Electronic cigarettes What should you tell your patients?

Medicine Today

Volumn 16, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 26-32

  Mendelsohn, Colin P ^a   Gartner, Coral ^b  

^a University of Sydney   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NICOTINE;

AUSTRALIA; COUNSELING; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; HARM REDUCTION; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; PATIENT SAFETY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION;

EID: 84945176581     PISSN: 1443430X     EISSN: 22030794     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Farsalinos KE, Romagna G, Tsiapras D, et al. Characteristics, perceived side effects and benefits of electronic cigarette use: a worldwide survey of more than 19, 000 consumers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11: 4356-4373.
2. Etter JF, Bullen C. Electronic cigarette: users profile, utilization, satisfaction and perceived efficacy. Addiction 2011; 106: 2017-2028.
3. Adkison SA, O'Connor J, Bansal-Travers M, et al. Electronic nicotine delivery systems. International tobacco control four-country survey. Am J Prev Med 2013; 44: 207-215.
4. Yong HH, Borland R, Balmford J, et al. Trends in e-cigarette awareness, trial, and use under the different regulatory environments of Australia and the United Kingdom. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17: 1203-1211.
5. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. National Drug Strategy Household Survey detailed report 2013. Drug statistics series no. 28. Cat. no. PHE 183. Canberra: AIHW; 2014.
6. Farsalinos KE, Polosa R. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2014; 5: 67-86.
7. West R, Brown J. Smoking Toolkit Study. Smoking in England. Monthly tracking of key performance indicators (last updated 4 September 2015). Available online at: www.smokinginengland.info/latest-statistics/(accessed October 2015).
8. Hajek P. Electronic cigarettes have a potential for huge public health benefit. BMC Med 2014; 12: 225.
9. Chapman S. Should electronic cigarettes be as freely available as tobacco cigarettes? No. BMJ 2013; 346: f3840.
10. Zhu SH, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, et al. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tob Control 2014; 23 Suppl 3: iii3-9.
11. Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes: a scientific review. Circulation 2014; 129: 1972-1986.
12. Talih S, Balhas Z, Eissenberg T, et al. Effects of user puff topography, device voltage, and liquid nicotine concentration on electronic cigarette nicotine yield: measurements and model predictions. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17: 150-157.
13. Farsalinos KE, Spyrou A, Tsimopoulou K, et al. Nicotine absorption from electronic cigarette use: comparison between first and new-generation devices. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 4133.
14. Hajek P, Goniewicz ML, Phillips A, et al. Nicotine intake from electronic cigarettes on initial use and after 4 weeks of regular use. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17: 175-179.
15. Lee YH, Gawron M, Goniewicz ML. Changes in puffing behavior among smokers who switched from tobacco to electronic cigarettes. Addict Behav 2015; 48: 1-4.
16. Foulds J, Veldheer S, Yingst J, et al. Development of a questionnaire for assessing dependence on electronic cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smoking e-cigarette users. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17: 186-192.
17. McRobbie H, Bullen C, Hartmann-Boyce J, Hajek P. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 12: CD010216.
18. Lechner WV, Meier E, Wiener JL, et al. The comparative efficacy of first-versus second-generation electronic cigarettes in reducing symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. Addiction 2015; 110: 862-867.
19. Hitchman SC, Brose LS, Brown J, Robson D, McNeill A. Associations between e-cigarette type, frequency of use, and quitting smoking: findings from a longitudinal online panel survey in Great Britain. Nicotine Tob Res 2015 Apr 20; pii: ntv078.
20. Rahman MA, Hann N, Wilson A, et al. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0122544.
21. Brown J, Beard E, Kotz D, et al. Real-world effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional population study. Addiction 2014; 109: 1531-1540.
22. Biener L, Hargraves JL. A longitudinal study of electronic cigarette use among a population-based sample of adult smokers: association with smoking cessation and motivation to quit. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17: 127-133.
23. Bullen C, Howe C, Laugesen M, et al. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2013; 382: 1629-1637.
24. Caponnetto P, Campagna D, Cibella F, et al. EffiCiency and Safety of an eLectronic cigAreTte (ECLAT) as tobacco cigarettes substitute: a prospective 12-month randomized control design study. PLoS One 2013; 8: e66317.
25. Polosa R, Morjaria JB, Caponnetto P, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of electronic cigarette in real-life: a 24-month prospective observational study. Intern Emerg Med 2014; 9: 537-546.
26. Berg CJ, Barr DB, Stratton E, et al. Attitudes toward e-cigarettes, reasons for initiating e-cigarette use, and changes in smoking behavior after initiation: a pilot longitudinal study of regular cigarette smokers. Open J Prev Med 2014; 4: 789-800.
27. Polosa R, Morjaria J, Caponnetto P, et al. Effect of smoking abstinence and reduction in asthmatic smokers switching to electronic cigarettes: evidence for harm reversal. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11: 4965-4977.
