Greenhouse gas emission savings of ground source heat pump systems in Europe: A review

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 1256-1267

  Bayer, Peter ^a   Saner, Dominik ^a   Bolay, Stephan ^a   Rybach, Ladislaus ^b   Blum, Philipp ^c  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b GEOWATT AG   (Switzerland)

^c KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Geothermal energy; Greenhouse gases; GSHPs; Heating energy; Renewable energy

Indexed keywords

ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION; EMISSION SAVING; EUROPEAN COUNTRIES; GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP; GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; GSHPS; HEAT PUMPS; HEATING ENERGY; HEATING PRACTICE; MATURE MARKETS; RENEWABLE ENERGIES; RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES; SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES; SWITZERLAND;

CARBON DIOXIDE; ELECTRICITY; GAS EMISSIONS; GEOTHERMAL ENERGY; GREENHOUSE GASES; HEATING; POWER QUALITY; PUMPS;

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS;

EID: 84855259269     PISSN: 13640321     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.09.027     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. European Commission Decision no 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the effort of member states to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the community's greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020 Off J Eur Union 5 2009
2. European Commission. Europe 2020 - a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. COM(2010) 2020 final. 2010. p. 35.
3. European Commission. Conclusions of the Lisbon European Council. SN 100/00, 23-24 March, 2000.
4. European Commission. Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions energy efficiency plan 2011. COM/2011/0109 final 2011. p. 16.
5. European Commission. Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings. 2010.
6. I.B. Fridleifsson, R. Bertani, E. Huenges, J.W. Lund, A. Ragnarsson, and L. Rybach The possible role and contribution of geothermal energy to the mitigation of climate change 2008 IPCC Geothermal Lübeck, Germany p. 59-80
7. S. Hähnlein, N. Molina-Giraldo, P. Blum, P. Bayer, and P. Grathwohl Ausbreitung von Kältefahnen im Grundwasser bei Erdwärmesonden Grundwasser 15 2010 123 133
8. G.W. Huttrer Geothermal heat pumps: an increasingly successful technology Renew Energy 10 1997 481 488
9. L. Rybach The advance of geothermal heat pumps world-wide IEA Heat Pump Centre Newslett 23 2005 13 18
10. J.A Turner A realizable renewable energy future Science 285 1999 687 689
11. 2 payback-time assessment of a regional-scale heating and cooling system using a ground source heat-pump in a high energy-consumption area in Tokyo Appl Energy 71 2002 147 160 (Pubitemid 34276411)
12. H.H. Thorsteinsson, and J.W. Tester Barriers and enablers to geothermal district heating system development in the United States Energy Policy 38 2010 803 813
13. C. Yu Xing Research on low carbon city development Appl Mech Mater 52-54 2011 1953 1957
14. K. Zhu, P. Blum, G. Ferguson, K.-D. Balke, and P. Bayer The geothermal potential of urban heat islands Environ Res Lett 5 2010 044002
15. E. Heiskanen, R. Lovio, and M. Jalas Path creation for sustainable consumption: promoting alternative heating systems in Finland J. Cleaner Prod 19 16 2011 1892 1900
16. L. Hughes, and N. Chaudhry The challenge of meeting Canada's greenhouse gas reduction targets Energy Policy 39 2011 1352 1362
17. S. Schimschar, K. Blok, T. Boermans, and A. Hermelink Germany's path towards nearly zero-energy buildings - enabling the greenhouse gas mitigation potential in the building stock Energy Policy 39 6 2011 3346 3360
18. US DoE Energy efficiency and renewable energy, Geothermal Technologies Program 2004 U.S. Department of Energy
19. P. Blum, G. Campillo, and T. Kölbel Techno-economic and spatial analysis of vertical ground source heat pump systems in Germany Energy 36 2011 3002 3011
