메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 1121-1134

Sequential Disturbance Effects of Hailstorm and Fire on Vegetation in a Mediterranean-Type Ecosystem

Author keywords

compound disturbance; defoliation; Eucalyptus; kwongan; linked disturbance; Mediterranean; resprouting; shrubland; Western Australia

Indexed keywords

DEFORESTATION; DISTURBANCE; ECOREGION; FOREST FIRE; ICE STORM; MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; RESOURCE DEPLETION; RESPROUTING; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SEROTINY; SEVERE WEATHER; SHRUB; SHRUBLAND; TROPICAL FOREST; VEGETATION;

EID: 84944356188     PISSN: 14329840     EISSN: 14350629     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9886-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (69)
  • 2
    • 63049132138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of fire on the regeneration of a Quercus douglasii stand in Quail Ridge Reserve, Berryessa Valley (California)
    • Arevalo JR, Alvarez P, Narvaez N, Walker K. 2009. The effects of fire on the regeneration of a Quercus douglasii stand in Quail Ridge Reserve, Berryessa Valley (California). J For Res 14:81–7.
    • (2009) J For Res , vol.14 , pp. 81-87
    • Arevalo, J.R.1    Alvarez, P.2    Narvaez, N.3    Walker, K.4
  • 3
    • 84944352571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S, Christensen R, Singmann H, Dai B. 2010. lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. R package version 0.999375-33,.
    • Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S, Christensen R, Singmann H, Dai B. 2010. lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. R package version 0.999375-33, http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4.
  • 4
    • 0034022496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resprouting as a life history strategy in woody plant communities
    • Bellingham PJ, Sparrow AD. 2000. Resprouting as a life history strategy in woody plant communities. Oikos 89:409–16.
    • (2000) Oikos , vol.89 , pp. 409-416
    • Bellingham, P.J.1    Sparrow, A.D.2
  • 5
    • 84944355952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dry spell ended by a wild storm
    • Perth, Bureau of Meteorolog
    • BOM. 2010. Perth in March 2010: A dry spell ended by a wild storm. Monthly Climate Summary for Perth. Perth: Bureau of Meteorology.
    • (2010) Monthly Climate Summary for Perth
  • 7
    • 38249003343 scopus 로고
    • The significance of root starch in post-fire shoot recovery of the resprouter Stirlingia latifolia R. Br. (Proteaceae)
    • Bowen BJ, Pate JS. 1993. The significance of root starch in post-fire shoot recovery of the resprouter Stirlingia latifolia R. Br. (Proteaceae). Ann Bot 72:7–16.
    • (1993) Ann Bot , vol.72 , pp. 7-16
    • Bowen, B.J.1    Pate, J.S.2
  • 8
    • 0030756437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke as a germination cue: a review
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmt1yitbw%3
    • Brown NAC, van Staden J. 1997. Smoke as a germination cue: a review. Plant Growth Regul 22:115–24.
    • (1997) Plant Growth Regul , vol.22 , pp. 115-124
    • Brown, N.A.C.1    van Staden, J.2
  • 9
    • 84928725712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance interactions: characterization, prediction, and the potential for cascading effects
    • Buma B. 2015. Disturbance interactions: characterization, prediction, and the potential for cascading effects. Ecosphere 6:70. doi:10.1890/ES15-00058.1.
    • (2015) Ecosphere , vol.6 , pp. 70
    • Buma, B.1
  • 10
    • 84889243297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impacts of changing disturbance regimes on serotinous plant populations and communities
    • Buma B, Brown CD, Donato DC, Fontaine JB, Johnstone JF. 2013. The impacts of changing disturbance regimes on serotinous plant populations and communities. Bioscience 63:866–76.
    • (2013) Bioscience , vol.63 , pp. 866-876
    • Buma, B.1    Brown, C.D.2    Donato, D.C.3    Fontaine, J.B.4    Johnstone, J.F.5
  • 11
    • 84862929270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance interactions can impact resilience mechanisms of forests. Ecosphere 2:art64
    • Buma B, Wessman C. 2011. Disturbance interactions can impact resilience mechanisms of forests. Ecosphere 2:art64. doi:10.1890/ES11-00038.1.
