메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 255-273

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Current treatment options and future perspectives

Author keywords

anti viral; HIV; IL 7; immunosuppression; interferon; IRIS; JCV; natalizumab; PML; PML IRIS; prophylaxis; treatment; vaccine

Indexed keywords

3 AMINOBENZAMIDE; AG 122; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; BREFELDIN A; BRINCIDOFOVIR; CHLORPROMAZINE; CIDOFOVIR; CITALOPRAM; CYT 107; CYTARABINE; GANCICLOVIR; GLUCOCORTICOID; IMATINIB; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 7; LEFLUNOMIDE; MARAVIROC; MEFLOQUINE; MIRTAZAPINE; NATALIZUMAB; RETRO 2CYCL; RISPERIDONE; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; TOPOTECAN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZIDOVUDINE; ZIPRASIDONE;

EID: 84945556497     PISSN: 17562856     EISSN: 17562864     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1756285615602832     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (171)

References (106)
  • 2
    • 84871296357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of JCV-specific T-cell response by corticotherapy: effect on PML-IRIS management?
    • Antoniol C. Jilek S. Schluep M. Mercier N. Canales M. Le Goff G. et al. (2012) Impairment of JCV-specific T-cell response by corticotherapy: effect on PML-IRIS management? Neurology 79 (23): 2258–2264.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , Issue.23 , pp. 2258-2264
    • Antoniol, C.1    Jilek, S.2    Schluep, M.3    Mercier, N.4    Canales, M.5    Le Goff, G.6
  • 3
    • 77957184066 scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy; a hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease
    • Astrom K. Mancall E. Richardson E. Jr (1958) Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy; a hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease. Brain 81 (1): 93–111.
    • (1958) Brain , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-111
    • Astrom, K.1    Mancall, E.2    Richardson, E.3
  • 4
    • 0034837329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combination of low-dose chlorpromazine and neutralizing antibodies inhibits the spread of JC virus (JCV) in a tissue culture model: implications for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy
    • Atwood W. (2001) A combination of low-dose chlorpromazine and neutralizing antibodies inhibits the spread of JC virus (JCV) in a tissue culture model: implications for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy. J Neurovirol 7: 307–310.
    • (2001) J Neurovirol , vol.7 , pp. 307-310
    • Atwood, W.1
  • 5
    • 0031049177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JC virus regulatory region rearrangements and genotypes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: two independent aspects of virus variation
    • Agostini H. Ryschkewitsch C. Singer E. Stoner G. (1997) JC virus regulatory region rearrangements and genotypes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: two independent aspects of virus variation. J Gen Virol 78: 659–664.
    • (1997) J Gen Virol , vol.78 , pp. 659-664
    • Agostini, H.1    Ryschkewitsch, C.2    Singer, E.3    Stoner, G.4
  • 6
    • 79960188497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyomavirus JC-targeted T-cell therapy for progressive multiple eukoencephalopathy in a hematopoietic cell transplantation recipient
    • Balduzzi A. Lucchini G. Hirsch H. Basso S. Cioni M. Rovelli A. et al. (2011) Polyomavirus JC-targeted T-cell therapy for progressive multiple eukoencephalopathy in a hematopoietic cell transplantation recipient. Bone Marrow Transplant 46: 987–992.
    • (2011) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.46 , pp. 987-992
    • Balduzzi, A.1    Lucchini, G.2    Hirsch, H.3    Basso, S.4    Cioni, M.5    Rovelli, A.6
  • 7
    • 84872969381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression increases JC polyomavirus large T antigen DNA load in the brains of patients without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Bayliss J. Karasoulos T. McLean C. (2013) Immunosuppression increases JC polyomavirus large T antigen DNA load in the brains of patients without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Infect Dis 207: 133–136.
    • (2013) J Infect Dis , vol.207 , pp. 133-136
    • Bayliss, J.1    Karasoulos, T.2    McLean, C.3
  • 8
    • 0031939019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection
    • Berger J. Pall L. Lanska D. Whiteman M. (1998) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection. J Neurovirol 4: 59–68.
    • (1998) J Neurovirol , vol.4 , pp. 59-68
    • Berger, J.1    Pall, L.2    Lanska, D.3    Whiteman, M.4
  • 9
    • 0000496061 scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of recombinant alpha 2a interferon in the treatment of AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Berger J. Pall L. McArthur J. Hall C. Cimoch P. Evans B. et al. (1992) A pilot study of recombinant alpha 2a interferon in the treatment of AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 42(Suppl. 3): 257.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 257
    • Berger, J.1    Pall, L.2    McArthur, J.3    Hall, C.4    Cimoch, P.5    Evans, B.6
  • 10
    • 47249149259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cidofovir inhibits polyomavirus BK replication in human renal tubular cells downstream of viral early gene expression
    • Bernhoff E. Gutteberg T. Sandvik K. Hirsch H. Rinaldo C. (2008) Cidofovir inhibits polyomavirus BK replication in human renal tubular cells downstream of viral early gene expression.Am J Transplant 8: 1413–1422.