20. P.J. Boait, D. Fan, and A. Stafford Performance and control of domestic ground-source heat pumps in retrofit installations Energy Buildings 43 2011 1968 1976
21. S. Caird, and R. Roy Adoption and use of household microgeneration heat technologies Low Carbon Econ 1 2010 61 70
22. R. Curtis, J. Lund, B. Sanner, L. Rybach, and G. Hellström Ground source heat pumps - geothermal energy for anyone, anywhere: current worldwide activity World Geothermal Congress Antalya, Turkey 2005 24 29
23. K. Seyboth, L. Beurskens, O. Langniss, and R.E.H. Sims Recognising the potential for renewable energy heating and cooling Energy Policy 36 2008 2460 2463
24. 2 savings of ground source heat pump systems - a regional analysis Renew Energy 35 2010 122 127
25. S. Blumsack, J. Brownson, and L. Witmer Efficiency, economic and environmental assessment of ground-source heat pumps in Central Pennsylvania International Conference on System Sciences Hawaii, USA 2009
26. H. Esen, M. Inalli, and M. Esen Technoeconomic appraisal of a ground source heat pump system for a heating season in eastern Turkey Energy Convers Manage 47 2006 1281 1297 (Pubitemid 43220116)
27. K. Rafferty A capital cost comparison of commercial ground-source heat pump systems 1995 Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo Heat Center
28. D. Bristow, and C.A. Kennedy Potential of building-scale alternative energy to alleviate risk from the future price of energy Energy Policy 38 2010 1885 1894
29. EHPA EHPA action plan 2007 European Heat Pump Association
30. 2 emissions savings by GSHPs in Europe. Presented at the Workshop for Decision Makers on Direct Heating Use of Geothermal Resources in Asia. UNU-GTP, TBLRREM and TBGMED, Tianjin, China; 2008.
31. J.W. Lund, D.H. Freeston, and T.L. Boyd Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 Worldwide Review World Geothermal Conference Bali, Indonesia 2010 25 29
32. A.M. Omer Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications Renew Sustain Energy Rev 12 2008 344 371
33. M. Tholen, and S. Walker-Hertkorn Arbeitshilfen Geothermie - Grundlagen für oberflächennahe Erdwärmesondenbohrungen 2008 WVGW Wirtschafts- und Verlagsgesellschaft Gas und Wasser mbH
34. L. Rybach, and B. Sanner Ground-source heat pump systems - the European experience GHC Bull 21 2000 16 26
35. J.F. Urchueguía, M. Zacarés, J.M. Corberán, Á. Montero, J. Martos, and H. Witte Comparison between the energy performance of a ground coupled water to water heat pump system and an air to water heat pump system for heating and cooling in typical conditions of the European Mediterranean coast Energy Convers Manage. 49 2008 2917 2923
36. VDI Blatt 1: Thermische Nutzung des Untergrundes- Grundlagen, Genehmigungen, Umweltaspekte (Part 1: Thermal Use of the Underground - Fundamentals, Approvals, Environmental Aspects) 2010 Verein Deutscher Ingenieure
37. 2 that matters? A life cycle perspective on shallow geothermal systems Renew Sustain Energy Rev 14 2010 1798 1813
38. EHPA European heat pump statistics - Outlook 2009 2009 European Heat Pump Association p. 66
39. K. Bakirci Evaluation of the performance of a ground-source heat-pump system with series GHE (ground heat exchanger) in the cold climate region Energy 35 2010 3088 3096
40. P. Cui, H. Yang, and Z. Fang Numerical analysis and experimental validation of heat transfer in ground heat exchangers in alternative operation modes Energy Buildings 40 2008 1060 1066 (Pubitemid 351221203)
41. O. Ozgener, and A. Hepbasli Modeling and performance evaluation of ground source (geothermal) heat pump systems Energy Buildings 39 2007 66 75 (Pubitemid 44827567)
42. L. Rybach, W.J. Eugster, R.J. Hopkirk, and B. Kaelin Borehole heat exchangers: longterm operational characteristics of a decentral geothermal heating system Geothermics 21 1992 861 867
43. US EPA. Energy Star Program. Heating and cooling - geothermal heat pumps. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
