메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 161, Issue , 2016, Pages 425-436

Optimal and rule-based control strategies for energy flexibility in buildings with PV

Author keywords

Demand side management; Energy storage; Intelligent building; Photovoltaics; Prosumer; System control

Indexed keywords

COMMERCE; COSTS; DIGITAL STORAGE; ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE; ELECTRIC UTILITIES; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; ENERGY STORAGE; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; HEAT STORAGE; HEATING; INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS;

EID: 84944710588     PISSN: 03062619     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.036     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (211)

References (79)
  • 5
    • 84893810819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handling renewable energy variability and uncertainty in power systems operation
    • Bessa R., Moreira C., Silva B., Matos M. Handling renewable energy variability and uncertainty in power systems operation. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Energy Environ 2014, 3:156-178.
    • (2014) Wiley Interdiscip Rev Energy Environ , vol.3 , pp. 156-178
    • Bessa, R.1    Moreira, C.2    Silva, B.3    Matos, M.4
  • 7
    • 84877795179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind integration: experience, issues, and challenges
    • Holttinen H. Wind integration: experience, issues, and challenges. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Energy Environ 2012, 1:243-255.
    • (2012) Wiley Interdiscip Rev Energy Environ , vol.1 , pp. 243-255
    • Holttinen, H.1
  • 8
    • 84927910595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing electricity markets for a high penetration of variable renewables
    • Riesz J., Milligan M. Designing electricity markets for a high penetration of variable renewables. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Energy Environ 2015, 4:279-289.
    • (2015) Wiley Interdiscip Rev Energy Environ , vol.4 , pp. 279-289
    • Riesz, J.1    Milligan, M.2
  • 9
    • 84923800917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity
    • Lund P.D., Lindgren J., Mikkola J., Salpakari J. Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2015, 45:785-807.
    • (2015) Renew Sustain Energy Rev , vol.45 , pp. 785-807
    • Lund, P.D.1    Lindgren, J.2    Mikkola, J.3    Salpakari, J.4
  • 10
    • 84929323770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing thermal plant flexibility in a high renewables power system
    • Kubik M.L., Coker P.J., Barlow J.F. Increasing thermal plant flexibility in a high renewables power system. Appl Energy 2015, 154:102-111. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.063.
    • (2015) Appl Energy , vol.154 , pp. 102-111
    • Kubik, M.L.1    Coker, P.J.2    Barlow, J.F.3
  • 11
    • 77953140118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of demand-side management in the grid integration of wind power
    • Moura P.S., de Almeida A.T. The role of demand-side management in the grid integration of wind power. Appl Energy 2010, 87:2581-2588. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.03.019.
    • (2010) Appl Energy , vol.87 , pp. 2581-2588
    • Moura, P.S.1    de Almeida, A.T.2
  • 12
    • 84911921071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capability of smart appliances to provide reserve services
    • Nistor S., Wu J., Sooriyabandara M., Ekanayake J. Capability of smart appliances to provide reserve services. Appl Energy 2014, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.011.
    • (2014) Appl Energy
    • Nistor, S.1    Wu, J.2    Sooriyabandara, M.3    Ekanayake, J.4
  • 13
    • 84918811132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible demand in the GB domestic electricity sector in 2030
    • Drysdale B., Wu J., Jenkins N. Flexible demand in the GB domestic electricity sector in 2030. Appl Energy 2014, 139:281-290. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.013.
    • (2014) Appl Energy , vol.139 , pp. 281-290
    • Drysdale, B.1    Wu, J.2    Jenkins, N.3
  • 14
    • 80052263188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling storage and demand management in power distribution grids
    • Schroeder A. Modeling storage and demand management in power distribution grids. Appl Energy 2011, 88:4700-4712. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.008.
    • (2011) Appl Energy , vol.88 , pp. 4700-4712
    • Schroeder, A.1
  • 15
    • 84863424815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban energy systems with smart multi-carrier energy networks and renewable energy generation
    • Niemi R., Mikkola J., Lund P.D. Urban energy systems with smart multi-carrier energy networks and renewable energy generation. Renew Energy 2012, 48:524-536.
    • (2012) Renew Energy , vol.48 , pp. 524-536
    • Niemi, R.1    Mikkola, J.2    Lund, P.D.3
  • 16
    • 84944679499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart energy system design for large clean power schemes in urban areas
    • Lund P.D., Mikkola J., Ypyä J. Smart energy system design for large clean power schemes in urban areas. J Clean Prod 2015, 103:437-445.