    • (2008) Am J Transplant , vol.8 , pp. 1413-1422
    • Bernhoff, E.1    Gutteberg, T.2    Sandvik, K.3    Hirsch, H.4    Rinaldo, C.5
  • 11
    • 75449107430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leflunomide inhibition of BK virus replication in renal tubular epithelial cells
    • Bernhoff E. Tylden G. Kjerpeseth L. Gutteberg T. Hirsch H. Rinaldo C. (2010) Leflunomide inhibition of BK virus replication in renal tubular epithelial cells. J Virol 84: 2150–2156.
    • (2010) J Virol , vol.84 , pp. 2150-2156
    • Bernhoff, E.1    Tylden, G.2    Kjerpeseth, L.3    Gutteberg, T.4    Hirsch, H.5    Rinaldo, C.6
  • 12
    • 84945530432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab PML risk update, July 2011
    • Biogen-Idec Available at accessed August 2015
    • Biogen-Idec (2011) Natalizumab PML risk update, July 2011. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Presentation/2011/07/WC500109645.pdf (accessed August 2015)
    • (2011)
  • 13
    • 84945589860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab PML risk update
    • Biogen-Idec February Available at accessed August 2015
    • Biogen-Idec (2014) Natalizumab PML risk update, February 2014. Available at: http://multiple-sclerosis-research.blogspot.com/2014/03/natalizumab-pml-risk-update-february.html (accessed August 2015).
    • (2014)
  • 15
    • 0034795891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential transmission of human polyomaviruses through the gastrointestinal tract after exposure to virions or viral DNA
    • Bofill-Mas S. Formiga-Cruz M. Clemente-Casares P. Calafell F. Girones R. (2001) Potential transmission of human polyomaviruses through the gastrointestinal tract after exposure to virions or viral DNA. J. Virol 75: 10290–10299.
    • (2001) J. Virol , vol.75 , pp. 10290-10299
    • Bofill-Mas, S.1    Formiga-Cruz, M.2    Clemente-Casares, P.3    Calafell, F.4    Girones, R.5
  • 16
    • 84945535325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JC virus vaccine
    • Patent EP: 2465532 A1.
    • Boland C. (2012) JC virus vaccine. Patent EP 2465532 A1.
    • (2012)
    • Boland, C.1
  • 17
    • 78649969090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other forms of JC virus disease
    • Brew B. Davies N. Cinque P. Clifford D. Nath A. (2010) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other forms of JC virus disease. Nat Rev Neurol 6: 667–679.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 667-679
    • Brew, B.1    Davies, N.2    Cinque, P.3    Clifford, D.4    Nath, A.5
  • 19
    • 84945561548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cidofovir therapy for PML in two AIDS patients
    • [Abstract I-5] 37th ICAAC.
    • Brosgart C. Roberts T. Safrin S. et al. (1997) Cidofovir therapy for PML in two AIDS patients. [Abstract I-5] 37th ICAAC.
    • (1997)
    • Brosgart, C.1    Roberts, T.2    Safrin, S.3
  • 20
    • 0036935281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated by interleukin-2 responsive progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Buckanovich R.J. Liu G. Stricker C. Luger S.M. Stadtmauer E.A. Shuster S.J. et al. (2002) Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated by interleukin-2 responsive progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Hematol 81: 410–3.
    • (2002) Ann Hematol , vol.81 , pp. 410-413
    • Buckanovich, R.J.1    Liu, G.2    Stricker, C.3    Luger, S.M.4    Stadtmauer, E.A.5    Shuster, S.J.6
  • 21
    • 84905667133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with brentuximab vedotin therapy: a report of 5 cases from the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions (SONAR) project
    • Carson K.R. Newsome S.D. Kim E.J. Wagner-Johnston N.D. von Geldern G. Moskowitz C.H. et al. (2014) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with brentuximab vedotin therapy: a report of 5 cases from the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions (SONAR) project. Cancer 120: 2464–71.
    • (2014) Cancer , vol.120 , pp. 2464-2471
    • Carson, K.R.1    Newsome, S.D.2    Kim, E.J.3    Wagner-Johnston, N.D.4    von Geldern, G.5    Moskowitz, C.H.6
  • 22
    • 60549087519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mirtazapine use in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Cettomai D. McArthur J.C. (2009) Mirtazapine use in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Arch Neurol 66: 255–258
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 255-258
    • Cettomai, D.1    McArthur, J.C.2
  • 23
    • 57049189593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin receptor 2A blocker (risperidone) has no effect on human polyomavirus JC infection of primary human fetal glial cells
    • Chapagain M.L. Sumibcay L. Gurjav U. Kaufusi P. Kast R.E. Nerurkar V.R. (2008) Serotonin receptor 2A blocker (risperidone) has no effect on human polyomavirus JC infection of primary human fetal glial cells. J Neurovirol 14:448–54
    • (2008) J Neurovirol , vol.14 , pp. 448-454
    • Chapagain, M.L.1    Sumibcay, L.2    Gurjav, U.3    Kaufusi, P.4    Kast, R.E.5    Nerurkar, V.R.6
  • 25
  • 26
    • 84919364223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy therapy
    • [epub ahead of print]
    • Clifford D. (2014) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy therapy. J Neurovirol. [epub ahead of print]
    • (2014) J Neurovirol
    • Clifford, D.1
  • 27
    • 80052777262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Clifford D. Ances B. Costello C. Rosen-Schmidt S. Andersson M. Parks D. et al. (2011) Rituximab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Neuro 68: 1156–1164.
