COHORT EFFECTS OF SUICIDE MORTALITY ARE SEX SPECIFIC IN THE RAPIDLY DEVELOPED HONG KONG CHINESE POPULATION, 1976–2010

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 558-566

  Chung, Roger Y ^a   Yip, Benjamin H K ^a   Chan, Sandra S M ^b   Wong, Samuel Y S ^a  

^a Prince of Wales Hospital   (Hong Kong)

^b CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

age period cohort analysis; cohort effects; gender differences; Hong Kong; social environment; suicide

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHINESE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; ICD-8; MALE; MORTALITY RATE; POPULATION RESEARCH; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SUICIDE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HONG KONG; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TRENDS; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HONG KONG; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; SUICIDE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84945946795     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: 15206394     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.22431     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Hawton K, van Heeringen K. Suicide. Lancet 2009;373:1372–1381.
2. Odagiri Y, Uchida H, Nakano M. Gender differences in age, period, and birth-cohort effects on the suicide mortality rate in Japan, 1985–2006. Asia Pac J Public Health 2011;23(4):581–587.
3. Wasserman D, Cheng QI, Jiang G-X. Global suicide rates among young people aged 15–19. World Psychiatry 2005;4(2):114–120.
4. Pomfret J. Foxconn Worker Plunges to Death at China Plant: Report. Reuters: Technology [newspaper on the Internet]. 2010 Nov 5 [cited 2015 Jun 3]. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/.
5. The University of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention. Hong Kong: HKU; 2015 [cited 2015 Jun 3]. Available from: http://csrp.hku.hk/statistics/.
6. Yip PS, Chak SG. Suicide in Hong Kong: epidemiology, changing patterns, associated phenomena and prevention. Irish Psychiatrist 2011;12(1):23–24.
7. Chung RY, Schooling CM, Cowling BJ, Leung GM. How does socioeconomic development affect risk of mortality? An age-period-cohort analysis from a recently transitioned population in China. Am J Epidemiol 2010;171(3):345–356.
8. Ahmad OB B-PC, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R, Inoue M Age Standardization of Rates: A New WHO Standard. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.
9. Mason W, Smith H. Age-period-cohort analysis and the study of deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis. In: Mason W, Fienberg S, editors. Cohort Analysis in Social Research. New York: Springer; 1985: 151–227.
10. Collins JJ. The contribution of medical measures to the decline of mortality from respiratory tuberculosis: an age-period-cohort model. Demography 1982;19(3):409–427.
11. Bell A, Jones K. The impossibility of separating age, period and cohort effects. Soc Sci Med 2013;93:163–165.
12. Chia KS, Reilly M, Tan CS, et al. Profound changes in breast cancer incidence may reflect changes into a Westernized lifestyle: a comparative population-based study in Singapore and Sweden. Int J Cancer 2005;113(2):302–306.
13. Holford TR. Understanding the effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence and mortality rates. Annu Rev Public Health 1991;12:425–457.
14. Chung RY, Kim JH, Yip BH, et al. Alcohol tax policy and related mortality. An age-period-cohort analysis of a rapidly developed Chinese population, 1981–2010. PLoS One 2014;9(8):e99906.
15. Chiu HF, Yip PS, Chi I, et al. Elderly suicide in Hong Kong–a case-controlled psychological autopsy study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004;109(4):299–305.
16. Clayton D, Schifflers E. Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age-period-cohort models. Stat Med 1987;6(4):469–481.
17. Phillips MR, Li X, Zhang Y. Suicide rates in China, 1995–99. Lancet 2002;359(9309):835–840.
18. Tse GM, Lee JC. A 12-month review of autopsies performed at a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2000;6(2):190–194.
19. Murphy GE, Wetzel RD. Suicide risk by birth cohort in the United States, 1949 to 1974. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;37(5):519–523.
20. Gunnell D, Middleton N, Whitley E, et al. Influence of cohort effects on patterns of suicide in England and Wales, 1950–1999. Br J Psychiatry 2003;182:164–170.
21. Solomon MI, Hellon CP. Suicide and age in Alberta, Canada, 1951 to 1977. A cohort analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;37(5):511–513.
22. La Vecchia C, Bollini P, Imazio C, Decarli A. Age, period of death and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality in Italy, 1955–1979. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1986;74(2):137–143.
23. Page A, Milner A, Morrell S, Taylor R. The role of under-employment and unemployment in recent birth cohort effects in Australian suicide. Soc Sci Med 2013;93:155–162.
