Unraveling Quantum Annealers using Classical Hardness

Scientific Reports

Volumn 5, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Martin Mayor, Victor ^a,b   Hen, Itay ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZARAGOZA   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84945217641     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep15324     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Shor, P. W. Polynomial time-algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer. SIAM J. Comp. 26, 1484-1509 (1997).
2. Grover, L. K. Quantum mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 325-328 (1997).
3. Schlosshauer, M. Decoherence, the measurement problem, and interpretations of quantum mechanics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, 1267-1305 (2004).
4. Johnson, M. W. et al. Quantum annealing with manufactured spins. Nature 473, 194-198 (2011).
5. Albash, T., Boixo, S., Lidar, D. A., Zanardi, P. Quantum adiabatic markovian master equations. New Journal of Physics 14, 123016 (2012).
6. Lanting, T. et al. Entanglement in a quantum annealing processor. Phys. Rev. X 4, 021041 (2014).
7. Albash, T., Hen, I., Spedalieri, F. M., Lidar, D. A. Reexamination of the evidence for entanglement in the D-Wave processor. arXiv:1506.03539 (2015).
8. Smolin, J. A., Smith, G. Classical signature of quantum annealing. arXiv:1305.4904 (2013).
9. Shin, S. W., Smith, G., Smolin, J. A., Vazirani, U. How "quantum" is the D-Wave machine? arXiv:1401.7087 (2014).
10. I. Hen et al. Probing for quantum speedup in spin glass problems with planted solutions. arXiv:1502.01663 (2015).
11. Ronnow, T. F. et al. Defining and detecting quantum speedup. Science 345, 420-424 (2014).
12. Boixo, S. et al. Evidence for quantum annealing with more than one hundred qubits. Nat Phys 10, 218-224 (2014).
13. Young, A. P. Spin Glasses and Random Fields (World Scientific. Singapore, 1998).
14. Belletti, F. et al. (Janus Collaboration). Simulating spin systems on IANUS, an FPGA-based computer. Comp. Phys. Comm. 178, 208-216 (2008).
15. Belletti, F. et al. (Janus Collaboration). Janus: An FPGA-based system for high-performance scientific computing. Computing in Science and Engineering 11, 48-58 (2009).
16. Baity-Jesi, M. et al. (Janus Collaboration). Janus II: a new generation application-driven computer for spin-system simulations. Comp. Phys. Comm 185, 550-559 (2014).
17. Hukushima, K., Nemoto, K. Exchange monte carlo method and application to spin glass simulations. J. Phys. Soc. Japan 65, 1604-1608 (1996).
18. Marinari, E. In Advances in Computer Simulation (eds. Kertész, J., Kondor, I.), 50-81 (Springer-Verlag, 1998).
19. Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt Jr., C. D., Vecchi, M. P. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science 220, 671-680 (1983).
20. Sokal, A. In Functional Integration: Basics and Applications (eds. DeWitt-Morette, C., Cartier, P., Folacci, A.), 131-192 (Plenum, 1997).
21. Fernandez, L. A. et al. Phase transition in the three dimensional Heisenberg spin glass: Finite-size scaling analysis. Phys. Rev. B 80, 024422 (2009).
22. Alvarez Banõs, R. et al. (Janus Collaboration). Nature of the spin-glass phase at experimental length scales. J. Stat. Mech. 2010, P06026 (2010).
23. Fernandez, L. A., Martin-Mayor, V., Parisi, G., Seoane, B. Temperature chaos in 3d Ising spin glasses is driven by rare events. EPL 103, 67003 (2013).
24. McKay, S. R., Berker, A. N., Kirkpatrick, S. Spin-glass behavior in frustrated Ising models with chaotic renormalization-group trajectories. Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 767-770 (1982).
25. Bray, A. J., Moore, M. A. Chaotic nature of the spin-glass phase. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 57-60 (1987).
26. Banavar, J. R., Bray, A. J. Chaos in spin glasses: A renormalization-group study. Phys. Rev. B 35, 8888-8890 (1987).
27. Kondor, I. On chaos in spin glasses. J. Phys. A 22, L163-L168 (1989).
28. Kondor, I., Végsö, A. Sensitivity of spin-glass order to temperature changes. J. Phys. A 26, L641-L646 (1993).
29. Billoire, A., Marinari, E. Evidence against temperature chaos in mean-field and realistic spin glasses. J. Phys. A 33, L265-L272 (2000).
30. Rizzo, T. Against chaos in temperature in mean-field spin-glass models. J. Phys. 34, 5531-5549 (2001).
31. Mulet, R., Pagnani, A., Parisi, G. Against temperature chaos in naive thouless-anderson-palmer equations. Phys. Rev. B 63, 184438 (2001).
32. Billoire, A., Marinari, E. Overlap among states at different temperatures in the sk model. Europhys. Lett. 60, 775-781 (2002).
33. Krzakala, F., Martin, O. C. Chaotic temperature dependence in a model of spin glasses. Eur. Phys. J. 28, 199-208 (2002).
34. Rizzo, T., Crisanti, A. Chaos in temperature in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 137201 (2003).
35. Parisi, G., Rizzo, T. Chaos in temperature in diluted mean-field spin-glass. J. Phys. A 43, 235003 (2010).
36. Sasaki, M., Hukushima, K., Yoshino, H., Takayama, H. Temperature chaos and bond chaos in Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glasses: Domain-wall free-energy measurements. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 267203 (2005).
37. Katzgraber, H. G., Krzakala, F. Temperature and disorder chaos in three-dimensional Ising spin glasses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 017201 (2007).
38. Billoire, A. Rare events analysis of temperature chaos in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. J. Stat. Mech. 2014, P04016 (2014).
39. Thomas, C. K., Huse, D. A., Middleton, A. A. Zero and low temperature behavior of the two-dimensional '} j Ising spin glass. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 047203 (2011).
40. Katzgraber, H. G., Hamze, F., Andrist, R. S. Glassy chimeras could be blind to quantum speedup: Designing better benchmarks for quantum annealing machines. Phys. Rev. X 4, 021008 (2014).
41. Hamze, F., de Freitas, N. From fields to trees. arXiv:1207.4149 (2012).
42. Selby, A. Efficient subgraph-based sampling of Ising-type models with frustration. arXiv:1409.3934 (2014).
43. Hen, I., Young, A. P. Exponential complexity of the quantum adiabatic algorithm for certain satisfiability problems. Phys. Rev. E. 84, 061152 (2011).
44. Farhi, E. et al. Performance of the quantum adiabatic algorithm on random instances of two optimization problems on regular hypergraphs. Phys. Rev. A 86, 052334 (2012).
45. Cugliandolo, L. F., Kurchan, J., Peliti, L. Energy flow, partial equilibration, and effective temperatures in systems with slow dynamics. Phys. Rev. E 55, 3898-3914 (1997).
46. Nifle, M., Hilhorst, H. J. New critical-point exponent and new scaling laws for short-range Ising spin glasses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2992-2995 (1992).
47. Ney-Nifle, M. Chaos and universality in a four-dimensional spin glass. Phys. Rev. B 57, 492-496 (1998).
48. Krzakala, F., Bouchaud, J. P. Disorder chaos in spin glasses. Europhys. Lett. 72, 472-478 (2005).
49. Pudenz, K. L., Albash, T., Lidar, D. A. Error-corrected quantum annealing with hundreds of qubits. Nature Communications 5, 3243 (2014).