    • (2011) Arch Neuro , vol.68 , pp. 1156-1164
    • Clifford, D.1    Ances, B.2    Costello, C.3    Rosen-Schmidt, S.4    Andersson, M.5    Parks, D.6
  • 28
    • 84883481860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of mefloquine treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Results and exploration of predictors of PML outcomes
    • Clifford D. Nath A. Cinque P. Brew B. Zivadinov R. Gorelik L. et al. (2013) A study of mefloquine treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Results and exploration of predictors of PML outcomes. J Neurovirol 19: 351–358.
    • (2013) J Neurovirol , vol.19 , pp. 351-358
    • Clifford, D.1    Nath, A.2    Cinque, P.3    Brew, B.4    Zivadinov, R.5    Gorelik, L.6
  • 29
    • 84945569880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab PML update - Q 4 2014
    • ClinicSpeak January Available at accessed August 2015
    • ClinicSpeak (2015) Natalizumab PML update - Q 4 2014, January 2015. Available at: http://multiple-sclerosis-research.blogspot.com/2015/01/clinicspeak-natalizumab-pml-update-q4.html (accessed August 2015).
    • (2015)
  • 30
    • 84884587471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease course and outcome of 15 monocentrically treated natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients
    • Dahlhaus S. Hoepner R. Chan A. Kleiter I. Adams O. Lukas C. et al. (2013) Disease course and outcome of 15 monocentrically treated natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 84: 1068–1074.
    • (2013) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.84 , pp. 1068-1074
    • Dahlhaus, S.1    Hoepner, R.2    Chan, A.3    Kleiter, I.4    Adams, O.5    Lukas, C.6
  • 32
    • 66149113825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cidofovir in addition to antiretroviral treatment is not effective for AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a multicohort analysis
    • de Luca A. Ammassari A. Pezzotti P. Cinque P. Gasnault J. Berenguer J. Di Giambenedetto S. et al. (2008) Cidofovir in addition to antiretroviral treatment is not effective for AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a multicohort analysis. AIDS 22:1759–1767.
    • (2008) AIDS , vol.22 , pp. 1759-1767
    • de Luca, A.1    Ammassari, A.2    Pezzotti, P.3    Cinque, P.4    Gasnault, J.5    Berenguer, J.6    Di Giambenedetto, S.7
  • 33
    • 17644388128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with improved clinical outcome
    • Demir E. Liebert U. Söylemezoglu F. Yalaz K. Köse G. Anlar B. (2005) Childhood case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with improved clinical outcome. J Child Neurol 20: 241–244.
    • (2005) J Child Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 241-244
    • Demir, E.1    Liebert, U.2    Söylemezoglu, F.3    Yalaz, K.4    Köse, G.5    Anlar, B.6
  • 34
    • 84936818553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN-gamma inhibits JC virus replication in glial cells by suppressing T-antigen expression
    • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129694.
    • De-Simone F. Sariyer R. Lopez Otalora Y. Yarandi S. Michael Craigie M. Gordon J. et al. (2015) IFN-gamma inhibits JC virus replication in glial cells by suppressing T-antigen expression. PloS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129694.
    • (2015) PloS ONE
    • De-Simone, F.1    Sariyer, R.2    Lopez Otalora, Y.3    Yarandi, S.4    Michael Craigie, M.5    Gordon, J.6
  • 35
    • 8844269161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells
    • Elphick G. Querbes W. Jordan J. Gee G. Eash S. Manley K. et al. (2004) The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells. Science 306: 1380–1383.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 1380-1383
    • Elphick, G.1    Querbes, W.2    Jordan, J.3    Gee, G.4    Eash, S.5    Manley, K.6
  • 36
    • 58749083385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: A nationwide cohort study
    • Engsig F. Hansen A. Omland L. Kronborg G. Gerstoft J. Laursen A. et al. (2009) Incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: A nationwide cohort study. J Infect Dis 199: 77–83.
    • (2009) J Infect Dis , vol.199 , pp. 77-83
    • Engsig, F.1    Hansen, A.2    Omland, L.3    Kronborg, G.4    Gerstoft, J.5    Laursen, A.6
  • 37
    • 64749087758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a review and an extended report of five patients with different immune compromised states
    • Epker J. van Biezen P. van Daele P. van Gelder T. Vossen A. van Saase J. (2009) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a review and an extended report of five patients with different immune compromised states. Eur J Intern Med 20: 261–267.
    • (2009) Eur J Intern Med , vol.20 , pp. 261-267
    • Epker, J.1    van Biezen, P.2    van Daele, P.3    van Gelder, T.4    Vossen, A.5    van Saase, J.6
  • 38
    • 84993706638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs smarter than bugs: Mirtazapine and mefloquine for non-AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Epperla N. Yale S. (2013) Drugs smarter than bugs: Mirtazapine and mefloquine for non-AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Hospital Med 8(Suppl. 1): 954.
    • (2013) J Hospital Med , vol.8 , pp. 954
    • Epperla, N.1    Yale, S.2
  • 39
    • 84856182539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malaria drug fails to fulfill promise in PML
    • Friedman R. (2011) Malaria drug fails to fulfill promise in PML. Neurol. Today 11 (8): 8.
    • (2011) Neurol. Today , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 8
    • Friedman, R.1
  • 40
    • 4744357460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of interleukin-2 function, production and clinical applications
    • Gaffena S. Liub K. (2004) Overview of interleukin-2 function, production and clinical applications. Cytokine 28: 109–123.