24. Skegg K, Cox B. Suicide in New Zealand 1957–1986: the influence of age, period and birth-cohort. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1991;25(2):181–190.
25. Granizo JJ, Guallar E, Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Age-period-cohort analysis of suicide mortality rates in Spain, 1959–1991. Int J Epidemiol 1996;25(4):814–820.
26. Allebeck P, Brandt L, Nordstrom P, Asgard U. Are suicide trends among the young reversing? Age, period and cohort analyses of suicide rates in Sweden. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996;93(1):43–48.
27. Moens GF, van Oortmarssen GJ, Honggokoesoemo S, van de Voorde H. Birth cohort analysis of suicide mortality in Belgium 1954–1981 by a graphic and a quantitative method. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987;76(4):450–455.
28. Bille-Brahe U, Jessen G. The frequency of suicide in individual Danish birth cohorts, 1922–1991. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1994;24(3):275–281.
29. Frederick CJ. Current trends in suicidal behavior in the United States. Am J Psychother 1978;32(2):172–200.
30. Maris R. Biology of Suicide. New York: Guilford; 1986.
31. Roy A. Suicide. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1986.
32. Agid O, Shapira B, Zislin J, et al. Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness: a case control study of early parental loss in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 1999;4(2):163–172.
33. Whitlock FA. Suicide in Brisbane, 1956 to 1973: the drug-death epidemic. Med J Aust 1975;1(24):737–743.
34. Christophersen O, Rooney C, Kelly S. Drug-related mortality: methods and trends. Popul Trends 1998;(93):29–37.
35. Johns MW. Self-poisoning with barbiturates in England and Wales during 1959–74. Br Med J 1977;1(6069):1128–1130.
36. Fowler RC, Rich CL, Young D. San Diego Suicide Study. II. Substance abuse in young cases. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43(10):962–965.
37. Allebeck P, Allgulander C. Suicide among young men: psychiatric illness, deviant behaviour and substance abuse. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990;81(6):565–70.
38. Andreasson S, Romelsjo A, Allebeck P. Alcohol, social factors and mortality among young men. Br J Addict 1991;86(7):877–887.
39. Marks A, Abernathy T. Toward a sociocultural perspective on means of self-destruction. Life Threat Behav 1974;4(1):3–16.
40. Monk M. Epidemiology of suicide. Epidemiol Rev 1987;9:51–59.
41. Shaffer D, Gould MS, Fisher P, et al. Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53(4):339–348.
42. Marttunen MJ, Aro HM, Lonnqvist JK. Adolescence and suicide: A review of psychological autopsy studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993;2(1):10–8.
43. Mulsant BH, Ganguli M. Epidemiology and diagnosis of depression in late life. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60 (Suppl 20):9–15.
44. Paradiso S, Robinson RG. Gender differences in poststroke depression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;10(1):41–47.
45. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz M, et al. Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. J Affect Disord 1993;29(2–3):85–96.
46. Lavretsky H, Lesser IM, Wohl M, Miller BL. Relationship of age, age at onset, and sex to depression in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998;6(3):248–256.
47. Chan WS, Yip PS, Wong PW, Chen EY. Suicide and unemployment: what are the missing links? Arch Suicide Res 2007;11(4):327–335.
48. Platt B, Hawton K, Simkin S, Mellanby RJ. Suicidal behaviour and psychosocial problems in veterinary surgeons: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012;47(2):223–240.
49. Bartley M. Health Inequality. An Introduction to Theories, Concepts and Methods. Cambridge: Polity Press; 2004.
50. Waldron I. Trends in gender differences in mortality: relationships to changing gender differences in behavior and other causal factors. In: Hunt AK, editor. Gender Inequalities in Health. Buckingham: Open University Press; 2005.
51. Census and Statistics Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Hong Kong Statistics. Hong Kong: Government Logistics Department; 2010 [updated 2012 Jun 15; cited 2015 Jun 3]. Available from: http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/.
52. Oyama H, Watanabe N, Ono Y, et al. Community-based suicide prevention through group activity for the elderly successfully reduced the high suicide rate for females. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005;59(3):337–344.
53. Rutz W, von Knorring L, Walinder J. Frequency of suicide on Gotland after systematic postgraduate education of general practitioners. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1989;80(2):151–154.
54. De Leo D, Dello Buono M, Dwyer J. Suicide among the elderly: the long-term impact of a telephone support and assessment intervention in northern Italy. Br J Psychiatry 2002;181:226–229.
55. Chan SS, Leung VP, Tsoh J, et al. Outcomes of a two-tiered multifaceted elderly suicide prevention program in a Hong Kong Chinese community. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011;19(2):185–196.