    • (2015) J Clean Prod , vol.103 , pp. 437-445
    • Lund, P.D.1    Mikkola, J.2    Ypyä, J.3
  • 17
    • 84954387297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clean energy systems as mainstream energy options
    • Lund P.D. Clean energy systems as mainstream energy options. Int J Energy Res 2015, 10.1002/er.3283.
    • (2015) Int J Energy Res
    • Lund, P.D.1
  • 18
    • 84866987710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale urban renewable electricity schemes - integration and interfacing aspects
    • Lund P. Large-scale urban renewable electricity schemes - integration and interfacing aspects. Energy Convers Manag 2012, 63:162-172.
    • (2012) Energy Convers Manag , vol.63 , pp. 162-172
    • Lund, P.1
  • 19
    • 84948794426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing the share of PV by a factor of 2-3 over the self-use limit through urban electricity-to-thermal conversion schemes
    • Energynautics GmbH, London, U. Betancourt, T. Ackermann (Eds.)
    • Lund P.D., Mikkola J. Increasing the share of PV by a factor of 2-3 over the self-use limit through urban electricity-to-thermal conversion schemes. Proc 3rd int work integr sol power into power syst 2013, Energynautics GmbH, London. U. Betancourt, T. Ackermann (Eds.).
    • (2013) Proc 3rd int work integr sol power into power syst
    • Lund, P.D.1    Mikkola, J.2
  • 20
    • 84944686531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing the solar share through smart matching of PV, load and energy infrastructure in urban context
    • Energynautics GmbH, Berlin, U. Betancourt, T. Ackermann (Eds.)
    • Mikkola J., Salpakari J., Ypyä J., Lund P. Increasing the solar share through smart matching of PV, load and energy infrastructure in urban context. Proc 4th int work integr sol power into power syst 2014, 75-81. Energynautics GmbH, Berlin. U. Betancourt, T. Ackermann (Eds.).
    • (2014) Proc 4th int work integr sol power into power syst , pp. 75-81
    • Mikkola, J.1    Salpakari, J.2    Ypyä, J.3    Lund, P.4
  • 21
    • 80053331204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat pumps and energy storage - the challenges of implementation
    • Hewitt N.J. Heat pumps and energy storage - the challenges of implementation. Appl Energy 2012, 89:37-44. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.028.
    • (2012) Appl Energy , vol.89 , pp. 37-44
    • Hewitt, N.J.1
  • 22
    • 84910095570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential for increased wind-generated electricity utilization using heat pumps in urban areas
    • Waite M., Modi V. Potential for increased wind-generated electricity utilization using heat pumps in urban areas. Appl Energy 2014, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.059.
    • (2014) Appl Energy
    • Waite, M.1    Modi, V.2
  • 23
    • 80755184619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards an intermittency-friendly energy system: comparing electric boilers and heat pumps in distributed cogeneration
    • Blarke M.B. Towards an intermittency-friendly energy system: comparing electric boilers and heat pumps in distributed cogeneration. Appl Energy 2012, 91:349-365. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.09.038.
    • (2012) Appl Energy , vol.91 , pp. 349-365
    • Blarke, M.B.1
  • 25
    • 84875689316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved low voltage grid-integration of photovoltaic systems in Germany
    • 1-1
    • Stetz T., Marten F., Braun M. Improved low voltage grid-integration of photovoltaic systems in Germany. 2013 IEEE Power Energy Soc Gen Meet 2013, 4. 1-1.
    • (2013) 2013 IEEE Power Energy Soc Gen Meet , vol.4
    • Stetz, T.1    Marten, F.2    Braun, M.3
  • 26
    • 84855259269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse gas emission savings of ground source heat pump systems in Europe: a review
    • Bayer P., Saner D., Bolay S., Rybach L., Blum P. Greenhouse gas emission savings of ground source heat pump systems in Europe: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2012, 16:1256-1267.
    • (2012) Renew Sustain Energy Rev , vol.16 , pp. 1256-1267
    • Bayer, P.1    Saner, D.2    Bolay, S.3    Rybach, L.4    Blum, P.5
  • 27
    • 84858001883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of the art of thermal storage for demand-side management
    • Arteconi A., Hewitt N.J., Polonara F. State of the art of thermal storage for demand-side management. Appl Energy 2012, 93:371-389.