    • (2011) doi:10.1890/ES11-00038.1
    • Buma, B.1    Wessman, C.2
  • 12
    • 82155195568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential species responses to compounded perturbations and implications for landscape heterogeneity and resilience
    • Buma B, Wessman C. 2012. Differential species responses to compounded perturbations and implications for landscape heterogeneity and resilience. For Ecol Manag 266:25–33.
    • (2012) For Ecol Manag , vol.266 , pp. 25-33
    • Buma, B.1    Wessman, C.2
  • 14
    • 0026313504 scopus 로고
    • Resprouting vigor of 2 Mediterranean shrub species after experimental fire treatments
    • Canadell J, Lloret F, Lopezsoria L. 1991. Resprouting vigor of 2 Mediterranean shrub species after experimental fire treatments. Vegetatio 95:119–26.
    • (1991) Vegetatio , vol.95 , pp. 119-126
    • Canadell, J.1    Lloret, F.2    Lopezsoria, L.3
  • 16
    • 84870164320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resprouting as a key functional trait: how buds, protection and resources drive persistence after fire
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3s%2FptlGmsw%3D%3D, PID: 2311059
    • Clarke PJ, Lawes M, Midgley J, Lamont B, Ojeda F, Burrows G, Enright N, Knox K. 2013. Resprouting as a key functional trait: how buds, protection and resources drive persistence after fire. New Phytol 197:19–35.
    • (2013) New Phytol , vol.197 , pp. 19-35
    • Clarke, P.J.1    Lawes, M.2    Midgley, J.3    Lamont, B.4    Ojeda, F.5    Burrows, G.6    Enright, N.7    Knox, K.8
  • 18
    • 0023581224 scopus 로고
    • Northern Sandplain kwongan: Community biomass and selected species response to fire
    • Delfs J, Pate J, Bell D. 1987. Northern Sandplain kwongan: Community biomass and selected species response to fire. J R Soc West Aust 69:133–8.
    • (1987) J R Soc West Aust , vol.69 , pp. 133-138
    • Delfs, J.1    Pate, J.2    Bell, D.3
  • 19
    • 84881082185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in ecologically critical terrestrial climate conditions
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFyjsr3K, PID: 2390822
    • Diffenbaugh NS, Field CB. 2013. Changes in ecologically critical terrestrial climate conditions. Science 341:486–92.
    • (2013) Science , vol.341 , pp. 486-492
    • Diffenbaugh, N.S.1    Field, C.B.2
  • 20
    • 57649138542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation response to a short interval between high-severity wildfires in a mixed-evergreen forest
    • Donato DC, Fontaine JB, Robinson WD, Kauffman JB, Law BE. 2009. Vegetation response to a short interval between high-severity wildfires in a mixed-evergreen forest. J Ecol 97:142–54.
    • (2009) J Ecol , vol.97 , pp. 142-154
    • Donato, D.C.1    Fontaine, J.B.2    Robinson, W.D.3    Kauffman, J.B.4    Law, B.E.5
  • 21
    • 84875762065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bark beetle effects on fuel profiles across a range of stand structures in Douglas-fir forests of Greater Yellowstone
    • PID: 2349563
    • Donato DC, Harvey BJ, Romme WH, Simard M, Turner MG. 2013a. Bark beetle effects on fuel profiles across a range of stand structures in Douglas-fir forests of Greater Yellowstone. Ecol Appl 23:3–20.
    • (2013) Ecol Appl , vol.23 , pp. 3-20
    • Donato, D.C.1    Harvey, B.J.2    Romme, W.H.3    Simard, M.4    Turner, M.G.5
  • 22
    • 84877798908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating post-outbreak management effects on future fuel profiles and stand structure in bark beetle-impacted forests of Greater Yellowstone
    • Donato DC, Simard M, Romme WH, Harvey BJ, Turner MG. 2013b. Evaluating post-outbreak management effects on future fuel profiles and stand structure in bark beetle-impacted forests of Greater Yellowstone. For Ecol Manag 303:160–74.
    • (2013) For Ecol Manag , vol.303 , pp. 160-174
    • Donato, D.C.1    Simard, M.2    Romme, W.H.3    Harvey, B.J.4    Turner, M.G.5
  • 24
    • 84928760534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interval squeeze: Altered fire regimes and demographic responses interact to threaten woody species persistence as climate changes
    • Enright N, Fontaine J, Bowman DMJS, Bradstock RA, Williams RJ. 2015. Interval squeeze: Altered fire regimes and demographic responses interact to threaten woody species persistence as climate changes. Front Ecol Environ 13:265–272. doi:10.1890/140231.
