, D. T., & Chandler, D. E. (2005). Psychological success: When the career is a calling. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 155-176. doi:10.1002/job.301
47. Heller, D., Watson, D., & Ilies, R. (2004). The role of person versus situation in life satisfaction: A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 574-600. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574
48. Helmbold, N., Rammsayer, T., & Altenmüller, E. (2005). Differences in primary mental abilities between musicians and nonmusicians. Journal of Individual Differences, 26, 74-85. doi:10.1027/1614-0001.26.2.74
49. Heslin, P. A. (2005). Conceptualizing and evaluating career success. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 113-136. doi:10.1002/job.270
50. Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
51. Holmström, B. (1999). Managerial incentive problems: A dynamic perspective. Review of Economic Studies, 66, 169-182. doi:10.1111/1467-937X.00083
52. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
53. Hughes, E. C. (1937). Institutional office and the person. American Journal of Sociology, 43, 404-413. doi:10.1086/217711
54. Hunter, I., Dik, B. J., & Banning, J. H. (2010). College students' perceptions of calling in work and life: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76, 178-186. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.10.008
55. Ibarra, H. (1999). Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 764-791. doi:10.2307/2667055
56. Jobs, S. (2005). You've got to find what you love [Stanford University commencement address]. Retrieved from http://news.stanford.edu/news/2005/june15/jobs-061505.html
57. Judge, T. A., Cable, D. M., Boudreau, J. W., & Bretz, R. D., Jr., (1995). An empirical investigation of the predictors of executive career success. Personnel Psychology, 48, 485-519. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995 .tb01767.x
58. Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341-349. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.67 .3.341
59. Kemp, A. E. (1996). The musical temperament: Psychology and personality of musicians. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523628.001.0001
60. Kreiner, G. E., Hollensbe, E. C., & Sheep, M. L. (2006). Where is the "me" among the "we"? Identity work and the search for optimal balance. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 1031-1057. doi:10.5465/AMJ .2006.22798186
61. Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1121-1134. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121
62. Larrick, J. S., Burson, K. A., & Soll, J. B. (2007). Social comparison and confidence: When thinking you're better than average predicts overconfidence (and when it does not). Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102, 76-94. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.10.002
63. Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 79-122. doi:10.1006/jvbe .1994.1027
64. Levinson, D. J., Darrow, C. N., Klein, E. B., Levinson, M. H., & McKee, B. (1978). The seasons of a man's life. New York, NY: Knopf.
65. London, M. (1983). Toward a theory of career motivation. Academy of Management Review, 8, 620-630.
66. MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 593-614. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542
67. McCormick, L. (2009). Higher, faster, louder: Representations of the international music competition. Cultural Sociology, 3, 5-30. doi:10.1177/1749975508100669
68. Musical America. (2012). Competitions: An in-depth look. Special Reports. Retrieved from http://www.musicalamerica.com/specialreports/SPECIAL_COMPS_2012.pdf
69. National Endowment for the Arts. (2004). Artist employment in 2003. Retrieved from http://www.arts.gov/pub/ResearchNotes_chrono.html
70. Ng, T. W. H., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L., & Feldman, D. C. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58, 367-408. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005 .00515.x
71. Peterson, C., Park, N., Hall, N., & Seligman, M. (2009). Zest and work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 161-172. doi:10.1002/job.584
72. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
73. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 717-731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553
74. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3 .879
75. Rosen, S. (1981). The economics of superstars. American Economic Review, 71, 845-858.
76. Saks, R. E., & Shore, S. H. (2005). Risk and career choice. Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, 5, 1-45.
77. Salamon, S. D., & Robinson, S. L. (2008). Trust that binds: The impact of collective felt trust on organizational performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 593-601. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.593
78. Sedikides, C., & Green, J. D. (2000). On the self-protective nature of inconsistency-negativity management: Using the person memory paradigm to examine self-referent memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 906-922. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.906
79. Sedikides, C., & Gregg, A. P. (2008). Self-enhancement: Food for thought. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 102-116. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00068.x
80. Shepard, S. J. (2010). The impact of recognition on talent award winners:A follow-up study of Davidson Fellows Scholarship winners (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
81. Shingles, R. (1985). Causal inference in cross-lagged panel analysis. In H. M. Blalock (Ed.), Causal models in panel and experimental design (pp. 219-250). New York, NY: Aldine.
82. Simmons, J., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22, 1359-1366. doi:10.1177/0956797611417632
83. Smith, B. R. (2004). Five judges' evaluation of audiotaped string performance in international competition. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 160, 61-69.
84. Strategic National Arts Alumni Project. (2011). 2001 SNAAP questionnaire. Retrieved from http://snaap.iub.edu/pdf/SNAAP_2011_Survey_ for_Distribution.pdf
85. Strategic National Arts Alumni Project. (2012). Snaapshot 2011. Retrieved from http://snaap.indiana.edu/snaapshot/#work
86. Throsby, D., & Zednik, A. (2011). Multiple job-holding and artistic careers:Some empirical evidence. Cultural Trends, 20, 9-24. doi:10.1080/09548963.2011.540809
87. Twenge, J. M., Campbell, S. M., Hoffman, B. J., & Lance, C. E. (2010). Generational differences in work values: Leisure and extrinsic values increasing, social and intrinsic values decreasing. Journal of Management, 36, 1117-1142. doi:10.1177/0149206309352246
88. U.S. Department of Labor. (2014-15). Occupational outlook handbook:Musicians and singers. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/entertainment-and-sports/musicians-and-singers.htm
89. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York, NY: Wiley.
90. Vroom, V. H. (1966). Organizational choice: A study of pre-and postdecision processes. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1, 212-225. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(66)90013-4
91. Wakin, D. J. (2004, December 12). The Juilliard effect: Ten years later. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/12/arts/music/12waki.html?pagewanted_all&_r_0
92. Wanous, J. P. (1992). Organizational entry: Recruitment, selection, and socialization of newcomers (2nd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
93. Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C. R., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 21-33. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1997.2162