    • (2004) Cytokine , vol.28 , pp. 109-123
    • Gaffena, S.1    Liub, K.2
  • 41
    • 84978014375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 7 in a patient with severe lymphopenia-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Gasnault J. de Goer d.e. Havre M. Michot J. Hendel-Chavez H. Seta V. Mazet A. et al. (2014) Efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 7 in a patient with severe lymphopenia-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Open Forum Infect Dis 1: 1–3.
    • (2014) Open Forum Infect Dis , vol.1 , pp. 1-3
    • Gasnault, J.1    de Goer, d.e.2    Havre, M.3    Michot, J.4    Hendel-Chavez, H.5    Seta, V.6    Mazet, A.7
  • 42
    • 79959809679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival of HIV-1-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy receiving early 5-drug combination antiretroviral therapy
    • Gasnault J. Costagliola D. Hendel-Chavez H. Dulioust A. Pakianather S. Mazet A. et al. (2011) Improved survival of HIV-1-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy receiving early 5-drug combination antiretroviral therapy. PloS ONE 6: e20967.
    • (2011) PloS ONE , vol.6 , pp. e20967
    • Gasnault, J.1    Costagliola, D.2    Hendel-Chavez, H.3    Dulioust, A.4    Pakianather, S.5    Mazet, A.6
  • 44
    • 84945538850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human antibodies for therapy and prevention of polyomavirus-related diseases
    • Patent WO2014102399A1.
    • Grimm J. Martin R. Combaluzier B. (2014) Recombinant human antibodies for therapy and prevention of polyomavirus-related diseases. Patent WO2014102399A1.
    • (2014)
    • Grimm, J.1    Martin, R.2    Combaluzier, B.3
  • 45
    • 79955549826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CMX 001 (1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir) inhibits polyomavirus JC replication in human brain progenitor-derived astrocytes
    • Gosert R. Hanssen R. Wernli M. Major E. Hirsch H. (2011) CMX 001 (1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir) inhibits polyomavirus JC replication in human brain progenitor-derived astrocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55: 2129–2136.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 2129-2136
    • Gosert, R.1    Hanssen, R.2    Wernli, M.3    Major, E.4    Hirsch, H.5
  • 46
    • 0344743110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 243 Team
    • Hall C. Dafni U. Simpson D. Clifford D. Wetherill P. Cohen B. et al. (1998) Failure of cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 243 Team. N Engl J Med 338:1345–1351.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 1345-1351
    • Hall, C.1    Dafni, U.2    Simpson, D.3    Clifford, D.4    Wetherill, P.5    Cohen, B.6
  • 48
    • 0031855486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of nucleoside analogs against JC virus multiplication in a persistently infected human fetal brain cell line
    • Hou J. Major E. (1998) The efficacy of nucleoside analogs against JC virus multiplication in a persistently infected human fetal brain cell line. J Neurovirol 4: 451–456.
    • (1998) J Neurovirol , vol.4 , pp. 451-456
    • Hou, J.1    Major, E.2
  • 49
    • 0031839156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival prolongation in HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated with alpha-Interferon: An observational study
    • Huang S. Skolasky R. Dal Pan G. Royal W. III McArthur J. (1998) Survival prolongation in HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated with alpha-Interferon: An observational study. J Neuro Virol 4: 324–332.
    • (1998) J Neuro Virol , vol.4 , pp. 324-332
    • Huang, S.1    Skolasky, R.2    Dal Pan, G.3    Royal, W.4    McArthur, J.5
  • 50
    • 84945558127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyoma virus JC peptides and proteins in vaccination and diagnostic applications
    • Patent WO: 2013014134 A2.
    • Jelcic I. Martin R. Schippling S. Sospreda M. Yousef S. (2013) Polyoma virus JC peptides and proteins in vaccination and diagnostic applications. Patent WO 2013014134 A2.
    • (2013)
    • Jelcic, I.1    Martin, R.2    Schippling, S.3    Sospreda, M.4    Yousef, S.5
  • 51
    • 78049256334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (CMX001) suppresses JC virus replication in human fetal brain SVG cell cultures
    • Jiang Z.G. Cohen J. Marshall L.J. Major E.O. (2010) Hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (CMX001) suppresses JC virus replication in human fetal brain SVG cell cultures. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 4723–4732.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 4723-4732
    • Jiang, Z.G.1    Cohen, J.2    Marshall, L.J.3    Major, E.O.4
  • 53
    • 84993750126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab-associated PML survival rates exceed 80%. ECTRIMS / ACTRIMS 5th joint triennial congress
    • Kappos L. (2011) Natalizumab-associated PML survival rates exceed 80%. ECTRIMS / ACTRIMS 5th joint triennial congress. Neurol Rev 10 (19): E4.
    • (2011) Neurol Rev , vol.10 , Issue.19 , pp. E4
    • Kappos, L.1
  • 54
    • 34250183870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment schedules for 5-HT2A blocking in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy using risperidone or ziprasidone
    • Kast R. Focosi D. Petrini M. Altschuler E. (2007) Treatment schedules for 5-HT2A blocking in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy using risperidone or ziprasidone. Bone Marrow Transplant 39: 811–812.