    • (2015) Front Ecol Environ , vol.13 , pp. 265-272
    • Enright, N.1    Fontaine, J.2    Bowman, D.M.J.S.3    Bradstock, R.A.4    Williams, R.J.5
  • 25
    • 0024872982 scopus 로고
    • Seed banks, fire season, safe sites and seedling recruitment in five co-occurring Banksia species
    • Enright N, Lamont B. 1989. Seed banks, fire season, safe sites and seedling recruitment in five co-occurring Banksia species. J Ecol 77:1111–1122.
    • (1989) J Ecol , vol.77 , pp. 1111-1122
    • Enright, N.1    Lamont, B.2
  • 26
    • 84925775629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance and resilience to changing climate and fire regime depend on plant functional traits
    • Enright NJ, Fontaine JB, Lamont BB, Miller BP, Westcott VC. 2014. Resistance and resilience to changing climate and fire regime depend on plant functional traits. J Ecol 102:1572–81.
    • (2014) J Ecol , vol.102 , pp. 1572-1581
    • Enright, N.J.1    Fontaine, J.B.2    Lamont, B.B.3    Miller, B.P.4    Westcott, V.C.5
  • 27
    • 83055194420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire interval effects on persistence of resprouter species in Mediterranean-type shrublands
    • Enright NJ, Fontaine JB, Westcott VC, Lade J, Miller BP. 2011. Fire interval effects on persistence of resprouter species in Mediterranean-type shrublands. Plant Ecol 212:2071–84.
    • (2011) Plant Ecol , vol.212 , pp. 2071-2084
    • Enright, N.J.1    Fontaine, J.B.2    Westcott, V.C.3    Lade, J.4    Miller, B.P.5
  • 28
    • 0032413199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecological significance of canopy seed storage in fire-prone environments: a model for non-sprouting shrubs
    • Enright NJ, Marsula R, Lamont BB, Wissel C. 1998. The ecological significance of canopy seed storage in fire-prone environments: a model for non-sprouting shrubs. J Ecol 86:946–59.
    • (1998) J Ecol , vol.86 , pp. 946-959
    • Enright, N.J.1    Marsula, R.2    Lamont, B.B.3    Wissel, C.4
  • 29
    • 38449123160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil vs. canopy seed storage and plant species coexistence in species-rich Australian shrublands
    • Enright NJ, Mosner E, Miller BP, Johnson N, Lamont BB. 2007. Soil vs. canopy seed storage and plant species coexistence in species-rich Australian shrublands. Ecology 88:2292–2304.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 2292-2304
    • Enright, N.J.1    Mosner, E.2    Miller, B.P.3    Johnson, N.4    Lamont, B.B.5
  • 30
    • 0033373930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of forests with Araucariaceae in the western Pacific
    • Enright NJ, Ogden J, Rigg LS. 1999. Dynamics of forests with Araucariaceae in the western Pacific. J Veg Sci 10:793–804.
    • (1999) J Veg Sci , vol.10 , pp. 793-804
    • Enright, N.J.1    Ogden, J.2    Rigg, L.S.3
  • 32
    • 84863009051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire behaviour in southwestern Australian shrublands: evaluating the influence of fuel age and fire weather
    • Fontaine JB, Enright NJ, Lade J, Miller BP, Westcott VC. 2012. Fire behaviour in southwestern Australian shrublands: evaluating the influence of fuel age and fire weather. Int J Wildland Fire 21:385–95.
    • (2012) Int J Wildland Fire , vol.21 , pp. 385-395
    • Fontaine, J.B.1    Enright, N.J.2    Lade, J.3    Miller, B.P.4    Westcott, V.C.5
  • 33
    • 77957235738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated disturbance through chaining and burning differentially affects recruitment among plant functional types in fire-prone heathlands
    • Gosper CR, Prober SM, Yates CJ. 2010. Repeated disturbance through chaining and burning differentially affects recruitment among plant functional types in fire-prone heathlands. Int J Wildland Fire 19:52–62.