    • (2012) Appl Energy , vol.93 , pp. 371-389
    • Arteconi, A.1    Hewitt, N.J.2    Polonara, F.3
  • 28
    • 84876094436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of electrical energy storage technologies
    • Ferreira H.L., Garde R., Fulli G., Kling W., Lopes J.P. Characterisation of electrical energy storage technologies. Energy 2013, 53:288-298.
    • (2013) Energy , vol.53 , pp. 288-298
    • Ferreira, H.L.1    Garde, R.2    Fulli, G.3    Kling, W.4    Lopes, J.P.5
  • 29
    • 84925719846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles
    • Nykvist B., Nilsson M. Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles. Nat Clim Chang 2015, 5:100-103.
    • (2015) Nat Clim Chang , vol.5 , pp. 100-103
    • Nykvist, B.1    Nilsson, M.2
  • 30
    • 84942076940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study on the energy management in domestic micro-grids based on model predictive control strategies
    • Bruni G., Cordiner S., Mulone V., Rocco V., Spagnolo F. A study on the energy management in domestic micro-grids based on model predictive control strategies. Energy Convers Manag 2015, 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.01.067.
    • (2015) Energy Convers Manag
    • Bruni, G.1    Cordiner, S.2    Mulone, V.3    Rocco, V.4    Spagnolo, F.5
  • 31
    • 84923699167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal switching renewable energy system for demand side management
    • Wu Z., Xia X. Optimal switching renewable energy system for demand side management. Sol Energy 2015, 114:278-288.
    • (2015) Sol Energy , vol.114 , pp. 278-288
    • Wu, Z.1    Xia, X.2
  • 32
    • 33746449324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model-based control of renewable energy systems in buildings
    • Zhang Y., Hanby V. Model-based control of renewable energy systems in buildings. HVAC&R Res 2006, 12:739-760.
    • (2006) HVAC&R Res , vol.12 , pp. 739-760
    • Zhang, Y.1    Hanby, V.2
  • 33
    • 84911917583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MPC-based optimal scheduling of grid-connected low energy buildings with thermal energy storages
    • Zhao Y., Lu Y., Yan C., Wang S. MPC-based optimal scheduling of grid-connected low energy buildings with thermal energy storages. Energy Build 2014, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.019.
    • (2014) Energy Build
    • Zhao, Y.1    Lu, Y.2    Yan, C.3    Wang, S.4
  • 34
    • 84911919162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effective and comfort-aware residential energy management under different pricing schemes and weather conditions
    • Anvari-Moghaddam A., Monsef H., Rahimi-Kian A. Cost-effective and comfort-aware residential energy management under different pricing schemes and weather conditions. Energy Build 2014, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.017.
    • (2014) Energy Build
    • Anvari-Moghaddam, A.1    Monsef, H.2    Rahimi-Kian, A.3
  • 35
    • 84921518001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal electrical and thermal energy management of a residential energy hub, integrating demand response and energy storage system
    • Brahman F., Honarmand M., Jadid S. Optimal electrical and thermal energy management of a residential energy hub, integrating demand response and energy storage system. Energy Build 2014, 90:65-75.
    • (2014) Energy Build , vol.90 , pp. 65-75
    • Brahman, F.1    Honarmand, M.2    Jadid, S.3
  • 36
    • 84907420279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization models and methods for demand-side management of residential users: a survey
    • Barbato A., Capone A. Optimization models and methods for demand-side management of residential users: a survey. Energies 2014, 7:5787-5824.
    • (2014) Energies , vol.7 , pp. 5787-5824
    • Barbato, A.1    Capone, A.2
  • 37
    • 84880267832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis and solution for renewable energy load matching for a single-family house
    • Cao S., Hasan A., Sirén K. Analysis and solution for renewable energy load matching for a single-family house. Energy Build 2013, 65:398-411.
    • (2013) Energy Build , vol.65 , pp. 398-411
    • Cao, S.1    Hasan, A.2    Sirén, K.3
  • 38
    • 84934780474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing PV self-consumption, domestic energy autonomy and grid compatibility of PV systems using heat-pumps, thermal storage and battery storage
    • Frankfurt, Germany
    • Binder J, Williams CO, Kelm T. Increasing PV self-consumption, domestic energy autonomy and grid compatibility of PV systems using heat-pumps, thermal storage and battery storage. In: Proc 27th Eur photovolt sol energy conf exhib, Frankfurt, Germany; 2012. p. 4030-4.