28. McRobbie H, Phillips A, Goniewicz ML, et al. Effects of switching to electronic cigarettes with and without concurrent smoking on exposure to nicotine, carbon monoxide, and acrolein. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8: 873-878.
29. Saitta D, Ferro GA, Polosa R. Achieving appropriate regulations for electronic cigarettes. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2014; 5: 50-61.
30. Murray RP, Bailey WC, Daniels K, et al. Safety of nicotine polacrilex gum used by 3, 094 participants in the Lung Health Study. Lung Health Study Research Group. Chest 1996; 109: 438-445.
31. Foulds J, Ramstrom L, Burke M, Fagerstrom K. Effect of smokeless tobacco (snus) on smoking and public health in Sweden. Tob Control 2003; 12: 349-359.
32. England LJ, Bunnell RE, Pechacek TF, Tong V T, McAfee TA. Nicotine and the developing human: a neglected element in the electronic cigarette debate. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49: 286-293.
33. Hajek P, Etter JF, Benowitz N, et al. Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. Addiction 2014; 109: 1801-1810.
34. Oh AY, Kacker A. Do electronic cigarettes impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional tobacco cigarettes? Review on E-cigarette vapor versus tobacco smoke. Laryngoscope 2014; 124: 2702-2706.
35. Nutt DJ, Phillips LD, Balfour D, et al. Estimating the harms of nicotine-containing products using the MCDA approach. Eur Addict Res 2014; 20: 218-225.
36. McNeill A, Brose LS, Calder R, Hitchman SC, Hajek P, McRobbie H. E-cigarettes: an evidence update. A report commissioned by Public Health England. PHE publications gateway number: 2015260. London: Public Health England; 2015. Available online at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/e-cigarettes-an-evidence-update (accessed September 2015).
37. Callahan-Lyon P. Electronic cigarettes: human health effects. Tob Control 2014; 23 Suppl 2: ii36-40.
38. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control 2014; 23: 133-139.
39. Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Kotandeniya D, et al. Evaluation of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites in the urine of e-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17: 704-709.
40. Farsalinos KE, Kistler KA, Gillman G, Voudris V. Evaluation of electronic cigarette liquids and aerosol for the presence of selected inhalation toxins. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17: 168-174.
41. Flouris AD, Poulianiti K P, Chorti MS, et al. Acute effects of electronic and tobacco cigarette smoking on complete blood count. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50: 3600-3603.
42. Flouris AD, Chorti MS, Poulianiti K P, et al. Acute impact of active and passive electronic cigarette smoking on serum cotinine and lung function. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25: 91-101.
43. Farsalinos KE, Tsiapras D, Kyrzopoulos S, et al. Acute effects of using an electronic nicotine-delivery device (electronic cigarette) on myocardial function: comparison with the effects of regular cigarettes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14: 78.
44. Burstyn I. Peering through the mist: systematic review of what the chemistry of contaminants in electronic cigarettes tells us about health risks. BMC Public Health 2014; 14: 18.
45. McAuley TR, Hopke PK, Zhao J, Babaian S. Comparison of the effects of e-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke on indoor air quality. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24: 850-857.
46. Czogala J, Goniewicz ML, Fidelus B, et al. Secondhand exposure to vapors from electronic cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 16: 655-662.
47. O'Connell G, Colard S, Cahours X, Pritchard JD. An assessment of indoor air quality before, during and after unrestricted use of e-cigarettes in a small room. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12: 4889-4907.
48. Douglas H, Hall W, Gartner C. E-cigarettes and the law in Australia. Aust Fam Physician 2015; 44: 415-418.
49. Pisinger C. Why public health people are more worried than excited over e-cigarettes. BMC Med 2014; 12: 226.
50. Etter JF. Commentary on Goniewicz et al. (2014): if wisely regulated, electronic cigarettes can make cigarettes obsolete. Addiction 2014; 109: 508-509.
51. Hall W, Gartner C, Forlini C. Ethical issues raised by a ban on the sale of electronic nicotine devices. Addiction 2015; 110: 1061-1067.
52. Polosa R, Caponnetto P. Regulation of e-cigarettes: the users' perspective. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1: e26.
53. Blaser J, Cornuz J. Experts' consensus on use of electronic cigarettes: a Delphi survey from Switzerland. BMJ Open 2015; 5: e007197.
54. Zwar N, Richmond R, Borland R, et al. Supporting smoking cessation: a guide for health professionals. Melbourne: Royal Australian College of General Practitioners; 2014. Available online at: http://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/guidelines/smoking-cessation (accessed October 2015).
55. Australian Association of Smoking Cessation Professionals. E-cigarette information sheet. Sydney: AASCP; 2014. Available online at: http://www. aascp.org.au (accessed October 2015).
56. Bhatnagar A, Whitsel L P, Ribisl KM, et al. Electronic cigarettes: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 130: 1418-1436.
57. Caponnetto P, Cibella F, Mancuso S, et al. Effect of a nicotine-free inhalator as part of a smoking-cessation programme. Eur Respir J 2011; 38: 1005-1011.
58. Royal Society for Public Health. Stopping smoking by using other sources of nicotine. London: RSPH; 2015. Available online at: http://www.rsph.org.uk (accessed October 2015).
59. Polosa R, Rodu B, Caponnetto P, et al. A fresh look at tobacco harm reduction: the case for the electronic cigarette. Harm Reduct J 2013; 10: 19.