    • (2010) Int J Wildland Fire , vol.19 , pp. 52-62
    • Gosper, C.R.1    Prober, S.M.2    Yates, C.J.3
  • 35
    • 84887875329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of recent bark beetle outbreak on fire severity and postfire tree regeneration in montane Douglas-fir forests
    • PID: 2440049
    • Harvey BJ, Donato DC, Romme WH, Turner MG. 2013. Influence of recent bark beetle outbreak on fire severity and postfire tree regeneration in montane Douglas-fir forests. Ecology 94:2475–86.
    • (2013) Ecology , vol.94 , pp. 2475-2486
    • Harvey, B.J.1    Donato, D.C.2    Romme, W.H.3    Turner, M.G.4
  • 36
    • 84908004784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire severity and tree regeneration following bark beetle outbreaks: the role of outbreak stage and burning conditions
    • Harvey BJ, Donato DC, Romme WH, Turner MG. 2014a. Fire severity and tree regeneration following bark beetle outbreaks: the role of outbreak stage and burning conditions. Ecol Appl 24(7):1608–25.
    • (2014) Ecol Appl , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 1608-1625
    • Harvey, B.J.1    Donato, D.C.2    Romme, W.H.3    Turner, M.G.4
  • 37
    • 84908042423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent mountain pine beetle outbreaks, wildfire severity, and postfire tree regeneration in the US Northern Rockies
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1ChtrfN, PID: 2526763
    • Harvey BJ, Donato DC, Turner MG. 2014b. Recent mountain pine beetle outbreaks, wildfire severity, and postfire tree regeneration in the US Northern Rockies. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111:15120–5.
    • (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.111 , pp. 15120-15125
    • Harvey, B.J.1    Donato, D.C.2    Turner, M.G.3
  • 38
  • 39
    • 84984149031 scopus 로고
    • An ecological analysis of kwongan vegetation south of Eneabba, Western Australia
    • Hnatiuk RJ, Hopkins AJM. 1981. An ecological analysis of kwongan vegetation south of Eneabba, Western Australia. Austral Ecol 6:423–38.
    • (1981) Austral Ecol , vol.6 , pp. 423-438
    • Hnatiuk, R.J.1    Hopkins, A.J.M.2
  • 40
    • 8144225550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The southwest Australian floristic region: evolution and conservation of a global hot spot of biodiversity
    • Hopper SD, Gioia P. 2004. The southwest Australian floristic region: evolution and conservation of a global hot spot of biodiversity. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 35:623–650.
    • (2004) Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst , vol.35 , pp. 623-650
    • Hopper, S.D.1    Gioia, P.2
  • 41
    • 0032881085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hail damage to mangroves at Port Curtis, Australia
    • Houston W. 1999. Severe hail damage to mangroves at Port Curtis, Australia. Mangroves Salt Marshes 3:29–40.
    • (1999) Mangroves Salt Marshes , vol.3 , pp. 29-40
    • Houston, W.1
  • 42
    • 84944354913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jackman S. pscl: Classes and Methods for R Developed in the Political Science Computational Laboratory, Stanford University. Department of Political Science, Stanford University. Stanford, California. R package version 1.03.10
    • Jackman S. 2011. pscl: Classes and Methods for R Developed in the Political Science Computational Laboratory, Stanford University. Department of Political Science, Stanford University. Stanford, California. R package version 1.03.10 URL http://pscl.stanford.edu/.
  • 44
    • 0030659628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined effects of heat shock, smoke and darkness on germination of Epacris stuartii Stapf., an endangered fire-prone Australian shrub
    • Keith D. 1997. Combined effects of heat shock, smoke and darkness on germination of Epacris stuartii Stapf., an endangered fire-prone Australian shrub. Oecologia 112:340–4.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.112 , pp. 340-344
    • Keith, D.1
  • 45
    • 0005280093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire regimes in Australian heathlands and their effects on plants and animals. Bradstock RA, Williams JE, Gill MA editors. Flammable Australia: The fire regimes and biodiversity of a continent
    • Keith DA, McCaw WL, Whelan RJ. 2002. Fire regimes in Australian heathlands and their effects on plants and animals. Bradstock RA, Williams JE, Gill MA editors. Flammable Australia: The fire regimes and biodiversity of a continent. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p 199–237.