    • (2012) Proc 27th Eur photovolt sol energy conf exhib , pp. 4030-4034
    • Binder, J.1    Williams, C.O.2    Kelm, T.3
  • 40
    • 84919807993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grid impact indicators for active building simulations
    • Verbruggen B., Driesen J. Grid impact indicators for active building simulations. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 2015, 6:43-50.
    • (2015) IEEE Trans Sustain Energy , vol.6 , pp. 43-50
    • Verbruggen, B.1    Driesen, J.2
  • 41
    • 71249115765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Options for improving the load matching capability of distributed photovoltaics: methodology and application to high-latitude data
    • Widén J., Wäckelgård E., Lund P.D. Options for improving the load matching capability of distributed photovoltaics: methodology and application to high-latitude data. Sol Energy 2009, 83:1953-1966.
    • (2009) Sol Energy , vol.83 , pp. 1953-1966
    • Widén, J.1    Wäckelgård, E.2    Lund, P.D.3
  • 42
    • 84926422186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photovoltaic grid stabilization system using second life lithium battery
    • Kootstra M.a., Tong S., Park J.W. Photovoltaic grid stabilization system using second life lithium battery. Int J Energy Res 2015, 10.1002/er.3310.
    • (2015) Int J Energy Res
    • Kootstra, M.1    Tong, S.2    Park, J.W.3
  • 43
    • 84921375090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photovoltaic self-consumption in buildings: a review
    • Luthander R., Widén J., Nilsson D., Palm J. Photovoltaic self-consumption in buildings: a review. Appl Energy 2015, 142:80-94.
    • (2015) Appl Energy , vol.142 , pp. 80-94
    • Luthander, R.1    Widén, J.2    Nilsson, D.3    Palm, J.4
  • 44
    • 84945494853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust optimization for load scheduling of a smart home with photovoltaic system
    • Wang C., Zhou Y., Jiao B., Wang Y., Liu W., Wang D. Robust optimization for load scheduling of a smart home with photovoltaic system. Energy Convers Manag 2015, 1-11.
    • (2015) Energy Convers Manag , pp. 1-11
    • Wang, C.1    Zhou, Y.2    Jiao, B.3    Wang, Y.4    Liu, W.5    Wang, D.6
  • 45
    • 84864586391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal power management of residential customers in the smart grid
    • Guo Y., Pan M., Fang Y. Optimal power management of residential customers in the smart grid. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 2012, 23:1593-1606.
    • (2012) IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst , vol.23 , pp. 1593-1606
    • Guo, Y.1    Pan, M.2    Fang, Y.3
  • 46
    • 84905471399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the benefits of a solar home energy management system: impacts on photovoltaic power production value and grid interaction
    • France
    • Widén J, Munkhammar J. Evaluating the benefits of a solar home energy management system: impacts on photovoltaic power production value and grid interaction. In: Proc eceee 2013 summer study, Presqu'île de Giens, France; 2013. p. 1223-33.
    • (2013) Proc eceee 2013 summer study, Presqu'île de Giens , pp. 1223-1233
    • Widén, J.1    Munkhammar, J.2
  • 47
    • 84899546512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved photovoltaic self-consumption with appliance scheduling in 200 single-family buildings
    • Widén J. Improved photovoltaic self-consumption with appliance scheduling in 200 single-family buildings. Appl Energy 2014, 126:199-212.
    • (2014) Appl Energy , vol.126 , pp. 199-212
    • Widén, J.1
  • 49
    • 84896533900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal charge control strategies for stationary photovoltaic battery systems
    • Li J., Danzer M.a. Optimal charge control strategies for stationary photovoltaic battery systems. J Power Sources 2014, 258:365-373.
    • (2014) J Power Sources , vol.258 , pp. 365-373
    • Li, J.1    Danzer, M.2
  • 50
    • 84893199614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capacity-dependent tariffs and residential energy management for photovoltaic storage systems
    • IEEE, Vancouver, BC
    • Schreiber M., Hochloff P. Capacity-dependent tariffs and residential energy management for photovoltaic storage systems. IEEE power energy soc gen meet 2013, 1-5. IEEE, Vancouver, BC.
    • (2013) IEEE power energy soc gen meet , pp. 1-5
    • Schreiber, M.1    Hochloff, P.2
  • 51
    • 84944700774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model predictive control schemes for PV storage systems to increase grid compatibiltiy and optimize energy costs
    • Matthiss B, Müller D, Binder J, Pietruschka D. Model predictive control schemes for PV storage systems to increase grid compatibiltiy and optimize energy costs. EU PVSEC Proc; 2014. p. 3581-6.