44. G. Ferguson The use of particle tracking in the assessment of low temperature geothermal energy developments Geothermics 35 2006 44 58 (Pubitemid 43240089)
45. J. Hecht-Méndez, N. Molina-Giraldo, P. Blum, and P. Bayer Evaluating MT3DMS for heat transport simulation of closed geothermal systems Ground Water 45 2010 741 756
46. G. Hellström, and B. Sanner Earth energy designer. User's manual, version 2000 p. 2
47. S.P. Kavanaugh, K.D. Rafferty, and American Society of Heating R, Engineers A-C Ground-source heat pumps: design of geothermal systems for commercial and institutional buildings: American Society of Heating Refrig Air-Cond Eng 1997
48. T. Megel, E. Rohner, R. Wagner, and L. Rybach The use of the underground as a geothermal store for different heating and cooling needs World Geothermal Congress Nusa Dua/Bali, Indonesia, 2010 2010
49. J. Hanova, and H. Dowlatabadi Strategic GHG reduction through the use of ground source heat pump technology Environ Res Lett 2 2007 044001
50. D.P. Jenkins, R. Tucker, and R. Rawlings Modelling the carbon-saving performance of domestic ground-source heat pumps Energy Buildings 41 2009 587 595
51. 2 and atmospheric pollutant emissions in Piemonte, Italy Geothermics 38 2009 254 262
52. B. Rezaie, E. Esmailzadeh, and I. Dincer Renewable energy options for buildings: case studies Energy Buildings 43 2011 56 65
53. 2 emission mitigation by geothermal development - especially with geothermal heat pumps Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress Bali, Indonesia 2010 4
54. M. Forsén The European market for heat pumps: heat pump outlook 2011 4th EHPA European Heat Pump Forum London, UK 2011
55. B. Sanner, C. Karytsas, D. Mendrinos, and L. Rybach Current status of ground source heat pumps and underground thermal energy storage in Europe Geothermics 32 2003 579 588 (Pubitemid 37325783)
56. J.W. Lund, and D.H. Freeston World-wide direct uses of geothermal energy 2000 Geothermics 30 2001 29 68
57. J.W. Lund, D.H. Freeston, and T.L. Boyd Direct application of geothermal energy: 2005 worldwide review Geothermics 34 2005 691 727 (Pubitemid 41700297)
58. EurObserv'er Heat pump barometer (Baromtre Pompes Chaleur) Systmes Solaires - Le Journal Des Énergies Renouvelables 2009 193
59. IVT. Ground Source Heat Pumps. http://groundsourceheatpumps.co.uk/ [accessed 23.03.11].
60. C. Linkohr, F. Musiol, M. Ottmüller, and U. Zimmer Erneuerbare Energien in Zahlen - nationale und internationale Entwicklung 2009
61. Enerdata ODYSSEE database on energy efficiency data & indicators 2011 Enerdata Grenoble, FR
62. Swiss Federal Statistical Office. National register of buildings and dwellings. http://www.housing-stat.ch/ [accessed 23.03.11].
63. P. Hofer Der Energieverbrauch der privaten Haushalte 2000-2007 2008 Prognos Berne, CH
64. ISO. 14040: Environmental management - life cycle assessment - principles and framework. Geneva, CH, 2006.
65. P. Bayer, and M. Finkel Life cycle assessment of active and passive groundwater remediation technologies J Contam Hydrol 83 2006 171 199 (Pubitemid 43136451)
66. R. Kenny, C. Law, and J.M. Pearce Towards real energy economics: energy policy driven by life-cycle carbon emission Energy Policy 38 2010 1969 1978
67. S. Pfister, P. Bayer, A. Koehler, and S. Hellweg Environmental impacts of water use in global crop production: hotspots and trade-offs with land use Environ Sci Technol 45 13 2011 5761 5768
68. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories. Ecoinvent data v2.2 - life cycle inventory database. Dübendorf, CH, 2011
69. L.G. Swan, and V.I. Ugursal Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: a review of modeling techniques Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13 2009 1819 1835
70. 2 emissions from fuel combustion 2009 International Energy Agency
71. 2-Intensität des Stromabsatzes an Schweizer Endkunden. Zurich, CH; 2009
72. R. Frischknecht, and M. Stucki Scope-dependent modelling of electricity supply in life cycle assessments Int J Life Cycle Assess 2010 806 816