    • (2002) Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press , pp. 199-237
    • Keith, D.A.1    McCaw, W.L.2    Whelan, R.J.3
  • 46
    • 34247130172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prior disturbances on the extent and severity of wildfire in Colorado subalpine forests
    • PID: 1750360
    • Kulakowski D, Veblen TT. 2007. Effect of prior disturbances on the extent and severity of wildfire in Colorado subalpine forests. Ecology 88:759–69.
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 759-769
    • Kulakowski, D.1    Veblen, T.T.2
  • 48
    • 83055161036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do small savanna trees avoid stem mortality by fire? The roles of stem diameter, height and bark thickness. Ecosphere 2:art42
    • Lawes MJ, Adie H, Russell-Smith J, Murphy B, Midgley JJ. 2011. How do small savanna trees avoid stem mortality by fire? The roles of stem diameter, height and bark thickness. Ecosphere 2:art42. doi:10.1890/ES10-00204.1.
    • (2011) doi:10.1890/ES10-00204.1
    • Lawes, M.J.1    Adie, H.2    Russell-Smith, J.3    Murphy, B.4    Midgley, J.J.5
  • 49
    • 84893065429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postfire regeneration of resprouting mountain fynbos shrubs: differentiating obligate resprouters and facultative seeders
    • Marais K, Pratt R, Jacobs S, Jacobsen A, Esler K. 2014. Postfire regeneration of resprouting mountain fynbos shrubs: differentiating obligate resprouters and facultative seeders. Plant Ecol 215:195–208.
    • (2014) Plant Ecol , vol.215 , pp. 195-208
    • Marais, K.1    Pratt, R.2    Jacobs, S.3    Jacobsen, A.4    Esler, K.5
  • 50
    • 39849106894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-fire resprouting and mortality in cerrado woody plant species over a three-year period
    • Medeiros dM, Miranda H. 2008. Post-fire resprouting and mortality in cerrado woody plant species over a three-year period. Edinb J Bot 65:53–68.
    • (2008) Edinb J Bot , vol.65 , pp. 53-68
    • Medeiros, M.1    Miranda, H.2
  • 51
    • 0037361539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewal of the dry weight of Larrea cuneifolia Cav. after a hailstorm in Mendoza, Argentina
    • Méndez E. 2003. Renewal of the dry weight of Larrea cuneifolia Cav. after a hailstorm in Mendoza, Argentina. J Arid Environ 53:347–50.
    • (2003) J Arid Environ , vol.53 , pp. 347-350
    • Méndez, E.1
  • 52
    • 43449136768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclone damage to tropical rain forests: species- and community-level impacts
    • Metcalfe DJ, Bradford MG, Ford AJ. 2008. Cyclone damage to tropical rain forests: species- and community-level impacts. Austral Ecol 33:432–41.
    • (2008) Austral Ecol , vol.33 , pp. 432-441
    • Metcalfe, D.J.1    Bradford, M.G.2    Ford, A.J.3
  • 54
    • 84862254725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To resprout or not to resprout: factors driving intraspecific variability in resprouting
    • Moreira B, Tormo J, Pausas JG. 2012. To resprout or not to resprout: factors driving intraspecific variability in resprouting. Oikos 121:1577–84.
    • (2012) Oikos , vol.121 , pp. 1577-1584
    • Moreira, B.1    Tormo, J.2    Pausas, J.G.3
  • 55
    • 0025956388 scopus 로고
    • Fire intensity and herbivory effects on postfire resprouting of Adenostoma fasciculatum in southern California chaparral
    • Moreno JM, Oechel WC. 1991. Fire intensity and herbivory effects on postfire resprouting of Adenostoma fasciculatum in southern California chaparral. Oecologia 85:429–33.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.85 , pp. 429-433
    • Moreno, J.M.1    Oechel, W.C.2
  • 57
    • 0000653263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compounded perturbations yield ecological surprises
    • Paine RT, Tegner MJ, Johnson EA. 1998. Compounded perturbations yield ecological surprises. Ecosystems 1:535–45.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 535-545
    • Paine, R.T.1    Tegner, M.J.2    Johnson, E.A.3
  • 58
    • 41749105008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCC AR4 WG2
    • Adaptation and Vulnerability: Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chang
    • Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE. 2007. IPCC AR4 WG2. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: Impacts
    • Parry, M.L.1    Canziani, O.F.2    Palutikof, J.P.3    van der Linden, P.J.4    Hanson, C.E.5
  • 59
    • 65349127604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belowground starch consumption after recurrent severe disturbance in three resprouter species of the genus Erica
    • Paula S, Ojeda F. 2009. Belowground starch consumption after recurrent severe disturbance in three resprouter species of the genus Erica. Botany 87:253–9.