    • (2014) EU PVSEC Proc , pp. 3581-3586
    • Matthiss, B.1    Müller, D.2    Binder, J.3    Pietruschka, D.4
  • 52
    • 84926520369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of grid interaction indicators in net zero-energy buildings with sub-hourly collected data
    • Salom J., Widén J., Candanedo J., Lindberg K.B. Analysis of grid interaction indicators in net zero-energy buildings with sub-hourly collected data. Adv Build Energy Res 2015, 9:89-106.
    • (2015) Adv Build Energy Res , vol.9 , pp. 89-106
    • Salom, J.1    Widén, J.2    Candanedo, J.3    Lindberg, K.B.4
  • 53
    • 84900822995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of simulation time-resolution on the matching of PV production and household electric demand
    • Cao S., Sirén K. Impact of simulation time-resolution on the matching of PV production and household electric demand. Appl Energy 2014, 128:192-208. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.075.
    • (2014) Appl Energy , vol.128 , pp. 192-208
    • Cao, S.1    Sirén, K.2
  • 54
    • 48649097007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of design and thermal inertia on the energy saving potential of capacity controlled heat pump heating systems
    • Karlsson F., Fahlén P. Impact of design and thermal inertia on the energy saving potential of capacity controlled heat pump heating systems. Int J Refrig 2008, 31:1094-1103.
    • (2008) Int J Refrig , vol.31 , pp. 1094-1103
    • Karlsson, F.1    Fahlén, P.2
  • 56
    • 84855234478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of model predictive control and weather forecasts for energy efficient building climate control
    • Oldewurtel F., Parisio A., Jones C.N., Gyalistras D., Gwerder M., Stauch V., et al. Use of model predictive control and weather forecasts for energy efficient building climate control. Energy Build 2012, 45:15-27. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.09.022.
    • (2012) Energy Build , vol.45 , pp. 15-27
    • Oldewurtel, F.1    Parisio, A.2    Jones, C.N.3    Gyalistras, D.4    Gwerder, M.5    Stauch, V.6
  • 57
    • 84944700776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of new Danish hourly based net metering on the acceptable solar PV system cost
    • Paris, France
    • Kjær SB, Benz CH, Gonlazez A. Impact of new Danish hourly based net metering on the acceptable solar PV system cost. In: 28th Eur photovolt sol energy conf exhib, Paris, France; 2013. p. 4547-51.
    • (2013) 28th Eur photovolt sol energy conf exhib , pp. 4547-4551
    • Kjær, S.B.1    Benz, C.H.2    Gonlazez, A.3
  • 58
    • 84948794427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewal of statutes concerning accounting and metering of electricity deliveries
    • [accessed 01.09.15] [in Finnish].
    • Ministry of Employment and the Economy. Renewal of statutes concerning accounting and metering of electricity deliveries. Legis Initiat 2015. [accessed 01.09.15] [in Finnish]. https://www.tem.fi/ajankohtaista/vireilla/lainsaadantohankkeet/lainsaadantohankehaku?offset=1%26xmid=5417.
    • (2015) Legis Initiat
  • 59
    • 84944700778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 25.05.15] [in Finnish].
    • SENERA Oy. Ground heat; 2015. [accessed 25.05.15] [in Finnish]. http://www.senera.fi/Maalampo/.
    • (2015) Ground heat
  • 60
    • 0022048079 scopus 로고
    • Optimization of operating strategies in a community solar heating system
    • Forsström J., Lund P. Optimization of operating strategies in a community solar heating system. Appl Math Model 1985, 9:117-124.
    • (1985) Appl Math Model , vol.9 , pp. 117-124
    • Forsström, J.1    Lund, P.2
  • 64
    • 84911902466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 30.05.14].
    • Finnish Meteorological Institute. The Finnish Meteorological Institute's open data; 2014. [accessed 30.05.14]. https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/open-data.
    • (2014) The Finnish Meteorological Institute's open data
  • 65
    • 84910058320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 09.04.14].
    • Nord Pool Spot; 2014. [accessed 09.04.14]. http://www.nordpoolspot.com/.
    • (2014) Nord Pool Spot
  • 66
    • 84944700780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 01.07.14] [in Finnish].