    • (2007) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.39 , pp. 811-812
    • Kast, R.1    Focosi, D.2    Petrini, M.3    Altschuler, E.4
  • 55
    • 67349184772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JCV vaccination could reduce the risk of developing cognitive decline, dementia, strokes and brain tumours, by preventing chronic JCV cerebral infection, and recurrent reactivation
    • Katona S. (2009) JCV vaccination could reduce the risk of developing cognitive decline, dementia, strokes and brain tumours, by preventing chronic JCV cerebral infection, and recurrent reactivation. Med Hypotheses 73: 268–269.
    • (2009) Med Hypotheses , vol.73 , pp. 268-269
    • Katona, S.1
  • 56
    • 0027430663 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human neurotropic virus (JCV) DNA replication in glial cells by campto thecin
    • Kerr D. Chang C. Gordon J. Bjornsti M. Khalili K. (1993) Inhibition of human neurotropic virus (JCV) DNA replication in glial cells by campto thecin. Virology 196: 612–618.
    • (1993) Virology , vol.196 , pp. 612-618
    • Kerr, D.1    Chang, C.2    Gordon, J.3    Bjornsti, M.4    Khalili, K.5
  • 57
    • 65549125336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy over 20 years of the Swiss HIV cohort study
    • Khanna N. Elzi L. Mueller N. Garzoni C. Cavassini M. Fux C. et al. (2009) Incidence and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy over 20 years of the Swiss HIV cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 48: 1459–1466.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.48 , pp. 1459-1466
    • Khanna, N.1    Elzi, L.2    Mueller, N.3    Garzoni, C.4    Cavassini, M.5    Fux, C.6
  • 58
    • 33846984974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and a review of the literature
    • Kharfan-Dabaja M. Ayala E. Greene J. Rojiani A. Murtagh F. Anasetti C. (2007) Two cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and a review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transplant 39: 253–254
    • (2007) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.39 , pp. 253-254
    • Kharfan-Dabaja, M.1    Ayala, E.2    Greene, J.3    Rojiani, A.4    Murtagh, F.5    Anasetti, C.6
  • 59
    • 0027968184 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of the human polyomavirus JC virus occurs both within the family and outside the family
    • Kitamura T. Kunitake T. Guo J. Tominaga T. Kawabe K. Yogo Y. (1994) Transmission of the human polyomavirus JC virus occurs both within the family and outside the family. J Clin Microbiol 32: 2359.
    • (1994) J Clin Microbiol , vol.32
    • Kitamura, T.1    Kunitake, T.2    Guo, J.3    Tominaga, T.4    Kawabe, K.5    Yogo, Y.6
  • 60
    • 0030909011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent JC virus (JCV) infection is demonstrated by continuous shedding of the same JCV strains
    • Kitamura T. Sugimoto C. Kato A. Ebihara H. Suzuki M. Taguchi F. et al. (1997) Persistent JC virus (JCV) infection is demonstrated by continuous shedding of the same JCV strains. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1255–1257.
    • (1997) J Clin Microbiol , vol.35 , pp. 1255-1257
    • Kitamura, T.1    Sugimoto, C.2    Kato, A.3    Ebihara, H.4    Suzuki, M.5    Taguchi, F.6
  • 61
    • 33745630722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and epidemiology of the human polyomaviruses BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV)
    • Knowles W. (2006) Discovery and epidemiology of the human polyomaviruses BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV). Adv Exp Med Biol 577: 19–45.
    • (2006) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.577 , pp. 19-45
    • Knowles, W.1
  • 62
    • 33746825429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revisited: Has the disease outgrown its name?
    • Koralnik I. (2006) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revisited: Has the disease outgrown its name? Ann Neurol 60: 162–173.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 162-173
    • Koralnik, I.1
  • 63
    • 0028997573 scopus 로고
    • Parent-to-child transmission is relatively common in the spread of the human polyomavirus JC virus
    • Kunitake T. Kitamura T. Guo J. Taguchi F. Kawabe K. Yogo Y. (1995) Parent-to-child transmission is relatively common in the spread of the human polyomavirus JC virus. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1448.
    • (1995) J Clin Microbiol , vol.33 , pp. 1448
    • Kunitake, T.1    Kitamura, T.2    Guo, J.3    Taguchi, F.4    Kawabe, K.5    Yogo, Y.6
  • 64
    • 27644443195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained recovery of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with IL-2
    • Kunschner L. Scott T. (2005) Sustained recovery of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with IL-2. Neurology 65: 1510.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1510
    • Kunschner, L.1    Scott, T.2
  • 65
    • 84907432363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral miRNAs in plasma and urine divulge JC polyomavirus infection
    • Lagatie O. van Loy T. Tritsmans L. Stuyver L. (2014) Viral miRNAs in plasma and urine divulge JC polyomavirus infection. Virol J 11: 158.
    • (2014) Virol J , vol.11 , pp. 158
    • Lagatie, O.1    van Loy, T.2    Tritsmans, L.3    Stuyver, L.4
  • 66
    • 84946488147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JC polyomavirus attachment, entry, and trafficking: unlocking the keys to a fatal infection
    • Epub ahead of print July DOI: 10.1007/s13365-014-0272-4
    • Maginnis M. Nelson C. Atwood W. (2014) JC polyomavirus attachment, entry, and trafficking: unlocking the keys to a fatal infection. J Neuro Virol. Epub ahead of print 31 July 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s13365-014-0272-4.