    • (2009) Botany , vol.87 , pp. 253-259
    • Paula, S.1    Ojeda, F.2
  • 60
    • 84906942937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary ecology of resprouting and seeding in fire-prone ecosystems
    • PID: 2529899
    • Pausas JG, Keeley JE. 2014. Evolutionary ecology of resprouting and seeding in fire-prone ecosystems. New Phytol 204:55–65.
    • (2014) New Phytol , vol.204 , pp. 55-65
    • Pausas, J.G.1    Keeley, J.E.2
  • 62
    • 84893085132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality of resprouting chaparral shrubs after a fire and during a record drought: physiological mechanisms and demographic consequences
    • Pratt RB, Jacobsen AL, Ramirez AR, Helms AM, Traugh CA, Tobin MF, Heffner MS, Davis SD. 2014. Mortality of resprouting chaparral shrubs after a fire and during a record drought: physiological mechanisms and demographic consequences. Glob Change Biol 20:893–907.
    • (2014) Glob Change Biol , vol.20 , pp. 893-907
    • Pratt, R.B.1    Jacobsen, A.L.2    Ramirez, A.R.3    Helms, A.M.4    Traugh, C.A.5    Tobin, M.F.6    Heffner, M.S.7    Davis, S.D.8
  • 63
    • 84944357200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team. 2010. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing version 2.12.0.: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
    • R Development Core Team. 2010. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing version 2.12.0.: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
  • 64
    • 45849137124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions
    • Raffa KF, Aukema BH, Bentz BJ, Carroll AL, Hicke JA, Turner MG, Romme WH. 2008. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. Bioscience 58:501–17.
    • (2008) Bioscience , vol.58 , pp. 501-517
    • Raffa, K.F.1    Aukema, B.H.2    Bentz, B.J.3    Carroll, A.L.4    Hicke, J.A.5    Turner, M.G.6    Romme, W.H.7
  • 65
    • 84944353038 scopus 로고
    • Hail damage in forest stands
    • Riley CG. 1953. Hail damage in forest stands. For Chron 29:139–43.
    • (1953) For Chron , vol.29 , pp. 139-143
    • Riley, C.G.1
  • 66
    • 79551551597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests?
    • Simard M, Romme WH, Griffin JM, Turner MG. 2011. Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests? Ecol Monogr 81:3–24.
    • (2011) Ecol Monogr , vol.81 , pp. 3-24
    • Simard, M.1    Romme, W.H.2    Griffin, J.M.3    Turner, M.G.4
  • 67
    • 33646727521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-scale fuel variation alters fire intensity and shrub abundance in a pine savanna
    • PID: 1676161
    • Thaxton JM, Platt WJ. 2006. Small-scale fuel variation alters fire intensity and shrub abundance in a pine savanna. Ecology 87:1331–7.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 1331-1337
    • Thaxton, J.M.1    Platt, W.J.2
  • 68
    • 0000155438 scopus 로고
    • Height of crown scorch in forest fires
    • Wagner CV. 1973. Height of crown scorch in forest fires. Can J For Res 3:373–8.
    • (1973) Can J For Res , vol.3 , pp. 373-378
    • Wagner, C.V.1
  • 69
    • 84907187707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass and litter accumulation patterns in species-rich shrublands for fire hazard assessment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsFKns77
    • Westcott VE, Enright NJ, Miller BP, Fontaine JB, Lade JC, Lamont BB. 2014. Biomass and litter accumulation patterns in species-rich shrublands for fire hazard assessment. Int J Wildland Fire 23:860–71.
    • (2014) Int J Wildland Fire , vol.23 , pp. 860-871
    • Westcott, V.E.1    Enright, N.J.2    Miller, B.P.3    Fontaine, J.B.4    Lade, J.C.5    Lamont, B.B.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.