    • Fortum. Fortum Tarkka - electricity price; 2014. [accessed 01.07.14] [in Finnish]. http://www.fortum.com/countries/fi/yksityisasiakkaat/hinnastot/sahkosopimuksen-hinta-tarkka/pages/default.aspx.
    • (2014) Fortum Tarkka - electricity price
  • 67
    • 84944700781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 17.04.15] [in Finnish].
    • Energy Authority. Electricity price statistics; 2015. [accessed 17.04.15] [in Finnish]. http://www.energiavirasto.fi/sahkon-hintatilastot.
    • (2015) Electricity price statistics
  • 68
    • 84944700782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 01.07.2014] [in Finnish].
    • Porvoon Energia. Electricity contracts valid until further notice; 2014. [accessed 01.07.2014] [in Finnish]. http://www.porvoonenergia.fi/fi/hinnastot/toistaiseksivoimassaolevatsahkosopimukset.
    • (2014) Electricity contracts valid until further notice
  • 69
    • 85021233380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 01.07.14] [in Finnish].
    • Tampereen Sähkölaitos. Electricity taxation tightened 1.1.2014; 2014. [accessed 01.07.14] [in Finnish]. https://www.tampereensahkolaitos.fi/yritysjaymparisto/ajankohtaista/Sivut/Sahkovero-kiristyi-1.1.2014.aspx.
    • (2014) Tampereen Sähkölaitos. Electricity taxation tightened 1.1.2014
  • 70
    • 84944700784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 01.07.14] [in Finnish].
    • Fortum. Fortum Lähisähkösopimus (self-produced electricity contract) prices; 2014. [accessed 01.07.14] [in Finnish]. http://www.fortum.com/countries/fi/yksityisasiakkaat/energiansaasto/sahkon-pientuotanto/hinnastot/pages/default.aspx.
    • (2014) Fortum Lähisähkösopimus (self-produced electricity contract) prices
  • 72
    • 84944700785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of building and solar energy systems into one predesign tool
    • Portoroz, Slovenia
    • Faninger-Lund H, Lund P. Integration of building and solar energy systems into one predesign tool. In: Proc Eurosun '98, Portoroz, Slovenia; 1998.
    • (1998) Proc Eurosun '98
    • Faninger-Lund, H.1    Lund, P.2
  • 73
    • 84944700786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALLSOL - Ein integratives simulationsprogramm für energiesysteme in Gebäuden
    • Gleisdorf, Austria
    • Lund P, Faninger-Lund H. ALLSOL - Ein integratives simulationsprogramm für energiesysteme in Gebäuden. In: Proc gleisd sol '98, Gleisdorf, Austria; 1998.
    • (1998) Proc gleisd sol '98
    • Lund, P.1    Faninger-Lund, H.2
  • 74
    • 84948794430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RET - single-family house definition
    • [in Finnish].
    • Laitinen A, Shemeikka J. RET - single-family house definition. Espoo; 2005 [in Finnish].
    • (2005) Espoo
    • Laitinen, A.1    Shemeikka, J.2
  • 75
    • 70349480962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European and Canadian non-HVAC Electric and DHW load profiles for use in simulating the performance of residential cogeneration systems
    • Knight I, Kreutzer N, Manning M, Swinton M, Ribberink H. European and Canadian non-HVAC Electric and DHW load profiles for use in simulating the performance of residential cogeneration systems. vol. 6; 2007.
    • (2007) , vol.6
    • Knight, I.1    Kreutzer, N.2    Manning, M.3    Swinton, M.4    Ribberink, H.5
  • 76
    • 84944700789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of residential households as enablers for demand flexibility within an electric grid
    • Master's thesis. Aalto University
    • Jalonen O. The role of residential households as enablers for demand flexibility within an electric grid. Master's thesis. Aalto University; 2014.
    • (2014)
    • Jalonen, O.1
  • 77
    • 84944700790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 25.06.15] [in Finnish].
    • Fortum. Fortum Aurinkopaketti (PV installation); 2015. [accessed 25.06.15] [in Finnish]. http://www.fortum.com/countries/fi/energiansaasto-ja-ratkaisut/aurinkopaneelit-aurinkopaketti/pages/default.aspx.
    • (2015) Fortum Aurinkopaketti (PV installation)
  • 79
    • 84944700791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 11.05.15].
    • NIBE Energy Systems Oy. [accessed 11.05.15]. http://www.nibe.fi/.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.