    • (2014) J Neuro Virol
    • Maginnis, M.1    Nelson, C.2    Atwood, W.3
  • 67
    • 18644377201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of cidofovir for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS
    • Marra C. Rajicic N. Barker D. Cohen B. Clifford D. Donovan Post M. et al. (2002) A pilot study of cidofovir for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS. AIDS 16: 1791–1797.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 1791-1797
    • Marra, C.1    Rajicic, N.2    Barker, D.3    Cohen, B.4    Clifford, D.5    Donovan Post, M.6
  • 68
    • 84945550170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyoma virus JC peptides and proteins in vaccination and diagnostic applications
    • Patent EP: 2548567 A1.
    • Martin R. Sospedra M. Jelcic I. Yousef S. Schippling S. (2011) Polyoma virus JC peptides and proteins in vaccination and diagnostic applications. Patent EP 2548567 A1.
    • (2011)
    • Martin, R.1    Sospedra, M.2    Jelcic, I.3    Yousef, S.4    Schippling, S.5
  • 69
    • 43049112794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An siRNA against JC virus (JCV) agnoprotein inhibits JCV infection in JCV-producing cells inoculated in nude mice
    • Matoba T. Orba Y. Suzuki T. Makino Y. Shichinohe H. Kuroda S. et al. (2008) An siRNA against JC virus (JCV) agnoprotein inhibits JCV infection in JCV-producing cells inoculated in nude mice. Neuropathology 28: 286–294.
    • (2008) Neuropathology , vol.28 , pp. 286-294
    • Matoba, T.1    Orba, Y.2    Suzuki, T.3    Makino, Y.4    Shichinohe, H.5    Kuroda, S.6
  • 71
    • 79955418828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harnessing the biology of IL-7 for therapeutic application
    • Mackall C. Fry T. Gress R. (2011) Harnessing the biology of IL-7 for therapeutic application. Nat Rev Immunol 11: 330–342.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.11 , pp. 330-342
    • Mackall, C.1    Fry, T.2    Gress, R.3
  • 72
    • 84867292437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No effect of disease modifying drugs on JC virus expression in multiple sclerosis
    • Miller C. Houff S. Hopper J. Danaher R. Gurwell J. Lin Y. et al. (2012) No effect of disease modifying drugs on JC virus expression in multiple sclerosis. J Neurovirol 18: 411–415.
    • (2012) J Neurovirol , vol.18 , pp. 411-415
    • Miller, C.1    Houff, S.2    Hopper, J.3    Danaher, R.4    Gurwell, J.5    Lin, Y.6
  • 73
    • 73249116052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a national estimate of frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases
    • Molloy E. Calabrese L. (2009) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a national estimate of frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 60: 3761–3765.
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum , vol.60 , pp. 3761-3765
    • Molloy, E.1    Calabrese, L.2
  • 74
    • 84945550765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CMX001, a novel broad spectrum antiviral, may mitigate signs of BK virus (BKV) associated bladder and kidney end-organ damage
    • Poster at ICTS July
    • Mommeja-Marin H. Marty F. Boeckh M. Winston D. Rowley S. Godkin S. et al. (2012) CMX001, a novel broad spectrum antiviral, may mitigate signs of BK virus (BKV) associated bladder and kidney end-organ damage. Poster at ICTS, July 2012
    • (2012)
    • Mommeja-Marin, H.1    Marty, F.2    Boeckh, M.3    Winston, D.4    Rowley, S.5    Godkin, S.6
  • 75
  • 76
    • 58149334927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and use of mycophenolate mofetil after kidney transplantation
    • Neff R. Hurst F. Falta E. Bohen E. Lentine K. Dharnidharka V. et al. (2008) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and use of mycophenolate mofetil after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 86: 1474–1478.
    • (2008) Transplantation , vol.86 , pp. 1474-1478
    • Neff, R.1    Hurst, F.2    Falta, E.3    Bohen, E.4    Lentine, K.5    Dharnidharka, V.6
  • 77
    • 84891597724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrograde trafficking inhibitor of ricin and Shiga-like toxins inhibits infection of cells by human and monkey polyomaviruses
    • Nelson C. Carney D. Derdowski A. Lipovsky A. Gee G. O'Hara B. et al. (2013) A retrograde trafficking inhibitor of ricin and Shiga-like toxins inhibits infection of cells by human and monkey polyomaviruses. mBio 4: e00729.
    • (2013) mBio , vol.4 , pp. e00729
    • Nelson, C.1    Carney, D.2    Derdowski, A.3    Lipovsky, A.4    Gee, G.5    O'Hara, B.6
  • 78
    • 84860583450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The VP 1 subunit of JC polyomavirus recapitulates early events in viral trafficking and is a novel tool to study polyomavirus entry
    • Nelson C. Derdowski A. Maginnis M. O'Hara B. Atwood W. (2012) The VP 1 subunit of JC polyomavirus recapitulates early events in viral trafficking and is a novel tool to study polyomavirus entry. Virology 428: 30–40.
    • (2012) Virology , vol.428 , pp. 30-40
    • Nelson, C.1    Derdowski, A.2    Maginnis, M.3    O'Hara, B.4    Atwood, W.5
  • 79
    • 0030786978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of archetype and rearranged variants of JC virus in multiple tissues from a pediatric PML patient
    • Newman J. Frisque R. (1997) Detection of archetype and rearranged variants of JC virus in multiple tissues from a pediatric PML patient. J Med Virol 52: 243–252.
    • (1997) J Med Virol , vol.52 , pp. 243-252
    • Newman, J.1    Frisque, R.2
  • 80
    • 84945536127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orphan Drug Designation Granted to Treatment for Rare Multiple Sclerosis Drug Complication. Multiple Sclerosis News Today
    • Available at accessed August 2015
    • Newman M. (2014) Orphan Drug Designation Granted to Treatment for Rare Multiple Sclerosis Drug Complication. Multiple Sclerosis News Today. Available at: http://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/2014/05/22/orphan-drug-designation-granted-treatment-rare-multiple-sclerosis-drug-complication/ (accessed August 2015)
    • (2014)
    • Newman, M.1
  • 82
    • 0142106298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propagation of archetype and nonarchetype JC virus variants in human fetal brain cultures: demonstration of interference activity by archetype JC virus
    • O'Neill F. Greenlee J. Dörries K. Clawson S. Carney H. (2003) Propagation of archetype and nonarchetype JC virus variants in human fetal brain cultures: demonstration of interference activity by archetype JC virus. J Neurovirol 9: 567–576.
    • (2003) J Neurovirol , vol.9 , pp. 567-576
    • O'Neill, F.1    Greenlee, J.2    Dörries, K.3    Clawson, S.4    Carney, H.5
  • 83
    • 2942650145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of virus production in JC virus-infected cells by postinfection RNA interference
    • Orba Y. Sawa H. Iwata H. Tanaka S. Nagashima K. (2004) Inhibition of virus production in JC virus-infected cells by postinfection RNA interference. J Virol 78: 7270–7273.
    • (2004) J Virol , vol.78 , pp. 7270-7273
    • Orba, Y.1    Sawa, H.2    Iwata, H.3    Tanaka, S.4    Nagashima, K.5
  • 84
    • 0015232447 scopus 로고
    • Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy
    • Padgett B. Walker D. ZuRhein G. Eckroade R. Dessel B. (1971) Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet 1 (7712): 1257–1260.
    • (1971) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7712 , pp. 1257-1260
    • Padgett, B.1    Walker, D.2    ZuRhein, G.3    Eckroade, R.4    Dessel, B.5
  • 85
    • 84862943614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual therapy with cidofovir and mirtazapine for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a sarcoidosis patient
    • Park J. Ryoo S. Noh H. Seo J. Kang H. Shin J. et al. (2011) Dual therapy with cidofovir and mirtazapine for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a sarcoidosis patient. Case Rep Neurol 3: 258–262.
    • (2011) Case Rep Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 258-262
    • Park, J.1    Ryoo, S.2    Noh, H.3    Seo, J.4    Kang, H.5    Shin, J.6
  • 86
    • 78149487237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia
    • Patel A. Patel J. Ikwuagwu J. (2010) A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia. J Antimicrob Chemother 65: 2697–2698.
    • (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.65 , pp. 2697-2698
    • Patel, A.1    Patel, J.2    Ikwuagwu, J.3
  • 87
    • 84855575065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI preclinical detection and asymptomatic course of a progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) under natalizumab therapy
    • Phan-Ba R. Lommers E. Tshibanda L. Calay P. Dubois B. Moonen G. et al. (2012) MRI preclinical detection and asymptomatic course of a progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) under natalizumab therapy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 83: 224–226.
    • (2012) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.83 , pp. 224-226
    • Phan-Ba, R.1    Lommers, E.2    Tshibanda, L.3    Calay, P.4    Dubois, B.5    Moonen, G.6
  • 88
    • 0033968050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JC virus enters human glial cells by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis
    • Pho M. Ashok A. Atwood W. (2000) JC virus enters human glial cells by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. J Virol 74: 2288–2292.
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 2288-2292
    • Pho, M.1    Ashok, A.2    Atwood, W.3
  • 89
    • 0030726855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with low-dose interleukin-2
    • Przepiorka D. Jaeckle K. Birdwell R. Fuller G. Kumar A. Huh Y. et al. (1997) Successful treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with low-dose interleukin-2. Bone Marrow Transplant 20: 983–987.
    • (1997) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.20 , pp. 983-987
    • Przepiorka, D.1    Jaeckle, K.2    Birdwell, R.3    Fuller, G.4    Kumar, A.5    Huh, Y.6
  • 90
    • 33748936911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasion of host cells by JC virus identifies a novel role for caveolae in endosomal sorting of noncaveolar ligands
    • Querbes W. O'Hara B. Williams G. Atwood W. (2006) Invasion of host cells by JC virus identifies a novel role for caveolae in endosomal sorting of noncaveolar ligands. J Virol 80: 9402–9413.
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 9402-9413
    • Querbes, W.1    O'Hara, B.2    Williams, G.3    Atwood, W.4
  • 91
    • 0032588095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after autologous bone marrow transplantation and alpha-interferon immunotherapy
    • Re D. Bamborschke S. Feiden W. Schröder R. Lehrke R. Diehl V. Tesch H. et al. (1999) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after autologous bone marrow transplantation and alpha-interferon immunotherapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 23: 295–298.
    • (1999) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.23 , pp. 295-298
    • Re, D.1    Bamborschke, S.2    Feiden, W.3    Schröder, R.4    Lehrke, R.5    Diehl, V.6    Tesch, H.7
  • 92
    • 84863680262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of lymphocyte chemotaxis in visceral graft-versus-host disease
    • Reshef R. Luger S. Hexner E. Loren A. Frey N. Nasta S. et al. (2012) Blockade of lymphocyte chemotaxis in visceral graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med 367: 135–145.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 135-145
    • Reshef, R.1    Luger, S.2    Hexner, E.3    Loren, A.4    Frey, N.5    Nasta, S.6
  • 93
    • 0034928554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase III study of recombinant human interferon gamma to prevent opportunistic infections in advanced HIV disease
    • Riddell L. Pinching A. Hill S. Ng T. Arbe E. Lapham G. et al. (2001) A phase III study of recombinant human interferon gamma to prevent opportunistic infections in advanced HIV disease. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 17: 789–797.
    • (2001) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.17 , pp. 789-797
    • Riddell, L.1    Pinching, A.2    Hill, S.3    Ng, T.4    Arbe, E.5    Lapham, G.6
  • 94
    • 0038107610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topotecan in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Royal W. III Dupont B. McGuire D. Chang L. Goodkin K. Ernst T. et al. (2003) Topotecan in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurovirol 9: 411–419.
    • (2003) J Neurovirol , vol.9 , pp. 411-419
    • Royal, W.1    Dupont, B.2    McGuire, D.3    Chang, L.4    Goodkin, K.5    Ernst, T.6
  • 95
    • 0035936622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990–1998
    • Sacktor N. Lyles R. Skolasky R. Kleeberger C. Selnes O. Miller E. et al. (2001) HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990–1998. Neurology 56: 257–260.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 257-260
    • Sacktor, N.1    Lyles, R.2    Skolasky, R.3    Kleeberger, C.4    Selnes, O.5    Miller, E.6
  • 97
    • 84924348262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with interleukin 7 and vaccination with JC Virus capsid protein VP1
    • Sospedra M. Schippling S. Yousef S. Jelcic I. Bofill-Mas S. Planas R. et al. (2014) Treating progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with interleukin 7 and vaccination with JC Virus capsid protein VP1. Clin Infect Dis 59: 1588–1592.
    • (2014) Clin Infect Dis , vol.59 , pp. 1588-1592
    • Sospedra, M.1    Schippling, S.2    Yousef, S.3    Jelcic, I.4    Bofill-Mas, S.5    Planas, R.6
  • 98
    • 77956044326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JC virus latency in the brain and extraneural organs of patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Tan C. Ellis L. Wüthrich C. Ngo L. Broge T. Jr Saint-Aubyn J. et al. (2010) JC virus latency in the brain and extraneural organs of patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Virol 84: 9200–9209.
    • (2010) J Virol , vol.84 , pp. 9200-9209
    • Tan, C.1    Ellis, L.2    Wüthrich, C.3    Ngo, L.4    Broge, T.5    Saint-Aubyn, J.6
  • 99
    • 77949297173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorders caused by JC virus. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis
    • Tan C. Koralnik I. (2010) Disorders caused by JC virus. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol 9: 425–437.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 425-437
    • Tan, C.1    Koralnik, I.2
  • 100
    • 80155208330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in natalizumab-associated PML
    • Tan I. McArthur J. Clifford D. Major E. Nath A. (2011) Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in natalizumab-associated PML. Neurology 77: 1061–1067.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 1061-1067
    • Tan, I.1    McArthur, J.2    Clifford, D.3    Major, E.4    Nath, A.5
  • 101
    • 67549085134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection: Clinical manifestations and treatment with steroids
    • Tan K. Roda R. Ostrow L. McArthur J. Nath A. (2009) PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection: Clinical manifestations and treatment with steroids. Neurology 72: 1458–1464.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 1458-1464
    • Tan, K.1    Roda, R.2    Ostrow, L.3    McArthur, J.4    Nath, A.5
  • 102
    • 0031768659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of JC virus load in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Taoufik Y. Gasnault J. Karaterki A. Ferey M. Marchadier E. Goujard C. et al. (1998) Prognostic value of JC virus load in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Infect Dis 178: 1816–1820.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 1816-1820
    • Taoufik, Y.1    Gasnault, J.2    Karaterki, A.3    Ferey, M.4    Marchadier, E.5    Goujard, C.6
  • 103
    • 0026540524 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of archetypal JC virus DNA in normal renal tissue derived from tumor-bearing patients
    • Tominaga T. Yogo Y. Kitamura T. Aso Y. (1992) Persistence of archetypal JC virus DNA in normal renal tissue derived from tumor-bearing patients. Virology 186: 736–741.
    • (1992) Virology , vol.186 , pp. 736-741
    • Tominaga, T.1    Yogo, Y.2    Kitamura, T.3    Aso, Y.4
  • 105
    • 84871186228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newsome SD. PML-IRIS in a patient treated with brentuximab
    • von Geldern G. Pardo C. Calabresi P. (2012) Newsome SD. PML-IRIS in a patient treated with brentuximab. Neurology 79: 2075–2077.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , pp. 2075-2077
    • von Geldern, G.1    Pardo, C.2    Calabresi, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.